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29 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

The endocrine and nervous system function to achieve and maintain ?

Homeostasis

What two systems work together to perform the same general functions : Communication, Integration, and control?

Nervous and Endocrine (Neuroendocrine system)

In the endocrine system, secreting cells send hormone molecules by way of the blood to specific target cells to...?

specific target cells contained in target tissues or target organs.

carried to almost every point in the body ; can regulate most most cells; effects work more slowly but are longer lasting than those of neurotransmitters.

Hormones

"Ductless glands" -many are made of glandular epithelium whose cells manufacture and secrete hormones; a few endocrine glands are made of neurosecretory tissue

Endocrine Glands

Glands of what system are wide spread throughout the body?

Endocrine

Hormones that target other endocrine glands & stimulate growth and secretion.

Tropic hormones

Hormones that target reproductive tissue

sex hormones

Hormones that stimulate anabolim in target cells...

Anabolic Hormones

Hormones are classified by chemical structure.




1._______


2._______

1.Steroid


2. Non-steroid

1. is synthesized from cholesterol.


2. Lipid-soluble and can easily pass through the phospholipid plasma membrane of target cells.



Steroid hormones

Give 5 examples of steroid hormones.

1. Cortisol


2. Aldosterone


3. Estrogen


4. Progesterone


5. Testosterone

Synthesized primarily from amino acids

Nonsteroid hormones

Name 4 examples of non steroid hormones

1. Protein hormones


2. Glycoprotein hormones


3. Peptide hormones


4. Amino Acid Derivative hormones

Long folded chains of amino acids; e.g. insulin, parathyroid hormone..

Protein hormones

Protein hormones with carbohydrate groups attached to the amino acid chain.

Glycoprotein hormones

Smaller than protein hormones, short chain of amino acids; e.g. oxytocin, anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)

Peptide hormones

each is derived from a single amino acid molecule

Amino Acid Derivative Hormones

Synthesized by modifying a single molecule of tyrosine or tryptophan; produced by neurosecretory cells and by neurons; e.g., Epinephrine, norepinephrine

amine hormones

produced by the thyroid gland

amino acid derivatives

synthesized by adding iodine to tyrosine

amino acid derivatives hormone

signal a cell by binding to the target cell's specific receptors

Hormones

Lock and key mechanism is an example

Hormone

Different hormone-receptor interactions produce different regulatory changes within the target cell through ...

Chemical reactions

Combinations of hormones acting together have a greater effect on a target cell than the sum of the effects that each would have if acting alone.

synergism

When a small amount of one hormone allows a second one to have its full effects on a target cell

Permissiveness

One hormone produces the opposite effects of another hormone; used to 'fine tune' the activity of target cells with great accuracy.

Antagonism

Most hormones have

Primary effects that directly regulate target cells and many secondary effects that influence or modulate other regulatory mechanisms in target cells.

____ Produce more hormone molecules than actually are needed Then the unused hormones are quickly excreted by the kidneys or broken down by metabolic processes

endocrine glands