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528 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the Brand name of Atropine?
|
Atro-Pen
|
|
How is Atropine typically supplied (concentration)?
|
0.4 mg/ml OR 1 mg/ml
|
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The usual dose of Atropine is?
|
0.01 - 0.02 mg/kg OR 0.5-1 mg
|
|
What is the time to onset of Atropine?
|
1 minute
|
|
What is the time to peak of Atropine?
|
2 minutes
|
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What is the duration of Atropine?
|
1-4 hrs
|
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How is Atropine metabolized?
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50-75% liver
|
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What receptors does Atropine act on?
|
Muscarinic blocker
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What drug class is Atropine in?
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Anticholinergic
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What is the mechanism of action of Atropine?
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competitively blocks binding of acetylcholine and prevents receptor activation
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What patients would you not give Atropine to?
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caution in narrow angle glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, bladder neck onstruction
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Does Atropine cross the blood brain barrier?
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Yes, it is a tertiary ammonium
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What is the Brand name of Scopalomine?
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Hyoscine
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How is Scopalomine typically supplied (concentration)?
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0.3mg/ml, 0.4mg/ml, 1mg/ml
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The usual dose of Scopalomine is?
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0.3-0.6mg IV
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What is the time to onset of Scopalomine?
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10 minutes
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What is the time to peak of Scopalomine?
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50-80 minutes
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What is the duration of Scopalomine?
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2 hours
|
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How is Scopalomine metabolized?
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hepatic metabolism, renal elimination
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What receptors does Scopalomine act on?
|
muscarinic
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What drug class is Scopalomine in?
|
anticholinergic, antiemetic
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What is the mechanism of action of Scopalomine?
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peripheral and central cholinergic (muscarinic) antagonist, antisialagogue, histamine and serotonin antagonist
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What patients would you not give Scopalomine to?
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obstetrics- crosses placenta- tertiary amine
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What patients might you give Scopolamine to?
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Unstable trauma patients that are too sick for GA
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What is the Brand name of Glycopyrrolate?
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Robinul
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How is Glycopyrrolate typically supplied (concentration)?
|
0.2 mg/ml for injection
|
|
The usual dose of Glycopyrrolate is?
|
Premedication 0.1-0.2mg / Reversal 0.2mg per 1mg Neostigmine (1ml/1ml)
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What is the time to onset of Glycopyrrolate?
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<1 min
|
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What is the time to peak of Glycopyrrolate?
|
5 minutes
|
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What is the duration of Glycopyrrolate?
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2-3 hours
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How is Glycopyrrolate metabolized?
|
hepatic
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What receptors does Glycopyrrolate act on?
|
muscarinic cholinergic receptors
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What drug class is Glycopyrrolate in?
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anticholinergic
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What is the mechanism of action of Glycopyrrolate?
|
reversibly blocks muscarinic cholinergic receptors causing increase HR decreased secreations
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What patients would you not give Glycopyrrolate to?
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Tachycardia, narrow angle glaucoma, prostate hypertrophy, bladder neck obstruction
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What is the Brand name of Esmolol?
|
Brevibloc
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How is Esmolol typically supplied (concentration)?
|
10mg/ml
|
|
The usual dose of Esmolol is?
|
0.2-0.5mg/kg
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|
What is the time to onset of Esmolol?
|
1-2 mins
|
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What is the time to peak of Esmolol?
|
5 minutes
|
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What is the duration of Esmolol?
|
10-20 mins
|
|
How is Esmolol metabolized?
|
In the plasma by Ester hydrolysis
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What receptors does Esmolol act on?
|
Beta 1 adrenergic receptor
|
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What drug class is Esmolol in?
|
Beta blocker
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|
What is the mechanism of action of Esmolol?
|
Cardio selective beta 1 antagonist
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What patients would you not give Esmolol to?
|
Bradycardia, 2nd or 3rd degree AV block
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What is the Brand name of Hydralazine?
|
Apresoline
|
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How is Hydralazine typically supplied (concentration)?
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20mg/ml
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|
The usual dose of Hydralazine is?
|
2.5-40mg (0.1-0.2 mg/kg)
|
|
What is the time to onset of Hydralazine?
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IV 5- 20 Mins
|
|
What is the time to peak of Hydralazine?
|
IV 10-80mins
|
|
What is the duration of Hydralazine?
|
2-4 hours ( so be cautious with dosing)
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|
How is Hydralazine metabolized?
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Hepatic
|
|
What receptors does Hydralazine act on?
|
unknown ( Nagelhout)
|
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What drug class is Hydralazine in?
|
Peripheral Vasodilator
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of Hydralazine?
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Direct relaxant effect on arteriolar smooth muscle (interference with Ca Ion transport)
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What patients would you not give Hydralazine to?
|
Tachycardiac pt's 2t reflexive tachycardia,
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What is the Brand name of Labetalol?
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Trandate; Normodyne
|
|
How is Labetalol typically supplied (concentration)?
|
5 mg/mL (comes in 20 mg Carpuject, 100 mg and 200 mg multi-dose vials)
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|
The usual dose of Labetalol is?
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20 mg over 2 min. Then 20-80 mg q 10 min until desired BP is achieved. Max 300 mg. Peds:0.4-1 mg/kg/hr IV infusion for HTN crisis
|
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What is the time to onset of Labetalol?
|
2-5 min
|
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What is the time to peak of Labetalol?
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5-15 min
|
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What is the duration of Labetalol?
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2-4 hours
|
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How is Labetalol metabolized?
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Hepatic
|
|
What receptors does Labetalol act on?
|
selective alpha-1 and non-selective beta-1 and 2 antagonist
|
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What drug class is Labetalol in?
|
Beta-blocker (mixed alpha/beta adrenergic antagonist)
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of Labetalol?
|
Selectively antagonizes alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. Antagonizes beta-1 and 2 receptors
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What patients would you not give Labetalol to?
|
Asthma, CHF, any degree of heart block, bradycardia, cardiogenic shock
|
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What are some clinical uses for Labetalol?
