Unit 1

Front 1

historiography

Back 1

two historians using the same facts may come to two different interpretations of a historical event

Front 2

primary source

Back 2

a source from the time period under study

Front 3

secondary source

Back 3

a source created after the time period

Front 4

historical causation

Back 4

the ability to identify, analyze, and evaluate multiple cause-and-effect relationships in a historical context, distinguishing between the long-term and the proximate

Front 5

change and continuity

Back 5

the ability to identify, analyze, and evaluate the dynamics of historical continuity and change over periods of time of varying lengths, as well as relating these patterns to larger historical processes or themes

Front 6

periodization

Back 6

the ability to identify, analyze, evaluate, and construct models of historical periodization that historians use to categorize events into discrete blocks and to identify turning points

Front 7

comparison

Back 7

similarities & differences, cause & effect, etc.
can be on the perspectives and on the events

Front 8

contextualization

Back 8

connecting historical developments to specific circumstances in time and place, and to border regional, national or global processes

Front 9

presentism

Back 9

historians whose present-day concerns influence the way they study and write about the past

Front 10

agency

Back 10

the ability to exert some control over one's own life or surroundings

Front 11

determinism

Back 11

the doctrine that the course of history is determined by material or spiritual forces that are not open to human volition or change

Front 12

Marxist v. Maxian

Back 12

Marxism: belief that human history is dominated by different forms of class struggle and that the best way to understand historical change is to start by studying who controls the economy and how the economy operates
Maxian:a historian or theorist with some Marxist intellectual traits, but without the political ideology of a full-fledged Marxist

Front 13

Progressive school

Back 13

a collection of reforms designed to adjust to changes brought on by industrial urbanization
rise of the social sciences- economics, sociology, psychology, etc.- as separate fields of study
stressed differences between competing groups or classes

Front 14

Consensus school

Back 14

throwback to the traditional history writing of the previous century, but also reflected the recent emergence of the United States as a global superpower
rejected much of the periodization of American history, and studied ideas that crossed over the typical political periods

Front 15

New Left school

Back 15

seeming reemergence of conflict in current events simulated a reexamination of conflict in American history
demand the inclusion of those features of our history that explain how we came to be a violent, racist, repressive society
fed by civil rights struggles, emphasis on pluralism (the existence of many different peoples, ethic groups, and races)

Front 16

Neo-Conservative school

Back 16

simple re-assertion of consensus historiography, traditional American values, viewing the US as a uniquely moral, stable country
unity is valued over pluralism
somewhat divided over the proper role of the Federal government

Front 17

maize

Back 17

a type of corn, maize kernels were used in cooking as a starch, from North American and transferred to Europe in Columbian Exchange

Front 18

encomienda

Back 18

royal grants that gave them legal control of the labor of the native population

Front 19

Columbian Exchange

Back 19

the food products of the Western Hemisphere-esp. maize, potatoes, manioc, sweet potatoes, and tomatoes- were transferred to the peoples of other continents, along with diseases and slaves

Front 20

caste system

Back 20

elaborate race-based social classes

Front 21

predestination

Back 21

the idea that God chooses certain people for salvation before they are born and condemn the rest to eternal damnation

Front 22

Calvinism

Back 22

preachings of John Calvin, believed in predestination, human weakness, eliminated bishops and placed spiritual power in the hands of ministers who ruled the city and were chosen by the congregation

Front 23

mercantilism

Back 23

state-assisted manufacturing and trade

Front 24

indenture

Back 24

a contract in which the individual agreed to work without wages for four or five years in exchange for passage to American and room and board for the term of the contract

Front 25

Popé

Back 25

Indian shaman and lead the different Native American tribes in the Pueblo Revolt

Front 26

Pueblo Revolt

Back 26

Different Native American tribes launched a massive attack on the same day, allowed to maintain way of life and drove out the Spanish completely for 12 years

Front 27

Jamestown

Back 27

English settlement, ill equipped to deal with new environment, all men, died off very quickly, verge of becoming a settler colony when House of Burgesses granted land ownership, self-government, and a judicial syastem

Front 28

tobacco

Back 28

in Maryland and Virginia, tobacco was the basis of the economy

Front 29

Opechancanough

Back 29

Indian ruler in Indian Revolt of 1622

Front 30

Lord Baltimore

Back 30

One of the founders of Maryland, Catholic, many artisans, protected Protestants

Front 31

Toleration Act (1649)

Back 31

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Front 32

malaria

Back 32

disease from Africa received from mosquitos

Front 33

Governor William Berkley

Back 33

first governor of Virginia,

Front 34

Nathaniel Bacon

Back 34

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Front 35

Bacon's Rebellion

Back 35

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Front 36

the Pilgrims

Back 36

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Front 37

Massachusetts Bay Colony

Back 37

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Front 38

joint-stock corporation

Back 38

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Front 39

the Puritans

Back 39

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Front 40

Roger Williams

Back 40

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Front 41

Rhode Island

Back 41

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Front 42

Anne Hutchinson

Back 42

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Front 43

town meeting

Back 43

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Front 44

John Eliot

Back 44

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Front 45

praying towns

Back 45

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Front 46

King Philip

Back 46

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Front 47

Metacom's Rebellion

Back 47

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