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23 Cards in this Set
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(Space surveillance 1953-1960) -US NRL scheme measured angles utilizing interference of light waves for precise distance determinations -Chain of nine stations strewn along 75th meridian -Originally designed to track Vanguard satellite and any other satellites that tranmitted the alloted freqs IAW the international agreement on satellite transmitting frequencies -Had difficulty tracking Sputnik due to being on different freq -Could not reliably detect and track uncooperative or passive objects |
Project Minitrack |
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(Space surveillance 1953-1960) -Tracking Camera -Able to track rapidly moving tgts while viewing large swaths of sky -Like Minitrack, provided little real time data -Limited to nighttime, clear weather ops |
Baker-Nunn |
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(Space surveillance 1953-1960) -Amateur science program initiated by Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory in 1956 as part of the International Geophysical Year -A global network of specially designed instruments (including Baker-Nunn cameras) that could track and photograph satellites aided by a corps of volunteer satellite spotters |
Project Moonbeam |
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(Space surveillance 1953-1960) -Implemented by Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), EO50-59 29 Nov 1957, Dr. G.R. Miczaika and Dr. Eberhart Wahl -Mission was to track and compute orbits for all artificial satellites, including US and Soviet payloads, booster rockets, and debris -Started tracking in Jan 1959 with Soviet Luna 1 |
Project Space Track |
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(Space surveillance 1953-1960) -One of military's first tracking assets and was instrumental in the development of our current array of space surv sensors -Final system was comprised of nine field stations, each with bi-static radar pointing straight into space -3 transmitter/6 receiver sites along 33d parallel to make a 5000/2mi "fence" -System eventually became the AF Space Surveillance System in 2004 but closed due to budget issues in 2013 |
NAVSPASUR (US NAVY Space Surveillance System) |
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(Space surveillance 1953-1960) -Dev'd to track Soviet missile tests and to support AF Space Track system |
AN/FPS-17 |
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(Space surveillance 1961-1976) -Provided early warning of an over-the-pole ICBM attack giving 15 minutes of warning and also provided timely & accurate space surveillance data -First operational site at Thule AFB, Greenland -Grew to include Clear AFS & Royal Air Force Fylingdales Moor, England -Used large mechanically steered RADARs |
BMEWS (Ballistic Missile Early Warning System) |
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(Space surveillance 1961-1976) -Limited capabilities of BMEWS sites led to development of this newer system at Cape Cod, MA and Beale AFB, CA -Used phased array radar technology |
PAVE PAWS (PAVE Phased Array Warning System) |
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(Space surveillance 1961-1976) -Employed by 20th Space Control Sq at Eglin -Initially designed to track satellites, new software enabled unit to track SLBMs, which became primary mission -In 1987, the unit returned to its original mission of dedicated space surveillace |
AN/FPS-85 |
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(Space surveillance 1977-1980) -System was the successor to Baker-Nunn camera system -Operates only at night, tracks objects 3K-20K miles away the size of a basketball -Deep STARE (space-Surveillance Tech. Advancement and Replacement for Ebsicons) |
Ground Based Electro Optical Deep Space Surveillance (GEODSS) |
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(Space surveillance today) -RADAR upgrade to BMEWS & PAVEPAWS for the co-primary mission to provide missile tracking data to Missile Defense Agency (MDA) |
UEWR (Ugraded Early Warning System Radar) |
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(Space surveillance today) -Operational Aug 12, 2012 -Improved ability to detect and track objects in orbit -Space Tracking and Surveillance System Advanced Technology Risk Reduction (STSS ATRR) served as pathfinder for prototype sensor technology: transferred to AFSPC in 2011 in the form of (blank) |
SBSS (Space Based Space Surveillance satellite) |
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(Space surveillance today) -Listing of all manmade objects launched into space since Sputnik |
Satellite Catalog (SATCAT) |
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(Missile Warning 1950s - 1960s) This committee, in 1957 determined: -ID lack of warning capes to detect incoming missiles -Determined US was extremely vulnerable to surprise attack -Led to bilateral agreement btw Canada and the US |
Gaither Committee |
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(Missile Warning 1950s - 1960s) -Designed to detect nuclear detonations and rocketlaunches -First satellite with IR payload -Never became operational but proved feasibility of space based missile warning |
MIDAS (Missile Detection Alarm System) |
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(Missile Warning 1970s) -Follow on to MIDAS -Detects missile, space launches and nuclear detonations |
Defense Support Program (DSP) |
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(Missile Warning 1970s) -Originally part of Army's SAFEGUARD Anti-ballistic Missile System -Operational 1 Oct 1975, deactivated next day -Transferred to AF and modified in 1977 for missile warning and space surv -Cavalier AFS |
Perimeter Acquisition Radar Attack Characterization System (PARCS) |
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(Missile Warning 1980s) -List the four original locations for PAVE PAWS |
-Cape Cod AFS -Beale AFB -Robins AFB -Eldorado AFS, TX |
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(Missile Warning 1990s and Beyond) -Follow on to DSP (defense support program) -HEO improves polar coverage -GEO provides greater flexibility and sensitivity than DSP |
SBIRS (Space Based IR System) |
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(Space Command History) -This Command was activated 1 Sep 1982 -Commanded by General James Hartinger -Brought together operators from SAC and AFSC -Peterson AFB, CO is the HQ |
Space Command (AFSPC) |
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(Space Command History) -April 2002, triple hatting of AFSPC as USSPACECOM and NORAD ends -This person became AFSPC's first dedicated four star General |
General Lance Lord |
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(Space Command History) -Sept 2006, 14th AF expanded to joint environment with the activation of (blank) -operates as a branch of USSTRATCOM |
Joint Functional Component Commander for Space (JFCC Space) |
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(Space Command History) -August 2009, AFSPC gained cyberspace operations mission and turns over ICBM mission to AF Global Strike Command in Dec 2009 -Aug 2009, AFSPC activated 24th Air Force at Lackland; NAF for cyberspace mission |
(Space Command History) -August 2009, AFSPC gained cyberspace operations mission and turns over ICBM mission to AF Global Strike Command in Dec 2009 -Aug 2009, AFSPC activated 24th Air Force at Lackland; NAF for cyberspace mission |
