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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. A patient in the PFT lab is instructed to inhale to TLC, then blast the air out as hard and fast as possible until they reach RV. Then are instructed to inhale slowly and steadily until they reach TLC again. What test is the patient asked to perform and what one detail is incorrect about the instruction.
a. FVC ….. patient need only exhale for around 6 seconds before inhaling b. FVC ….. the instruction is correct c. SVC ….. patient must breath hold after inhaling the first time d. FVC ….. the second inhalation must be done as hard and fast as possible e. MVV ….. the patient need only inhale to 60% of the VC |
D
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2. Which of the following relationships is correct.
a. ERV = (TLC - FRC) – Vt b. Vt = (RV + ERV) – IRV c. TLC = IRV + Vt + VC + ERV d. FRC = (VC + RV) – IC e. none of the above |
D
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3. An MVV maneuver requires the patient to ______________ at a volume that is _________________ for each breath.
a. breath in and out …… within 100cc of their tidal volume b. exhale maximally ….. at their vital capacity c. exhale slowly ….. at FRC d. breath in and out ….. 50% of their vital capacity e. breath normally ….. equal to their true tidal volume |
D
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4. A patient who meets all of the acceptability criteria for a FVC:
a. must have normal pulmonary function b. could have very abnormal pulmonary function c. will not need a 2nd or 3rd test for a repeatability comparison d. will not need a SVC e. a and d |
B
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5. Consider the following results from a patient's first SVC maneuver.
SVC = 4.35 L ERV = .85 L Vt = 1.7 L IRV = 1.8L What will you instruct the patient to change on the next SVC maneuver? a. there is not enough information given to suggest any changes b. the patient must raise their FRC the IRV and ERV should be approximately the same c. the patient must be coached to exhale longer, the ERV is proportionally too small indicating the patient ended the test too soon d. the patient must relax and lower their tidal volume to less than 1Liter before maximal inhalation e. the patient must always be coached to blow out faster |
D
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6. What two parameters are measured on the X and Y axis for a flow volume loop.
a. volume on the X axis and flow on the Y axis b. time on the X axis and flow on the Y axis c. pressure on X axis and time on the Y axis d. time on the X axis and volume on the Y axis e. flow on the X axis and volume on the Y axis |
A
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7. An acute exacerbation of asthma will cause what change in the peakflow?
a. increased flowrate b. decreased flowrate c. increased measurement of lung capacity d. decreased measurement of lung capacity |
B
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8. A maximum effort, and peakflow at the beginning of an FVC is an absolute requirement for an acceptable test. Which of the following would provide the best format for this determination?
a. volume time curve b. flow volume loop c. flow pressure curve d. MVV |
B
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9. Which of the following capacities would be the smallest in an average sized, normal adult?
a. Inspiratory capacity b. Functional residual capacity c. Total lung capacity d. Vital capacity |
B
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10. Which of the following describes Charles' Law?
a. The pressure and temperature of a gas system vary directly if the volume and the amount of gas in the system remains constant b. The temperature and volume of a gas system vary directly if the pressure and the amount gas in the system remains constant c. The pressure and volume of a gas system vary inversely if the temperature and amount of gas in the system are constant d. Anything that can go wrong will go wrong |
B
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11. Which of the following is most useful in the assessment of the quality of pulmonary function test data?
a. absence of communication barriers, anxiety, or pain on the part of the subject being tested b. the respiratory therapy practitioner's evaluation of the subject's physical effort c. repeatability of repeated tests after acceptability has been determined d. the subject's affirmation that he was co-operating as much as possible during the tests. e. comparison with normal data that correspond to the subject's height, sex and age |
C
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12. During a pulmonary function test a patient has a SVC of 3.8 liters and an FVC of 3.4 liters. Her predicted FVC is 3.9 liters. Based on these values, which of the following conclusions is most likely?
a. the patient's lung function is normal b. the patient has a restrictive dysfunction c. the equipment is not properly calibrated d. the patient has some bronchiole collapse resulting in air trapping e. the patient has restrictive and obstructive dysfunction |
D
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13. Which of the following formulas equal the expiratory reserve volume?