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Pregnancy induced hypertension, hypertensive crisis, and controlled hypotension during anesthesia
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What is the Brand name of Droperidol?
|
Inapsine
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How is Droperidol typically supplied (concentration)?
|
2.5mg/mL
|
|
The usual dose of Droperidol is?
|
PONV: 0.625-2.5 mg
|
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What is the time to onset of Droperidol?
|
1-2 min
|
|
What is the time to peak of Droperidol?
|
30 min
|
|
What is the duration of Droperidol?
|
2-4 hrs
|
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How is Droperidol metabolized?
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Hepatic, renal
|
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What receptors does Droperidol act on?
|
Primarily dopamine receptors in CNS
|
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What drug class is Droperidol in?
|
antiemetic, neuroleptic
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What is the mechanism of action of Droperidol?
|
Sedation produced by effects on dopamine, GABA and serotonin receptors in CNS; antiemetic effects produced by blockade in the CTZ
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What patients would you not give Droperidol to?
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DON'T give to: parkinson's pts; also potentiates other CNS depressants
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What is the Brand name of Ranitidine?
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Zantac
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How is Ranitidine typically supplied (concentration)?
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25 mg/mL
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The usual dose of Ranitidine is?
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50mg IV (dilute in 20mL)
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What is the time to onset of Ranitidine?
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<15 min
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What is the time to peak of Ranitidine?
|
1-2 hrs
|
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What is the duration of Ranitidine?
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6-8 hrs
|
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How is Ranitidine metabolized?
|
Hepatic; 70% renal unchnged
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What receptors does Ranitidine act on?
|
H2 receptor
|
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What drug class is Ranitidine in?
|
H2 receptor antagonist
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What is the mechanism of action of Ranitidine?
|
competitively antagonizes H2 receptors, inhibiting secretion of hydrogen ions by gastric parietal cells
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What patients would you not give Ranitidine to?
|
Dose should be reduced by 50% with renal failure
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What is the Brand name of Ondansetron?
|
Zofran
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How is Ondansetron typically supplied (concentration)?
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2mg/ml
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The usual dose of Ondansetron is?
|
4mg; peds 0.15mg/kg
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What is the time to onset of Ondansetron?
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< 30 sec
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What is the time to peak of Ondansetron?
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Variable
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What is the duration of Ondansetron?
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12-24 hrs
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How is Ondansetron metabolized?
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Hepatic
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What receptors does Ondansetron act on?
|
Serotonin 5-HT3 receptors
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What drug class is Ondansetron in?
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Antiemetic
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What is the mechanism of action of Ondansetron?
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Antagonizes serotonin (5-HT3) receptor on vagal nerve terminals and central chemoreceptor trigger zone
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Is Ondansetron for the treatment or prevention of N/V?
|
Prevention (per package insert... written by McD... pimp question?!?!)
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What is the Brand name of Dexamethasone?
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Decadron
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How is Dexamethasone typically supplied (concentration)?
|
4mg/ml
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The usual dose of Dexamethasone is?
|
5-20mg
|
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What is the time to onset of Dexamethasone?
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<1 min
|
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What is the time to peak of Dexamethasone?
|
12-24 hours
|
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What is the duration of Dexamethasone?
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~24-48 hrs
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How is Dexamethasone metabolized?
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Hepatic
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What receptors does Dexamethasone act on?
|
Glucocorticoid receptors
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What drug class is Dexamethasone in?
|
Glucocorticoid
|
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What is the mechanism of action of Dexamethasone?
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for antiemesis: not completely understood
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What patients would you not give Dexamethasone to?
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possibly diabetics, immunocompromised
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Is dexamethasone generally used alone for PONV?
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No, more commonly used with other antiemetics
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What is the Brand name of Metoclopramide?
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Reglan
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How is Metoclopramide typically supplied (concentration)?
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5 mg/mL, 10 mg/mL
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The usual dose of Metoclopramide is?
|
10 mg IV
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What is the time to onset of Metoclopramide?
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1-3 min
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What is the time to peak of Metoclopramide?
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< 1 hr
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What is the duration of Metoclopramide?
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1-2 hr
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How is Metoclopramide metabolized?
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Minimally metabolized, excreted in urine and feces
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What receptors does Metoclopramide act on?
|
Dopamine receptors in the stomach and intestine as well as in the brain
|
|
What drug class is Metoclopramide in?
|
antiemetic and gastroprokinetic agent
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What is the mechanism of action of Metoclopramide?
|
Exact mechanism is unknown
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|
What patients would you not give Metoclopramide to?
|
pheochromocytoma, sizure disorders, GI bleeding/perforation/obstruction
|
|
What might Metoclopramide cause?
|
Tardive dyskinesia
|
|
What patients would you not give Ondansetron to?
|
Caution in hepatic impairment and abdominal surgery
|
|
What is the Brand name of Omeprazole?
|
Prilosec
|
|
How is Omeprazole typically supplied (concentration)?
|
Delayed-release capsules 10mg, 20 mg, & 40 mg. Delayed-release oral suspension 2.5 mg & 10 mg.
|
|
The usual dose of Omeprazole is?
|
Delayed-release capsule 20 mg po once daily
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What is the time to onset of Omeprazole?
|
within 1 hour
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What is the time to peak of Omeprazole?
|
within 2 hours
|
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What is the duration of Omeprazole?
|
upto 72 hours
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How is Omeprazole metabolized?
|
Liver
|
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What receptors does Omeprazole act on?
|
Inhibits the proton pump
|
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What drug class is Omeprazole in?
|
Proton Pump Inhibitor
|
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What is the mechanism of action of Omeprazole?
|
Binds to an enzyme on gastric parietal cells in the presense of acidic gastric pH, preventing the final transportof hydrogen ions into the gastric lumen
|
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What patients would you not give Omeprazole to?
|
use with caution in pts with liver disease, avoid in pregnancy and lactation
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What are the side effects of Omeprazole?
