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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Primary Objectives of Mental Health
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Promote
Prevent Treatment Restoration of Health |
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Stress
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An individual's reaction to ANY CHANGE that requires an adjustment or response
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The stress response initiates..
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Fight or Flight
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Fight or Flight
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Stabilizes internal biological processes and
Preserves self-esteem |
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Stress (definition)
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a relationship between the client and the environment that is appraised by the person as taxing or exceeding resources and endangering well-being
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Adaptation (definition)
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responses directed at stabilizing internal biological processes and the preserving of self-esteem: seen as positive and healthy
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Chronic fight or flight stress response for extended periods
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DISEASE
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Stress Management
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the use of coping strategies in the response to stressful situations
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Adaptive coping strategies
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PROTECT the individual from harm and
RESTORE physical and psychological homeostasis |
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Effective Mental Health
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Prevention and Promotion
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Mental Illness
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Clinically significant behavioral or psychological syndrome or pattern that occurs in a person;
NOT an expected response to a particular event |
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Must have these two elements to be associated with Mental Illness
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Incomprehensibility and Cultural Relativity
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Peplau's 4 levels of ANXIETY
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Mild
Moderate Severe Panic |
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Mild Anxiety
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learning enhanced. Dealt with using Coping Mechanisms
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Coping Mechanisms
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Sleeping, Eating, Yawning, Drinking, Exercise, Smoking, Crying, Pacing, Laughing, Talking it out with someone, etc.
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Moderate Anxiety
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Diminished perceptual field. Use Ego Defense Mechanisms and have psychophysiological responses.
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Ego Defense Mechanisms
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Compensation, Denial, Displacement, Identification, Isolation, Projection, Rationalization, Regression, Repression, Sublimation, Suppression, Undoing
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Compensation
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= Covering up a real or perceived weakness by emphasizing a trait one considers more desirable
ie. Can't play football so you become great at music |
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Denial
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= Refusing to acknowledge the existence of a real situation or the feelings associated with it
ie. failing to acknowledge alcoholism |
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Displacement
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= The transfer of feelings from one target to another that is considered less threatening or that is neutral
ie. Angry with husband, takes it out on patient |
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Identification
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= An attempt to increase self-worth by acquiring certain attributes and characteristics of an individual one admires
ie. A teenager who requires lengthy rehab decides to become a physical therapist as a result of experience |
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Intellectualization
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= An attempt to avoid expressing actual emotions associated with a stressful situation by using the intellectual processes of logic, reasoning, and analysis
ie. Hiding anxiety by explaining advantages of moving |
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Introjection
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= Integrating the beliefs and values of another individual into one's own ego structure
ie. Child integrates his parent's values into his process of conscience formation "Don't cheat" |
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Rationalization
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= Attempting to make excuses or formulate logical reasons to justify unacceptable feelings or behaviors
ie. "I drink because it's the only way I can deal with my bad job" |
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Reaction Formation
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= Preventing unacceptable or undesirable thoughts or behaviors from being expressed by exaggerating opposite thoughts or behaviors
ie. Doing the opposite of what you think. Eating somewhere you don't want to because your peers want to eat there |
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Regression
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= Retreating in response to stress to an earlier level of development and the comfort measures associated with that level of functioning
ie. An adult throwing a temper-tantrum or a two year old going back to drinking out of a bottle |
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Repression
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= Involuntarily blocking unpleasant feelings and experiences from one's awareness
ie. Remembering nothing from a previous accident |
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Sublimation
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= Rechanneling of drives or impulses that are personally or socially unacceptable into activities that are constructive
ie. A mother's son was kiled by a drunk driver, so she channels her anger into becoming the president of Mother's Against Drunk Drivers |
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Suppression
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= The voluntary blocking of unpleasant feelings and experiences from one's awareness
ie. "I don't want to talk about that right now" |
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Isolation
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= Separating a thought or memory from the feeling from the feeling tone, or emotion associated with it
ie. A young woman describes being attacked without showing any emotion |
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Projection
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= attributing feelings or impulses unacceptable to one's self to another person
ie. Sue feels a strong attraction to her track coach and tells her friend "he is coming on to me" |
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Undoing
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= Symbolically negating or canceling out an experience that one finds intolerable
ie. A parent beating the child, then buying them a present the next day |
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Psychophysiological Responses
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Headaches, Anorexia, Arthritis, Colitis, Ulcers, Asthma, Pain, Cancer, CHD, Sexual Dysfunction
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Severe Anxiety
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Decreased concentration. With Psychoneurotic Responses
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Psychoneurotic Responses
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Phobias, Obsessions, Compulsions, Hypochondrias, Conversion Disorders, Multiple Personalities, Amnesia, Fugue (Somatoform, Dissociative Disorders)
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Panic Anxiety/ Attacks
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Altered reality and misperceptions. Psychotic Responses
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Psychotic Responses
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(Psychosis) Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective disorder, Delusional disorders
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Adaptive Response
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mental health
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Maladaptive Response
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Mental Illness
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Elisabeth Kubler-Ross' 5 Stages of Grief
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Denial
Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance *A person may get stuck in any of these stages |
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Prolonged Grief Response
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an intense preoccupation with memories of the lost entity for many years after the loss has occurred
ie. A widow of 23 years has not removed any of her husbands possessions |
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Delayed/ Inhibited Grief Response
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The individual becomes fixed in the denial stage of the grieving process. Anxiety, Sleeping, or Eating Disorders may be present.
