Unit 1

Front 1

adenosine diphosphate

Back 1

an organic compound in metabolism that functions in the transfer of energy during the catabolism of glucose, formed by the removal of a phosphate molecule from adensosine triphosphate and composed of adenosine, ribose, and two phosphate groups.

Front 2

adenosine triphosphate

Back 2

an organic compound found in muscle which, upon being broken down enzymatically, yields energy for muscle contraction.

Front 3

amino acid

Back 3

the building blocks of protein. there are 24 amino acids, which form countless numbers of different proteins.

Front 4

anabolism

Back 4

the building up in the body of complex chemical compounds from simpler compounds

Hint 4

amino acids ➡proteins

Front 5

anaerobic threshold

Back 5

the point where increasing energy demands of exercise cannot be met by the use of oxygen, and oxygen debt begins to be incurred.

Front 6

ATP/CP pathway

Back 6

ATP and CP provide anaerobic sources of phosphate-bond energy. the energy liberated from hydrolysis (splitting) of CP re-bounds ADP and Pi to form ATP.

Front 7

basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Back 7

the minimal energy required to maintain the body's life function at rest

Front 8

beta oxidation

Back 8

a series of reactions in which fatty acids are broken down.

Front 9

branched-chained amino acids (BCAAs)

Back 9

the amino acid L-leucine, L-isoleucine, and L-valine, which have a particular molecule structure that gives them their name and comprises 35 percent of muscle tissue. they help increase work capacity by stimulating production of insulin. they are burned as fuel during highly intense training and at the end of long-distance events.

Front 10

calorie

Back 10

a unit of heat... the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water 1 degree Celsius at 1 atmosphere. 1 Calorie=1000 calories or 1 kilocalorie

Front 11

catabolism

Back 11

thd breaking down in the body of complex chemical compounds into simpler ones

Hint 11

proteins ➡amino acids

Front 12

creatine phosphate (CP)

Back 12

a high-energy phosphate molecule that is stored in cells and can be used to immediately resynthesize ATP.

Front 13

electron transport chain

Back 13

the passing of electrons over a membrane, aiding in reaction to recover free energy for the synthesis of ATP.

Front 14

fatty acids

Back 14

any large group of monobasic acids, especially those found in animal and vegitable fats and oils.

Front 15

gluconeogenesis

Back 15

chemical process that converts lactate and pyruvate back to glucose.

Front 16

glucose

Back 16

principal circulating sugar in the blood and major energy source of the body.

Front 17

glycotic pathway

Back 17

a metabolic process in which glucose is broken down to produce energy anaerobically.

Front 18

homeostasis

Back 18

the automatic tendency to maintain a relatively constant internal environment.

Front 19

ketone bodies

Back 19

bodies produced as intermediate products of fat metabolism.

Front 20

kilocalorie

Back 20

a unit of measurement that equals to 1000 calories, or 1 Calorie. Used i metabolic studies.

Hint 20

used in nutrition to express the fuel (energy) value of food.

Front 21

Krebs cycle

Back 21

citric acid cycle; a set of 8 reactions, arranged in a cycle, in which free energy is recovered in the form of ATP.

Front 22

lactid acid

Back 22

a by-product of glucose and glycogen metabolism in anaerobic muscle energetics.

Front 23

maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max)

Back 23

the highest rate of oxygen consumption which a person is capable.

Front 24

metabolic set point

Back 24

the base rate of metabolism that the body seeks to maintain, resulting in basal metabolic rate

Front 25

metabolism

Back 25

the total of all the chemical and physical process by which the body builds and maintains itself (anabolism) and by which it breaks down its substances for the production of energy (catabolism).

Front 26

oxidation

Back 26

the chemical act of combining with oxygen or of removing hydrogen.

Front 27

oxidative pathway

Back 27

a metabolic process in which oxygen combines with latic acis, resynthesizing glycogen to produce oxygen aerobically.

Front 28

pyruvate

Back 28

a byproduct of glycolysis

Front 29

respiratory quotient (RQ)

Back 29

a method of determining the "fuel mix" being used, giving us a way to measure the relative amounts of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins being burned for energy.

Front 30

resting metabolic rate

Back 30

the amount of energy (calories) required to efficiently perform vital bodily functions such as respiration, organ function, and heart rate while the body is awake, but at rest.

Front 31

thermic effect

Back 31

the heat liberated from a particular food; it is a measure of its energy content and its tendency to be burned as heat . this process of heat liberation is also referred to as "thermogensis"

Front 32

training effect

Back 32

an increase in functional capacity if musclea and othe bodily tissuea as a result of increased stress (overload) placed upon them.

Front 33

type II MUSCLE FIBERS

Back 33

Muscle fiber that contracts quickly and is used mostly in intensive, short duration exercise.

Hint 33

fast twitch (strength/ anaerobic)

Front 34

type I muscle fibers

Back 34

a muscle fiber characterized by its slow speed of contraction and a high capacity for aerobic glycolysis.

Hint 34

slow twitch (cardio/ aerobic)