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Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rah, dizziness, drowsiness
|
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What is the Brand name of Citric Acid/Sodium Citrate?
|
Bicitra
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How is Citrate Acid/Sodium Citrate typically supplied (concentration)?
|
500mg/5ml
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|
The usual dose of Citrate Acid/Sodium Citrate is?
|
Adult Dose: 15ml's diluted in 15ml's of water as a single dose Children: 5-15ml's diluted in 5-15ml's of water as a single dose
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What is the time to onset of Citrate Acid/Sodium Citrate?
|
2 - 10 minutes
|
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What is the time to peak of Citrate Acid/Sodium Citrate?
|
Few Minutes
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What is the duration of Citrate Acid/Sodium Citrate?
|
1-2 hours
|
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How is Citrate Acid/Sodium Citrate metabolized?
|
metabolized to sodium bicarbonate. Clearance: oxidation; 5% excreted in urine (unchanged)
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What receptors does Citrate Acid/Sodium Citrate act on?
|
antacids neutralize the acidity of gastric fluid by providing a base that reacts with hydrogen ions to form water
|
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What drug class is Citrate Acid/Sodium Citrate in?
|
Nonparticulate neutralizing buffer
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What is the mechanism of action of Citrate Acid/Sodium Citrate?
|
Neutralization of gastric acid
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What patients would you not give Citrate Acid/Sodium Citrate to?
|
contraindicated in patients with sodium restriction or severe renal impairment. Do not use with aluminum based antacids. Addison's disease
|
|
What is the Brand name of Sufentanil?
|
Sufenta
|
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How is Sufentanil typically supplied (concentration)?
|
50mcg/ml
|
|
The usual dose of Sufentanil is?
|
Infusion 0.005 - 0.05 mcg/kg/min Start with a 0.25 - 1 mcg/kg bolus Intraop dose 0.25-30mcg/kg
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What is the time to onset of Sufentanil?
|
1-3min
|
|
What is the time to peak of Sufentanil?
|
3-5 minutes
|
|
What is the duration of Sufentanil?
|
25-45min
|
|
How is Sufentanil metabolized?
|
hepatic
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What receptors does Sufentanil act on?
|
Mu
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What drug class is Sufentanil in?
|
opioid
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What is the mechanism of action of Sufentanil?
|
doses up to 8mcg/kg produces analgesia; doses >8mcg/kg produce hypnosis and anesthesia; doses of 25mcg/kg attenuate the sympathetic nervous system response to surgical stress; doses 25-30mcg/kg attenuate catecholamine response
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What patients would you not give Sufentanil to?
|
known hypersensitivity; avoid using high doses when using nitrous oxide or vice versa (cardiovascular depression); pts on CCB and BB may experience more bradycardia and hypotension; head injuries-may obscure clinical course; use with caution in pulmonary disease; use with caution in kidney/liver dysfunction
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What is the Brand name of Hydromorphone?
|
Dilaudid
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How is Hydromorphone typically supplied (concentration)?
|
1 mg/ml, 2mg/ml
|
|
The usual dose of Hydromorphone is?
|
Analgesic dosing 0.4 - 2mg IV
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What is the time to onset of Hydromorphone?
|
15 - 30 minutes
|
|
What is the time to peak of Hydromorphone?
|
30 - 90 minutes
|
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What is the duration of Hydromorphone?
|
2 - 4 hours (IV), 4- 6 hours (IM, PO, subQ)
|
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How is Hydromorphone metabolized?
|
Liver, urine and bile excretion
|
|
What receptors does Hydromorphone act on?
|
Mu receptor agonist
|
|
What drug class is Hydromorphone in?
|
Semisynthetic Opioids/Opiates, Morphine derivative
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of Hydromorphone?
|
Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS
|
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What patients would you not give Hydromorphone to?
|
Lack of known active metabolites, recommended for patients with renal failure.
|
|
What is the potency of Hydromorphone compared to Morphine?
|
5x (2mg Dilaudid = 10mg Morphine
|
|
What is the Brand name of Fentanyl?
|
Sublimaze
|
|
How is Fentanyl typically supplied (concentration)?
|
50 mcg/ml
|
|
The usual dose of Fentanyl is?
|
Sedation: 1-2 mcg/kg IV General: 5-15+mcg/kg IV Cardiac Surgery: 50-150 mcg/kg IV
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|
What is the time to onset of Fentanyl?
|
Immediate onset
|
|
What is the time to peak of Fentanyl?
|
3-5 minutes
|
|
What is the duration of Fentanyl?
|
0.5-2 hours
|
|
How is Fentanyl metabolized?
|
Liver (CYP 3A4)
|
|
What receptors does Fentanyl act on?
|
Mu opioid receptor
|
|
What drug class is Fentanyl in?
|
Opioid agonist (narcotic analgesic)
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of Fentanyl?
|
Agonist reaction with mu receptors in brain, spinal cord, and other tissues. Highly lipophilic, crosses BBB
|
|
What patients would you not give Fentanyl to?
|
Pts with known sensitivity, head injury (increased (ICP), caution in elderly, liver impairment, renal impairment, resp impairment, seizure disorder
|
|
How potent is Fentanyl compared to Morphine?
|
75 to 125x more potent than morphine as an analgesic
|
|
How does Fentanyl effect midazolam and propofol?
|
Analgesic concentrations greatly potentiate the effects of midazolam and decrease the dose requirements of propofol
|
|
Does Fentanyl cause a release of histamine?
|
No histamine release
|
|
Does Fentanyl have cardiac effects?