May be triggered by a reminder of the loss or another unrelated loss. |
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Distorted Response
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Fixed in the Anger stage of the grieving process. Person projects exaggerated normal behaviors like helplessness, hopelessness, sadness, anger, and guilt
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Axis I
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Clinical Disorders and other conditions that may be a focus of clinical attention (Mental Disorders) EXCEPT personality disorders and mental retardation
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Axis II
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Personality Disorders and mental retardation. Childhood Disorders
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Axis III
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General medical conditions relevant to the mental disorder
ie. Diabetes or CVD |
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Axis IV
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Psychosocial and environmental problems
ie. divorces, unemployed, separated |
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Axis V
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Global assessment of functioning rated on the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) Scale
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Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) Scale
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measures an individual's psychological, social, and occupational functioning
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Personality Traits
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= enduring patterns of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and oneself that are exhibited in a wide range of social and personal contexts
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Personality Traits influence...
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cognitive, affective, and behavioral patterns of humans
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Life- Cycle developmentalists believe this...
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People continue to develop and change throughout life, thereby suggesting the possibility for renewal and growth in adults
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Life Cycle Stages are...
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Identified by age
Capable of overlapping One can correct something that was missed in a later stage, or get stuck in a particular stage. |
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Trust vs. Mistrust
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Infancy (Birth- 18m)
Develop a basic trust in the mothering figure and learn to generalize it to others |
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Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
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Early Childhood (18m- 3y)
Gain some self-control and independence within the environment |
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Initiative Vs. Guilt
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Late Childhood (3-6y)
Develop a sense of purpose and the ability to initiate and direct own activities |
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Industry Vs. Inferiority
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School Age (6-12y)
Achieve a sense of self-confidence by learning, competing, performing successfully, and receiving recognition from significant others, peers, and acquaintances |
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Identity Vs. Role Confusion
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Adolescence (12-20y)
Integrate the tasks mastered in the previous stages into a secure sense of self |
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Intimacy Vs. Isolation
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Young Adulthood (20-30y)
Form an intense, lasting relationship or a commitment to another person, cause, institution, or creative effort |
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Generativity Vs. Stagnation
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Adulthood (30-65y)
Achieve the life goals established for oneself, while also considering the welfare of future generations |
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Ego Integrity Vs. Despair
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Old Age (65y- death)
Review one's life and derive meaning from both positive and negative events, while achieving a positive sense of self-worth |
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Erikson's Stages of Development
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Trust Vs. Mistrust
Autonomy Vs. Shame and Doubt Initiative Vs Guilt Industry Vs. Inferiority Identity Vs. Role Confusion Intimacy Vs. Isolation Generativity Vs. Stagnation Ego Integrity Vs. Despair |
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Behavioral Theorists
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Focus on actions instead of thoughts and feelings. Include Positive Reinforcement
Ie. Skinner, Bandura and Walters |
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Cognitive Theorists
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Emphasize on mental processes that influence emotional and behavioral responses. Focuses more on thoughts. It is here we begin to look at coping mechanisms.
Ie. Aaron Beck and Jean Piaget |
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Model of Psychodynamic Nursing
Associated with Hildegard Peplau |
-Involvement of the nurse and client that is mutually beneficial.
-The Relationship can help progress personality development. - Nurse acts as resource person, counselor, teacher, leader, technical expert, surrogate. |
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Phases of the Nurse/Client Relationship
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Orientation
Identification Exploitation Resolution |
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Hildegard Peplau's Psychological Tasks of Personality Development
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Learning to count on others
Learning to delay satisfaction Identifying oneself Developing skills in participation |
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Key to help client cope
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Helping clients improve their problem-solving skills. Avoid teaching solutions. Instead help THE CLIENT recognize.
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