a. TLC – RV b. FRC – RV c. VC – IRV d. RV + VT e. VC - (IC - VT) |
B
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14. The total volume remaining in the lungs after a normal exhalation is termed:
a. total lung capacity b. functional residual capacity c. vital capacity d. inpiratory reserve volume |
B
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15. The flow over the last 1/4 of the expiratory limb of the flow volume loop is:
a. independent of patient effort b. highly dependent on subject effort c. also known as the peak flow d. is increase in chronic bronchitis |
A
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16. How can you tell the difference between a restrictive and an obstructive disorder?
a. In a restrictive disorder the flowrates will be normal or even well above predicted, while in the obstructive disorder the flowrates will be below normal. b. In a restrictive disorder the total lung capacity (TLC) and vital capacity (VC) are reduced. In a obstructive disorder the (TLC) and the (RV) can be increased with airtrapping. c. In a restrictive disorder the FEV1/FVC > 75% in an obstructive disorder the FEV1/FVC < 75% d. All of the above. |
D
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17. Which of the following determinations measures the average of the middle 50 percent flow rate of the forced vital capacity?
a. FEV1 b. FEF 25-75% c. FEF 50-75% d. FEF 200-1200 e. Peak flow |
B
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18. In severe obstructive disorders:
I. the FVC can not be measured II. the ERV is decreased III. the RV is decreased IV. the FEV1 is decreased a. I and III only b. II and IV only c. I, II and IV only d. II, III and IV only |
B
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19. C in the above diagram is located close to the:
a. peak expiratory flow b. peak inspiratory flow c. point of zero flow at RV d. point of zero flow at TLC e. inspiratory reserve volume |
C
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20. When converting PFT values obtained at ATPS to BTPS you would
a. Multiply the ATPS value by the BTPS conversion factor b. Divide the ATPS value by the BTPS factor c. Multiply the COPD value by the BTPS conversion factor d. do nothing because we have already compensated due to altitude |
A
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21. A patient's vital capacity can be calculated by using which of the following equations?
I. TLC - RV II. IC + FRC III. IRV + VT + ERV IV. FRC + VT V. IC + ERV a. I and II b. II and IV c. III and V d. I, II and IV e. I, III and V |
E
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22. The cut-off point between normal and abnormally low values for the FVC or FEV1 is:
a. 100% of predicted b. 90% of predicted c. 80% of predicted d. 60% of the actual value recorded |
c
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23. The purpose of performing spirometry before -and-after bronchodilator studies is to:
a. determine if pulmonary perfusion can be improved b. observe changes in the Pa02 c. determine if the patient has a reversible component to airway obstruction d. determine if the patient has a true restrictive disease process |
c
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24. Results of a pulmonary function study on a patient report a vital capacity of 3600 ml, a functional residual capacity of 6000 ml, and an expiratory reserve volume of 1000 ml. What is the total lung capacity?
a. 5000 ml b. 7000 ml c. 8600 ml d. 9600 ml e. 10,600 ml |
c
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25. What is the interpretation that best fits the following results?
Predicted -------------------Observed FVC 3.0 liters ---------------1.5 liters FEV1 2.3 liters ---------- -----.6 liters FEF 25-75 2.6 liters/sec ------.3 liters/sec a. a mild restrictive disorder b. a severe restrictive disorder c. a mild obstructive disorder d. a severe obstructive disorder |
d
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26. A patient with reduced flow rates, an increased total lung capacity, and an increased residual volume has which of the following conditions?
a. restrictive disease b. obstructive disease c. restrictive and obstructive disease d. normal lungs e. there is not enough information to make a diagnosis |
b
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27. Which of the following laboratory determinations is most likely abnormal in a patient with interstitial pulmonary fibrosis?
a. FEF 25 – 75 b. FEV1/FVC c. FVC d. FEF 200 – 1200 |
c
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28. Which of the following spirometry values either directly measure, or are used to describe flow?