|
Minimal cardiac depressant effects
|
|
What benefits does IV administration have over other routes?
|
Intravenous administration permits increased concentrations in highly perfused tissues such as the kidneys, lungs, spleen, heart, and brain.
|
|
What is the Brand name of Meperidine?
|
Demerol
|
|
How is Meperidine typically supplied (concentration)?
|
10 mg/ml
|
|
The usual dose of Meperidine is?
|
25-100mg (0.5-2 mg/kg)
|
|
What is the time to onset of Meperidine?
|
<1 minute
|
|
What is the time to peak of Meperidine?
|
5-20 minutes
|
|
What is the duration of Meperidine?
|
2-4 hours
|
|
How is Meperidine metabolized?
|
In the liver by hydrolysis to meperidinic acid followed by partial conjugation with glucuronic acid; urinary excretion
|
|
What receptors does Meperidine act on?
|
Kappa receptors (opiate receptors)
|
|
What drug class is Meperidine in?
|
Synthetic opioid agonist
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of Meperidine?
|
Activation of kappa receptors inhibits presynaptic release and postsynaptic response to excitatory neurotransmitters (ACh, Substance P) from nociceptive neurons.
|
|
What patients would you not give Meperidine to?
|
MAOI use w/in 14 days
|
|
How potent is Meperidine compared to morphine
|
1/10th potency of morphine
|
|
Does Meperidine cross the placenta?
|
Yes, Meperidine crosses the placenta and appears in breast milk
|
|
What is the Brand name of Morphine?
|
Morphine, MS Contin, Duramorph etc
|
|
How is Morphine typically supplied (concentration)?
|
1-2-4-10 mg/ml IV
|
|
The usual dose of Morphine is?
|
Typical dose is 2-10mg bolus.
|
|
What is the time to onset of Morphine?
|
Typically 15-30 minutes due to Morphine's relatively low lipid solubility
|
|
What is the time to peak of Morphine?
|
30-45 minutes IV
|
|
What is the duration of Morphine?
|
2-4 hours depending on dose IV
|
|
How is Morphine metabolized?
|
Hepatic via glucuronidation by phase II metabolism enzyme UDP-glucuronosyl transferase-2B7
|
|
What receptors does Morphine act on?
|
The mu receptors - appears most important in terms of analgesia and respiratory depression and opioid effects.
|
|
What drug class is Morphine in?
|
Opiod
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of Morphine?
|
Morphine's main effect is binding to and activating the μ-opioid receptors in the central nervous system.
|
|
What patients would you not give Morphine to?
|
Hypovolemic, Opiod naive, acute resp depression, increased ICP, renal failure
|
|
What is the Brand name of Ketorolac?
|
Toradol
|
|
How is Ketorolac typically supplied (concentration)?
|
15 mg/ml or 30 mg/ ml
|
|
The usual dose of Ketorolac is?
|
IM/IV: 30-60mg followed by 15-30mg q6-8h; PO: 10mg q4-6h
|
|
What is the time to onset of Ketorolac?
|
30 mins
|
|
What is the time to peak of Ketorolac?
|
60-120 minutes
|
|
What is the duration of Ketorolac?
|
4 - 6 hours
|
|
How is Ketorolac metabolized?
|
<50% hepatic, renal metabolism; 91% renal elimination
|
|
What receptors does Ketorolac act on?
|
COX receptor inhibition
|
|
What drug class is Ketorolac in?
|
NSAID
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of Ketorolac?
|
limits prostaglandin synthesis by COX inhibition
|
|
What patients would you not give Ketorolac to?
|
Adverse effects are similar to other NSAIDs: peptic ulceration, bleeding decreased renal blood flow, do not exceed 5d, caution with hypovolemia/impaired renal function; consider reactive airway disease in patients with perennial vasomotor rhinitis and nasal polyps
|
|
What is the Brand name of Alfentanil?
|
Alfental
|
|
How is Alfentanil typically supplied (concentration)?
|
500 mcg/ml
|
|
The usual dose of Alfentanil is?
|
50-300 mcg/kg
|
|
What is the time to onset of Alfentanil?
|
1-2 mins
|
|
What is the time to peak of Alfentanil?
|
1-2 mins
|
|
What is the duration of Alfentanil?
|
10-15 mins
|
|
How is Alfentanil metabolized?
|
Hepatic metabolize; Renal elimination
|
|
What receptors does Alfentanil act on?
|
Mu opioid receptor
|
|
What drug class is Alfentanil in?
|
Opioid agonist (narcotic analgesic)
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of Alfentanil?
|
Agonist reaction with mu receptors in brain, spinal cord, and other tissues. Highly lipophilic, crosses BBB
|
|
What patients would you not give Alfentanil to?
|
Pts with known sensitivity, Caution in head injury (increased (ICP), caution in elderly, liver impairment, renal impairment, resp impairment, seizure disorder
|
|
How potent is Alfentanil compared to Morphine?
|
10x more potent than morphine
|
|
What is the Brand name of Mivacurium?
|
Mivacron
|
|
How is Mivacurium typically supplied (concentration)?
|
2 mg/ml
|
|
The usual dose of Mivacurium is?
|
Intubating dose 0.15-0.25 mg/kg
|
|
What is the time to onset of Mivacurium?
|
Time to intubation 1.5-2 minutes
|
|
What is the time to peak of Mivacurium?
|
1-3 minutes
|
|
What is the duration of Mivacurium?
|
12-20 minutes
|
|
How is Mivacurium metabolized?
|
plasma cholinesterase
|
|
What receptors does Mivacurium act on?
|
Binds to postsynaptic nicotinic Acetylcholine receptors and competitvely inhibits action of acetylcholine
|
|
What drug class is Mivacurium in?
|
non-depolarizing muscle relaxant
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of Mivacurium?
