Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
What is "original sin?" |
Children are born inherently evil. |
|
|
|
When did "original sin" originate? |
Middle Ages |
|
|
|
What was the parental role in relation to "original sin?" |
To remove sin from their lives in order to give them salvation. |
|
|
|
Who came up with the concept of "Tabula Rasa?" When? |
John Locke, late 1600s |
|
|
|
What does "Tabula Rasa" mean? |
Humans are born as blank slates. |
|
|
|
If we are born as blank slates, what shapes us? |
Our experiences |
|
|
|
Who came up with the concept of "Innate Goodness?" When? |
Jean-Jacque Rousseau, 1700s |
|
|
|
What does "Innate Goodness" claim? |
Humans are born good, and should be allowed to grow "naturally." |
|
|
|
How do the stages of growth/development occur? |
In an orderly sequence, with each stage building on the previous. |
Sit, crawl, walk, run |
|
|
If everyone develops in the same order, what differentiates each process? |
The rate |
|
|
|
What does development consist of? (How is it multidimensional?) |
Biological, cognitive, and socio-emotional components. |
|
|
|
How is development "plastic?" (Example) |
Can you teach an old dog new tricks? Yes, but there are limitations. |
|
|
|
What is "plastic?" |
The degree to which a characteristic changes/remains stable. |
|
|
|
How is development contextual? |
The individual responds to/acts of his/her context. |
|
|
|
What is "context?" |
The setting in which the development occurs. |
|
|
|
What is "context" influenced by? |
Historical, economic, social, and cultural factors. |
|
|
|
What is the "Id's" function? |
Instincts, wants to do |
|
|
|
What is the "Ego's" function? |
Reality, will do |
|
|
|
What is the "Superego's" function? |
Morality, should do |
|
|
|
When is the "Oral" Stage? |
0-18 months |
|
|
|
What is the source of conflict for the "Oral" Stage? |
Breastfeeding |
|
|
|
What are some resulting problems for Oral Fixations? |
Verbally abusive, smoking, dependent |
|
|
|
When is the "Anal" Stage? |
18 months to 3 |
|
|
|
What is the source of conflict for the "Anal" Stage? |
Toilet training |
|
|
|
What is Anal Retentive? |
Stingy, compulsive seeking of order and tidiness, stubborn, perfectionist |
|
|
|
What is Anal Expulsive? |
Lack of self control, messy, careless |
|
|
|
When is the "Phallic" Stage? |
3-7 |
|
|
|
What stage does the "Superego" develop? |
Phallic Stage |
|
|
|
What is the source if conflict for the "Phallic" Stage? |
Unconscious desires due to unusual relationship with parents. |
|
|
|
What is the "Oedipus Complex?" |
Dad is a rival, fears he will punish by castration. |
|
|
|
What is the "Electra Complex?" |
Hostile towards mom, feels as though they have been castrated, penis envy |
|
|
|
What are some resulting problems for the "Phallic" Stage? |
Inferiority, sexual anxiety, impotence |
|
|
|
When is the "Latency" Stage? |
8-12 |
|
|
|
What is the source of conflict for the "Latency" Stage? |
Sexual urges are repressed |
|
|
|
When is the "Genital" Stage? |
12-18 |
|
|
|
What is the source of conflict for the "Genital" Stage? |
Sexual reawakening |
|
|
|
What is "Denial?" |
Blocking the traumatic experience from consciousness. |
|
|
|
What is an example of "Denial?" |
A smoker denying that smoking is harmful. |
|
|
|
What is "Repression?" |
Not being able to recall the original traumatic experience. |
|
|
|
What is an example of "Repression?" |
Having a fear of spiders and not knowing the origination. |
|
|
|
What is "Displacement?" |
An impulse redirected at another target. |
|
|
|
What is an example of "Displacement?" |
Being frustrated at your boss and later kicking your dog. |
|
|
|
What is "Projection?" |
One sees their own unacceptable desires in others. |
|
|
|
What is an example of "Projection?" |
Seeing aggression in someone else while you have it yourself. |
|
|
|
What is "Rationalization?" |
Providing excuses to a harsh situation. |
|
|
|
What is an example of "Rationalization?" |
We are all going to die so smoking does not matter. |
|
|
|
What is "Sublimation?" |
Changing unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable behaviour. |
|
|
|
What is an example of "Sublimation?" |
Someone with aggression becoming a butcher or football player. |
|
|
|
What is "Asceticism?" |
Denying desires because they feel threatened by them. |
|
|
|
What is an example of "Asceticism?" |
Anorexia |
|
|
|
What is "Reaction Formation?" |
Doing/believing the opposite |
|
|
|
What is an example of "Reaction Formation?" |
An abused child running to an abusive parent. |
|
|
|
What is "Regression?" |
Reverting to child like behaviour when stressed. |
|
|
|
What is an example of "Regression?" |
Crying, fetal position, tantrums |
|
|
|
What is "Accommodation?" |
When individuals adjust to new information into their existing knowledge. |
|
|
|
What is "Assimilation?" |
When individuals incorporate new information. |
|
|
|
When is the "Sensorimotor Stage?" |
Birth-18 months/2 years |
|
|
|
How do infants learn in the "Sensorimotor Stage?" |
Through senses and motor skills. |
|
|
|
When is the "Preoperational Stage?" |
2-7 |
|
|
|
How do kids learn in the "Preoperational Stage?" |
Pretend play, symbolic representation |
|
|
|
When is the "Concrete Operational Stage?" |
7-11 |
|
|
|
How do kids learn in the "Concrete Operational Stage?" |
Logical thinking |
|
|
|
When is the "Formal Operational Stage?" |
11+ |
|
|
|
How do individuals learn in the "Formal Operational Stage?" |
Cognitive development reaches peak, capable of abstract thought. |
|
|
|
What is "Object Permanence?" |
Objects continue to exist outside sensory awareness |
Sensorimotor Stage |
|
|
What is "Egocentrism?" |
The inability to take the perspective if another person |
Preoperational Reasoning |
|
|
What is "Conservation?" |
Change in size/shape does not change mass. |
Concrete Operational Reasoning |