I. VC II. FEV1 III. PEFR IV. FEF 25-75 V. FEF 200-1200 a. IV, V b. I, II, III c. III, IV, V d. II, III, IV, V e. I, II, IV, V |
D
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29. An FVC that exhibits decreased flow usually indicates:
a. airway obstruction b. pulmonary congestion c. dyspnea d. diminished maximal voluntary ventilation e. diminished alveolar ventilation |
A
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30. A 65 year old patient with a history of COPD was transferred to the cardiac stepdown unit from CCU. While in the process of performing a bedside PFT, the patient informs you that he didn't exhale all the volume he could have because of a sudden onset of chest pain. You should:
a. reinstruct the patient to forcibly exhale until his lungs are completely empty in order for the test to be valid. b. stop the test and inform the patient's nurse or MD. c. explain to the patient that the chest pain is due to his COPD and that he will most likely always have pain with forced exhalation d. have the patient repeat the test two more times, indicate on the form that the test is submaximal, and go on to the next patient |
B
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31. The following are contraindications to pulmonary function testing.
i. nasal oxygen ii. Hemoptysis of unknown origin iii. Presence of an acute disease process that might interfere with test performance iv. lung cancer v. AIDS a. iv, v b. all of the above c. i, ii, iii d. ii, iii, iv, v e. ii, iii |
E
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32. The following is true concerning patient preparation for a PFT test.
i. The patient should be encouraged to eat a large meal right before the test to maintain a high energy reserve for the maximal efforts required. ii. Bronchodilator and vasoactive drugs should always be discontinued before a PFT even if the patient has wheeze or chest pain, since the accuracy of the testing is the most important consideration iii. The patient's height at the time of testing will provide the most precise predicted value. iv. The Questionnaire should include past occupational history a. ii, iii b. iv c. i, iii d. all of the above |
B
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33. Which of the following can be determined from an FVC?
I. FRC II. FEV1 III. FEF25-75 IV. RV a. I, IV b. II c. III d. All of the above e. II and III |
E
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34. A in the diagram is located close to the:
a. peak expiratory flow b. peak inspiratory flow c. expiratory reserve volume d. effort independent portion of the loop e. FEV1 |
A
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35. A subject has the following lung volumes:
Measured --------------------------Predicted VC -1.4 -------------------------------2.9 FRC -3.0 ------------------------------2.2 RV -2.7 -------------------------------1.0 TLC- 4.1 ------------------------------3.9 These are consistent with: a. normal lung volumes b. a restrictive pattern c. an obstructive pattern d. a combined obstructive and restrictive pattern |
C
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36. Which of the following diseases causes a primary obstructive defect when the patient performs a forced vital capacity?
a. Emphysema b. Obesity c. Neuromuscular paralysis d. Kyphoscoliosis |
A
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37. Which of the following should a respiratory therapy practitioner recommend for measuring the degree of reversibility of a patient's airway obstruction?
a. Slow vital capacity b. arterial blood gas c. carbon monoxide diffusing capacity d. spirometry, prebronchodilator and postbronchodilator |
D
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38. What would you expect the spirometry to look like from a patient with a pure restrictive defect?
a. FVC >80% FEV1% <75% b. FVC <80% FEV1% >75% c. FVC <80% FEV1% <75% d. FVC >80% FEV1% >75% |
B
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39. A patient has these lung volumes:
Measured -----------------------------------Predicted VC -1.9 -------------------------------------------3.6 FRC -1.2 ------------------------------------------2.2 RV -0.8 -------------------------------------------1.7 TLC -2.7 ------------------------------------------5.3 These values are consistent with: a. normal lung volumes b. obstructive pattern c. restrictive pattern d. combined obstructive and restrictive pattern |
C
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40. A patient with a disease process that causes an obstructive defect will most likely demonstrate:
I. An FEV1/FVC ratio >75% II. A decrease in FEV1 III. A normal or decreased FVC IV. A decreased PEFR a. I b. IV c. II, III, IV d. All of the above |
C
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41. A pure restrictive defect exhibits the following?
I. Decreased FVC II. Lowered TLC III. Increased TLC IV. Normal flows V. Decreased flows a. I, II, IV b. II, V c. I, III, IV d. III, V e. III, only |
A
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42. Which of the following diseases would be most consistent with the following data?