|
Binds to postsynaptic nicotinic Acetylcholine receptors and competitvely inhibits action of acetylcholine
|
|
What patients would you not give Mivacurium to?
|
Plasma cholinesterase deficient; reactive airway disease (b/c of histamine) Stoelting and Hiller; burn injury (burns decrease plasma cholinesterase activity - Stoelting and Hiller)
|
|
Maintenace dose of Mivacurium?
|
0.01-0.1 mg/kg
|
|
Histamine release with Mivacurium?
|
Yes (slight)
|
|
What is the Brand name of Atracurium?
|
Tracrium
|
|
How is Atracurium typically supplied (concentration)?
|
No longer available in US
|
|
The usual dose of Atracurium is?
|
0.5 mg/kg over 30-60 sec
|
|
What is the time to onset of Atracurium?
|
2-3 min
|
|
What is the time to peak of Atracurium?
|
3-5 min
|
|
What is the duration of Atracurium?
|
30-45 min
|
|
How is Atracurium metabolized?
|
Ester Hydrolysis, Hoffman Elimination
|
|
What receptors does Atracurium act on?
|
Binds to postsynaptic nicotinic Acetylcholine receptors and competitvely inhibits action of acetylcholine
|
|
What drug class is Atracurium in?
|
non-depolarizing muscle relaxant
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of Atracurium?
|
Binds to postsynaptic nicotinic Acetylcholine receptors and competitvely inhibits action of acetylcholine
|
|
What is the Brand name of Cisatracurium?
|
Nimbex
|
|
How is Cisatracurium typically supplied (concentration)?
|
2mg/ml
|
|
The usual dose of Cisatracurium is?
|
0.15-0.2mg/kg (ED95=0.05mg/kg)
|
|
What is the time to onset of Cisatracurium?
|
2-3 min
|
|
What is the time to peak of Cisatracurium?
|
2-3 min
|
|
What is the duration of Cisatracurium?
|
40-75 min
|
|
How is Cisatracurium metabolized?
|
Hoffman elimination (and possibly ester hydrolysis, Evers)
|
|
What receptors does Cisatracurium act on?
|
Binds to postsynaptic nicotinic Acetylcholine receptors and competitvely inhibits action of acetylcholine
|
|
What drug class is Cisatracurium in?
|
Intermediate acting non-depolarizing muscle blockers
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of Cisatracurium?
|
Binds to postsynaptic nicotinic Acetylcholine receptors and competitvely inhibits action of acetylcholine
|
|
What patients would you not give Cisatracurium to?
|
No significant contraindications but hypothermia and acidosis will prolong Cisatracurium's action
|
|
What are the storage considerations for Cisatracurium?
|
Must be refrigerated and used within 21 days after removal from refrigeration
|
|
Drug-drug interactions for Cisatracurium?
|
Will precipitate if introduced into same line as alkaline drugs (eg: thiopental)
|
|
What is the Brand name of Succinylcholline?
|
Anectine
|
|
How is Succinylcholline typically supplied (concentration)?
|
20 mg/mL
|
|
The usual dose of Succinylcholline is?
|
0.7 - 1.0 mg/kg intubation, 20mg for laryngospasm
|
|
What is the time to onset of Succinylcholline?
|
30-60 sec
|
|
What is the time to peak of Succinylcholline?
|
1 minute
|
|
What is the duration of Succinylcholline?
|
5 minutes
|
|
How is Succinylcholline metabolized?
|
plasma pseudocholinesterase
|
|
What receptors does Succinylcholline act on?
|
nicotinic cholinergic receptors
|
|
What drug class is Succinylcholline in?
|
Depolarizing neuromuscular relaxant
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of Succinylcholline?
|
Binds to both alpha subunits of cholinergic receptors, producing depolarization resulting in flaccid paralysis.
|
|
What patients would you not give Succinylcholline to?
|
High K+, Hx of MH, 48 -72 hrs after Spinal cord injury
|
|
The dose of Succinylcholline for laryngospasm?
|
0.15-0.3 mg/kg (10-20 mg)
|
|
What is the Brand name of Vecuronium?
|
Norcuron
|
|
How is Vecuronium typically supplied (concentration)?
|
1-2mg/mL
|
|
The usual dose of Vecuronium is?
|
0.08-0.1 mg/kg
|
|
What is the time to onset of Vecuronium?
|
2-3 min
|
|
What is the time to peak of Vecuronium?
|
3-5 min
|
|
What is the duration of Vecuronium?
|
30-45 min
|
|
How is Vecuronium metabolized?
|
Hepatic
|
|
What receptors does Vecuronium act on?
|
nicotinic cholinergic receptors
|
|
What drug class is Vecuronium in?
|
Non-depolarizing neuromuscular relaxant
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of Vecuronium?
|
Competitively binds to Alpha subunit(s) of cholinergic receptor at motor end plate. Preventing Na+ and Ca++ from entering and K+ from exiting
|
|
What patients would you not give Vecuronium to?
|
those with hepatic dysfunction or extrahepatic biliary obstruction due to prolonged duration
|
|
What is the Brand name of Pancuronium?
|
Pavulon
|
|
How is Pancuronium typically supplied (concentration)?
|
1mg/mL, 2mg/mL
|
|
The usual dose of Pancuronium is?
|
Intubating- 0.04 - 0.1 mg/kg, 0.01-0.05 mg/kg maintainece
|
|
What is the time to onset of Pancuronium?
|
1-3 min
|
|
What is the time to peak of Pancuronium?
|
3-5 minutes
|
|
What is the duration of Pancuronium?
|
60-90 minutes
|
|
How is Pancuronium metabolized?
|
Hepatic (deacetylated), Excretion is 40% renal, 10% bile
|
|
What receptors does Pancuronium act on?
|
It is Bisquaternary, acts on nicotinic choliergic receptor
|
|
What drug class is Pancuronium in?
