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57 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Biosphere

a network of all life on earth; commposed of all of the regions of the earth that contain living things

Ecosystem

describes the interrelationship between orgainsms in a community and their physical environments

Biotic Factors

the living things that shape an ecosystem

Abiotic Factors

the non-living things that shape an ecosystem

Community

a group of populations living in the same area

Population

a group of individuals of the same species that are living in the same area

Habitat

the place where an organism lives

Niche

describes all the biotic and abiotic resources in the environment that are used by an organism

Fill Kill

when fish in a water source die in mass because of eutrophication

Eutrophication

occurs when a lot of nutrients are added to the water that is due to pollution

Nutrient Loading

causes algae to grow rapidly on the surface of the water

Food Chain

a linear system that shows how energy moves in an ecosystem

Food Web

composed of all the interconnected and overlapping food chains in an ecosystem

Trophic System

the pattern of feeding relationships consisting of several different levels; determines the flow of energy and routes of elements that are cycled

Trophic Level

the level or position that an organism occupies in a food chain

Primary Consumers

an organism that eats producers

Secondary Consumers

an organism that eats primary consumers

Tertiary Consumers

an organism that eats secondary consumers

Interdependence

populations of organisms within an ecosystem can influence each other through their interactions and relationships


Predation


when one organism feeds on another

Symbolism

when two species live together in close contact during a portion of their lives

Mutualism

both species benefit

Commensalism

one species benefits, the other is neither harmed nor benefits from the symbiosis

Parasitism

one species benefits, the other species is unharmed

Biotic Potential

maximum growth rate

Growth Rate

the rate at which a population grows

Birth Rate

the rate of births in a certain time period

Death Rate

the rate at which organisms die

Positive Slope

indicates the increase in population size

Negative Slope

indicates the decrease in population size

Direct Relationship

when two variables of a graph increase or decrease together with population

Inverse Relationship

when two variables of a graph increase or decrease separatly

10% Rule

only 10% of the energy is passed on from one trophic level to the other

Biomagnification

the higher up the pyramid the higher the level of toxins

Carrying Capacity

the maximum number of individuals of a population that can be sustained by a particular habitat

Limited Resources

when there is not enough resources for every individual

Limiting Factors

the things that prevent a population from growing as fast as it can

Population Density

the number of individuals living in a given area

Density Dependent Factors

those that depend on population density


Ex. resources

Density Independent Factors

those that do not depend on population density


Ex. natural disasters



Metabolism

all the important reactions that happen in our body that keeps us alive

Reactions

a chemical process where one set of substances is turned into another set of substances

Catabolic

larger compounds are broken down into smaller compounds or elements to release energy

Anabolic

smaller compounds are combined to form larger and more complex compounds; they require energy and are used to store energy

Stomata

little openings in the leaves that control how the plant takes in or releases gases like carbon dioxide

Cellular Respiration

has three steps


Glycolysis- anaerobic in the cytosol, glucose = pyruvate. makes 2 ATP




Kreb's Cycle- aerobic, acetyl = carbon. makes 2 ATP




Electron Transport Cycle- aerobic; 32-34 ATP and water

Aerobic

form of cellular respiration; with oxygen;

Anaerobic

form of cellular respiration; without energy; prokaryote cells

Biogeochemical pathways

any of the natural pathways that circulate essential elements of matter



Biogeochemical cycles

diagrammed as food webs


Ex. carbon cycle, water cycle, oxygen cycle, nitrogen cycle

Precise

measurements are very close to each other and repeatable

Accurate

measurements are very close to the true value

Valid

both accurate and precise

Independent Variable

the variable that the scientist intentionally changes in an experiment

Dependent Variable

the variable that is changed at the end of the experiment

Constant or Controlled Variable

the variable that remains the same throught the experiment

Control

the normal group or trial