Unit 1 Back Structures Carey

Front 1

ligaments of the vertebral column (6)

Back 1

anterior longitudinal
posterior longitudinal
ligamentum flavum
supraspinous
interspinous
ligamentum nuchae

Front 2

Anterior longitudinal
attachment and function

Back 2

attachments- to anterior surfaces of vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs

function- stabilizes vertebral column and prevents hyperextension

Front 3

Posterior longitudinal
attachment and function

Back 3

attachments- to posterior surfaces of vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs

function- prevents hyperflexion of vertebral column

Front 4

Ligamentum flavum (L. flavus, yellow)
attachment and function

Back 4

attachments- interconnect adjacent laminae

Front 5

Supraspinous
attachment

Back 5

attachments- to apices of spinous processes C7 to sacrum

Front 6

Interspinous
attachment

Back 6

attachments- interconnect adjacent spinous processes

Front 7

Ligamentum nuchae (nape, back of neck)
attachment

Back 7

attachments- from C7 spinous process to external occipital protuberance

Front 8

deep muscles of the back

Back 8

erector spinae
semispinalis
mutifidus and rotatores

Front 9

Erector spinae

Back 9

attachments- from sacrum, lumbar & thoracic supraspinous lig., sacrotuberous lig. to costal angles (iliocostalis), ribs & transverse processes (longissimus), and spinous processes (spinalis)

actions- extension & lateral flexion of the vertebral column
innervation- dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Front 10

Semispinalis (transversospinalis)

Back 10

attachments- from transverse processes to distant superior spinous processes

actions- extension & contralateral rotation of the vertebral column
innervation- dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Front 11

Multifidus and rotatores (transversospinalis)

Back 11

attachments- from transverse process to more superior spinous processes

actions- stabilizes vertebrae, and assists with extension & rotation of the vertebral column
innervation- dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Front 12

Ventral root
function

Back 12

function- carries axons from lower motor neurons (skeletal muscle innervation), preganglionic sympathetic motor neurons (ventral roots T1-L2) and preganglionic parasympathetic motor neurons (ventral roots S2-4)

Front 13

Dorsal root
function

Back 13

function- carries axons from primary sensory neurons innervating skin, fascia, joints, muscles, bones, blood vessels and/or viscera
1. Dorsal root ganglion
function- houses cell bodies of primary sensory neurons

Front 14

Ventral ramus
function-

Back 14

carries axons from primary sensory neurons, lower motor neurons and postganglionic sympathetic neurons (ventral rami S2-4 also carry axons from preganglionic parasympathetic neurons) innervating anterior neck, thoracic wall, abdominal wall, pelvic wall, upper extrmity and lower extremity

Front 15

Dorsal ramus
function-

Back 15

carries axons from primary sensory neurons, lower motor neurons and postganglionic sympathetic neurons innervating posterior neck and back structures (skin, fascia, muscles, ligaments, bones, joints & vessels)

Front 16

Dorsal root ganglion
function-

Back 16

houses cell bodies of primary sensory neurons

Front 17

surface features of the spinal cord

Back 17

1. Cervical enlargement
2. Lumbar enlargement
3. Conus [L. cone] medularis

Front 18

meningeal layers of SC

Back 18

1. Dura [L. hard] mater
2. Arachnoid [G. spider like] mater
3. Pia [L. tender] mater