|
Nondepolarizing muscle relaxants
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of Pancuronium?
|
Competitively binds to Alpha subunit(s) of cholinergic receptor at motor end plate. Preventing Na+ and Ca++ from entering and K+ from exiting
|
|
What patients would you not give Pancuronium to?
|
Pt in whom an increased heart rate would be particularly detrimental (coronary artery disease, IHSS); Renal patients may have prolonged neuromuscular blockade
|
|
What is the Brand name of Pipecuronium?
|
Arduan
|
|
How is Pipecuronium typically supplied (concentration)?
|
10mg powder
|
|
The usual dose of Pipecuronium is?
|
0.07-0.085 mg/kg
|
|
What is the time to onset of Pipecuronium?
|
2 min
|
|
What is the time to peak of Pipecuronium?
|
3-5 minutes
|
|
What is the duration of Pipecuronium?
|
45-120 min
|
|
How is Pipecuronium metabolized?
|
Renal
|
|
What receptors does Pipecuronium act on?
|
cholinergic receptors at the motor end plate
|
|
What drug class is Pipecuronium in?
|
long acting nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of Pipecuronium?
|
competitive antagonist at the cholinergic receptors of the motor end plate
|
|
What patients would you not give Pipecuronium to?
|
enhanced neuromuscular blockade in pts with myasthenia gravis or inadequate adrenocortical function
|
|
Does Pipecuronium release histamine?
|
No
|
|
What is the Brand name of Rocuronium?
|
Zemuron
|
|
How is Rocuronium typically supplied (concentration)?
|
10mg/ml
|
|
The usual dose for intubation with Rocuronium is?
|
0.6-1.2mg/mg
|
|
What is the time to onset of Rocuronium?
|
60-90 sec
|
|
What is the time to peak of Rocuronium?
|
1-3 min
|
|
What is the duration of Rocuronium?
|
30-60 (150) min
|
|
How is Rocuronium metabolized?
|
Hepatic; It is excreted 30% Renal, 70% Biliary
|
|
What receptors does Rocuronium act on?
|
nicotinic cholinergic receptor
|
|
What drug class is Rocuronium in?
|
Non-depolarizing neuromuscular relaxant
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of Rocuronium?
|
Competitively binds to Alpha subunit(s) of cholinergic receptor at motor end plate. Preventing Na+ and Ca++ from entering and K+ from exiting
|
|
What is the Brand name of Doxacurium?
|
Nuromax
|
|
How is Doxacurium typically supplied (concentration)?
|
1 mg/ml
|
|
The usual dose of Doxacurium is?
|
0.05-.08mg/kg
|
|
What is the time to onset of Doxacurium?
|
2 mins
|
|
What is the time to peak of Doxacurium?
|
3-9 mins
|
|
What is the duration of Doxacurium?
|
30-60 mins
|
|
How is Doxacurium metabolized?
|
Minimal metabolism Excreted Renally
|
|
What receptors does Doxacurium act on?
|
acetylcholine receptors of the nicotinic type
|
|
What drug class is Doxacurium in?
|
non-depolarizing muscle relaxant
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of Doxacurium?
|
Binds to postsynaptic nicotinic Acetylcholine receptors and competitvely inhibits action of acetylcholine
|
|
What is the maintenance dose of Rocuronium?
|
0.15 mg/kg
|
|
What is the Brand name of Ephedrine?
|
Generic only, no brands available
|
|
How is Ephedrine typically supplied (concentration)?
|
50mg/1ml
|
|
The usual induction dose of Ephedrine is?
|
5-25mg bolus dose only, avg for a 70kg adult
|
|
What is the time to onset of Ephedrine?
|
<1 minute
|
|
What is the time to peak of Ephedrine?
|
2-5 minutes
|
|
What is the duration of Ephedrine?
|
10-60 minutes
|
|
How is Ephedrine metabolized?
|
minimal hepatic, mostly renal elimination (unchanged)
|
|
What receptors does Ephedrine act on?
|
alpha 1, beta1 & beta2
|
|
What drug class is Ephedrine in?
|
Indirect Acting Sympathomimetic (Synthetic Noncatecholemine)
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of Ephedrine?
|
alpha and beta adrenergic stimulation; norepinephrine release at sympathetic nerve endings
|
|
What patients would you not give Ephedrine to?
|
Avoid in patients taking MAO inhibitors
|
|
What is the Brand name of Phenylephrine?
|
Neo-Synephrine
|
|
How is Phenylephrine typically supplied (concentration)?
|
10mg/ml ampule, 100mcg/ml pre-made sticks
|
|
The usual dose of Phenylephrine is?
|
50-100mcg
|
|
What is the time to onset of Phenylephrine?
|
<1 min
|
|
What is the time to peak of Phenylephrine?
|
1 min
|
|
What is the duration of Phenylephrine?
|
15-20 mins
|
|
How is Phenylephrine metabolized?
|
Hepatic, renal elimination
|
|
What receptors does Phenylephrine act on?
|
direct alpha 1 (high dose alpha 2 & beta)
|
|
What drug class is Phenylephrine in?
|
adrenergic agoinst
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of Phenylephrine?
|
stimulates the post-synaptic alpha receptors, increased systemic vascular resistence, decreased cardiac output, increased stroke volume and bradycardia.
|
|
What patients would you not give Phenylephrine to?
|
Bradycardia, Ventricular tachycardia, Severe arteriosclerosis
|
|
Is Phenylephrine a pure alpha agoist?
|
No, in high doses it can have alpha 2 and beta activation
|
|
What is the Brand name of Epinephrine?
|
Epinephrine hydrochloride (generic), Adrenaline/Epinephrine (brand)
|
|
How is Epinephrine typically supplied (concentration)?