Predicted -------------------Observed FVC 3.0 liters ---------------1.5 liters FEV1 2.3 liters ---------- -----.6 liters FEF 25-75 2.6 liters/sec ------.3 liters/sec a. Scoliosis b. Obesity c. COPD d. Myasthenia gravis e. pulmonary fibrosis |
C
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43. A restrictive disease:
I. is characterized by a reduction in lung recoil and airway diameter II. results in decreased lung volumes III. may be identified by determining TLC a. I only b. II and III only c. I and III only d. II only |
B
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44. Predicted values are:
a. the absolute normals for each group by height, sex, and weight b. given in ATPS and must be converted to BTPS c. an average of values for each group of non-smokers by height, age, and sex d. so scientifically precise any variation must be abnormal |
C
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45. Vital capacity is defined as the:
a. volume of air that can be completely exhaled after a maximum inspiration b. total volume of air that the lungs contain c. maximum capacity of ventilation for 1 minute d. volume of air that can be exhaled after a normal inspiration e. volume of air that can be inhaled following a normal inspiration |
A
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46. Which of the following is most likely to cause a restrictive ventilatory defect?
a. asthma b. emphysema c. cystic fibrosis d. weight loss e. kyphoscoliosis |
E
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47. The value obtained from a correctly done Peakflow with a peakflow meter is measured at:
a. the middle of a maximal inhalation b. the last second of 6 second forced exhalation c. the beginning a forced exhalation after a maximal inhalation d. the end of a forced vital capacity immediately before RV e. the middle 50% of a forced vital capacity |
C
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48. A patient's SVC = 3.0 L, while the FVC = 2.5L. What is the best explanation for this phenomenon?
a. The FVC was a submaximal effort b. Performing the FVC caused the patient to airtrap c. The SVC includes the residual volume d. a or b |
D
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49. The maximum voluntary ventilation does NOT measure
a. muscle strength and endurance b. Airway caliber c. Lung compliance d. Residual volume e. The MVV does test all of the above |
D
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50. The inspiratory capacity includes which volumes or capacities?
a. Residual volume, tidal volume, and inspiratory reserve volume b. Tidal volume, residual volume, and expiratory reserve volume c. Residual volume and inspiratory reserve volume d. Inspiratory reserve volume and tidal volume e. Inspiratory reserve volume and functional residual capacity |
D
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51. Which of the following would represent the pulmonary function study of a patient diagnosed with pulmonary fibrosis?
----------TLC ----------VC ---------RV ----------ERV a. decreased--- increased -----normal -----increased b. decreased ---normal -------decreased --- normal c. increased ----decreased ---increased -----increased d. decreased ---decreased ---decreased ---decreased e. increased---- increased -----increased ---increased |
D
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52. Which of the following volumes or capacities must be measured indirectly?
I. TV II. VC III. IRV IV. IC V. RV a. V b. II, III c. I, II, III d. I, III, V e. I, IV, V |
A
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53. PFTs on a patient reveal the following:
IRV 1,600 ml. VT 500 ml. ERV 1,000 ml. Based on this data, the patient's TLC would be: a. 2,100 ml minus RV b. 2,600 ml plus RV c. 3,100 ml d. 3,100 ml minus RV e. 3,100 ml plus RV |
E
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54. Which of the following laboratory determinations is most likely abnormal in a patient with interstitial pulmonary fibrosis?
a. FEF 25 – 75 b. FEV1/FVC c. FVC d. FEF 200 – 1200 |
C
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55. B in the above diagram is located close to the:
a. peak expiratory flow b. peak inspiratory flow c. expiratory reserve volume d. effort independent portion of the loop e. FEV1 |
B
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56. Residual volume is the volume of gas:
a. that can be maximally exhaled b. remaining in the lungs at the end of a normal exhalation c. remaining in the lungs at the end of a maximum exhalation d. in the lungs following a maximum inspiration e. in the lungs following a normal inspiration |
C
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57. Identify the process in the following graphic:
a. restriction b. asthma with airtrapping c. variable extrathoracic upper airway obstruction d. fixed upper airway obstruction e. poor inspiratory effort |
D
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58. Which of the following PFT values listed is the most reliable indicator of obstructive airways disease?
a. TLC b. FEV1% c. expiratory reserve volume d. FEF 25-75% e. Peak Flow |
B
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