|
1mg/ml (1:1,000), 0.5mg/ml (1:2,000), 0.1mg (1:10,000), 0.01mg/ml (1:100,000)
|
|
What is the dose of Epinephrine for treatment of cardiac arrest
|
1mg or 0.02mg/kg
|
|
What is the Brand name of Epinephrine?
|
Epinephrine hydrochloride (generic), Adrenaline/Epinephrine (brand)
|
|
How is Epinephrine typically supplied (concentration)?
|
1mg/ml (1:1,000), 0.5mg/ml (1:2,000), 0.1mg (1:10,000), 0.01mg/ml (1:100,000)
|
|
What is the dose of Epinephrine for treatment of cardiac arrest
|
1mg or 0.02mg/kg
|
|
What is the time to onset of Epinephrine?
|
IV: 30-60sec, SC: 6-15min, intratracheal: 5-15sec, inhalation: 3-5min
|
|
What is the time to peak of Epinephrine?
|
IV peak effect is within 3 minutes
|
|
What is the duration of Epinephrine?
|
IV: 5-10min, intratracheal: 15-25min, inhalation/SC: 1-3hrs
|
|
How is Epinephrine metabolized?
|
Enzymatic degradation (hepatic, renal, GI tract)
|
|
What receptors does Epinephrine act on?
|
activates both alpha and beta receptors
|
|
What drug class is Epinephrine in?
|
sympathomimetic
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of Epinephrine?
|
Direct stimulation of apha 1, beta 1, and beta 2 receptors
|
|
What patients would you not give Epinephrine to?
|
Closed angle glaucoma, hypersensitivity, obstetric patients...but if the patient arrests, we're gonna give it to them anyways!
|
|
What effect does Epinephrine have when mixed with local anesthetics?
|
It decreases systemic absorption and prolongs duration of action
|
|
What is the Brand name of Dopamine?
|
Intropin
|
|
How is Dopamine typically supplied (concentration)?
|
200-400mg/5mL amp -- diluted 400 mg in 250 mL D5W
|
|
The usual induction dose of Dopamine is?
|
2-20 mcg/kg/min infusion
|
|
What is the time to onset of Dopamine?
|
2-4 min
|
|
What is the time to peak of Dopamine?
|
2-10 min
|
|
What is the duration of Dopamine?
|
10-20 min
|
|
How is Dopamine metabolized?
|
Hepatic elimination
|
|
What receptors does Dopamine act on?
|
alpha, beta 1, and dopaminergic receptors; also indirectly by releasing norepi
|
|
What drug class is Dopamine in?
|
Inotrope, vasoconstrictor
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of Dopamine?
|
Low dose - increase RBF; Med dose - stimulates beta 1 increasing SV and CO; Large dose - stimulates alpha increasing PVR, decreasing RBF
|
|
What patients would you not give Dopamine to?
|
DON'T give to Pt's with: pheochromocytoma, tachyarrhythmias, v-fib, occlusive vascular disease such as Raynaud's
|
|
What is the Brand name of Dobutamine?
|
Dobutrex
|
|
How is Dobutamine typically supplied (concentration)?
|
250mg in a 20 ml vial
|
|
The usual dose of Dobutamine is?
|
an infusion of 2 to 20mcg/kg/min Method: 250 mg should be placed in 500 ml of d5w, which gives a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml.
|
|
What is the time to onset of Dobutamine?
|
1 to 2 min
|
|
What is the time to peak of Dobutamine?
|
10 min
|
|
What is the duration of Dobutamine?
|
brief under goes rapid metabolism
|
|
How is Dobutamine metabolized?
|
the liver and other tissues
|
|
What receptors does Dobutamine act on?
|
selective beta 1 agonist
|
|
What drug class is Dobutamine in?
|
sympathomimetic
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of Dobutamine?
|
increases myocardial contractility which increases cardiac output, and decreases atrial filling pressures
|
|
What patients would you not give Dobutamine to?
|
Be sure pt has an adequate HR before giving. Use with caution in people following an MI, with ventricular irritability, & know alkaline solutions can deactivate it
|
|
What is an indication for the use of Dobutamine?
|
short term management of CHF
|
|
What are some effects of Dobutamine?
|
increased HR, HTN, PVC SYNERGESTIC effects with Nipride
|
|
What is the Brand name of Flumazenil?
|
Romazicon
|
|
How is Flumazenil typically supplied (concentration)?
|
0.1mg/ml in 5ml Vial
|
|
The usual dose of Flumazenil is?
|
0.2-1.0mg IV at 0.2mg/min (wait at least 1min. b/w doses & repeat at least q 20 min. to avoid resedation, with max dosing 3mg/hr
|
|
What is the time to onset of Flumazenil?
|
1-3 min.
|
|
What is the time to peak of Flumazenil?
|
2-10 min.
|
|
What is the duration of Flumazenil?
|
60 min.
|
|
How is Flumazenil metabolized?
|
hepatic
|
|
What receptors does Flumazenil act on?
|
Competitive antagonism of GABA receptor, antagonizing benzodiazepine effect
|
|
What drug class is Flumazenil in?
|
Benzodiazepine antagonist
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of Flumazenil?
|
Benzodiazepine antagonist
|
|
What patients would you not give Flumazenil to?
|
Do not use in unknown drug overdose, suspected tricyclic antidepressant overdose, or seizure-prone patients
|
|
What are possible effects of this drug?
|
CNS excitation including seizures, acute withdrawal, nausea, dizziness, agitation, HTN, arrhythmias.
|
|
What is the Brand name of Edrophonium?
|
Tensilon
|
|
How is Edrophonium typically supplied (concentration)?
|
2.5mg/ml
|
|
The usual dose of Edrophonium is?
|
0.5-1 mg/kg IV Max dose 40mg
|
|
What is the time to onset of Edrophonium?
|
.5-1 min
|
|
What is the time to peak of Edrophonium?
|
1 min
|
|
What is the duration of Edrophonium?
|
45-60 mins
|
|
How is Edrophonium metabolized?
|
Renal 70%, Hepatic 30%
|
|
What receptors does Edrophonium act on?
|
all receptors
|
|
What drug class is Edrophonium in?
|
Cholinesterase Inhibitor/ Anticholinesterase
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of Edrophonium?
|
Inhibits junctional acetylcholinesterase at NMJ and also plasma cholinesterase
|
|
What patients would you not give Edrophonium to?
|
Possibly renal failure (prolonged clearance time)
|
|
What anticholinergic drug would you add to Edrophonium to counteract bradycardia?
|
Most rapid onset & shortest duration of any CIs matches it better with atropine than glycopyrrolate
|
|
What is the Brand name of Physostigimine?
|
Antilirium
|
|
How is Physostigimine typically supplied (concentration)?
|
1mg/ml
|
|
The usual dose of Physostigimine is?
|
0.01 - 0.03mg/kg
|
|
What is the time to onset of Physostigimine?
|
4 min
|
|
What is the time to peak of Physostigimine?
|
7 minutes
|
|
What is the duration of Physostigimine?
|
30 min to 5 hours
|
|
How is Physostigimine metabolized?
|
plasma esterases
|
|
What receptors does Physostigimine act on?
|
nicotinic and muscarinic receptors
|
|
What drug class is Physostigimine in?
|
antidote/ cholinergic agent
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of Physostigimine?
|
increases amount of acetylcholine at site of NMJ.
|
|
What patients would you not give Physostigimine to?
|
asthma, diabetes, or mechanical obstruction of the intestine or urogenital tract
|
|
What is the Brand name of Neostigmine?
|
Prostigmine
|
|
How is Neostigmine typically supplied (concentration)?
|
1mg/ml
|
|
The usual dose of Neostigmine is?
|
0.03-0.06mg/kg MAX 5mg
|
|
What is the time to onset of Neostigmine?
|
<3 mins
|
|
What is the time to peak of Neostigmine?
|
~7 mins
|
|
What is the duration of Neostigmine?
|
40-60 mins
|
|
How is Neostigmine metabolized?
|
hepatic
|
|
What receptors does Neostigmine act on?
|
acetylcholinesterase in the NMBJ
|
|
What drug class is Neostigmine in?
|
Cholinesterase inhibitor
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of Neostigmine?
|
competitive binds to acetylcholinesterase, allowing the build up of acetylcholine
|
|
What patients would you not give Neostigmine to?
|
A patient with GI or GU obstruction
|
|
What is the Brand name of Naloxone?
|
Narcan
|
|
How is Naloxone typically supplied (concentration)?
|
0.4 mg/ml
|
|
The usual dose of Naloxone is?
|
0.4-2 mg (post-op 1-2mg)
|
|
What is the time to onset of Naloxone?
|
1-2 min
|
|
What is the time to peak of Naloxone?
|
5-15 minutes
|
|
What is the duration of Naloxone?
|
1-2 hours
|
|
How is Naloxone metabolized?
|
Hepatic
|
|
What receptors does Naloxone act on?
|
mu receptor
|
|
What drug class is Naloxone in?
|
opioid antagonists
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of Naloxone?
|
Unknown exactly; believed to antagonizes the opioid effects by competing for the same receptor sites
|
|
What patients would you not give Naloxone to?
|
Caution with ESRD, ESHD, opoid addiction
|
|
What is the brand name for Etomidate?
|
Amidate
|
|
How is Etomidate supplied?
|
2 mg/ml
|
|
What is the induction dose for Etomidate?
|
0.1-0.4 mg/kg
(70 kg patient = 7 - 28 mg) (100 kg patient = 10 - 40 mg) Typical dose 20-40 mg |
|
What is the Onset of Etomidate?
|
30 to 60 seconds
|
|
What is the Duration of Etomidate?
|
3 to 10 minutes
|
|
How is Etomidate metabolized?
|
Primary through ester hydrolysis secondary through hepatic
|
|
Is Etomidate highly protein bond?
|
Yes 77% bond to albumin
|
|
What receptor does Etomidate effect?
|
Potentiation of GABA (A) -mediated chloride channels
|
|
What effects does Etomidate have on the CNS?
|
Potent cerebral vasoconstrictor
Decreases CBF & ICP Myoclonus |
|
What effects does Etomidate have on CV?
|
Minimal changes in BP & HR
(Drop in BP maybe exaggerated by hypovolemia) |
|
What effect does Etomidate have on respiratory?
|
Minimal depression, but if given rapidly IV may cause apnea.
Exaggerated depression with inhaled anesthetics or opioid |
|
What effect does Etomidate have on endocrine?
|
Adrenal suppression
|
|
Who (patient population) would you choose Etomidate over propofol or barbiturates?
|
In patients with compromised myocardial contractility
|
|
Does infusion of Etomidate hurt?
|
Yes
|
|
Is recovery from Etomidate fast?
|
Yes 3 - 10 minutes
|
|
Does Etomidate produce analgesia?
|
No, it produces hypnotic effects
|
|
What is the half life of Etomidate?
|
75 minutes
|
|
What is the pregnancy category of Etomidate?
|
Category C
|
|
What is the brand name for Ketamine?
|
Ketalar
|
|
How is Ketamine supplied?
|
10 mg/ml
|
|
What is the Induction dose for Ketamine?
|
0.5 - 2 mg/kg
(70 kg patient 35 -140 mg) (100 kg patient 50 -200 mg) Typical dose ???? |
|
What is the Onset of Ketamine?
|
30 seconds
|
|
What is the Duration of Ketamine?
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5 to 15 minutes
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Does Ketamine produce analgesia?
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Yes significant analgesia
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The cataleptic state aka "dissociative anesthesia" is associated with which anesthetic?
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Ketamine
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What is the cataleptic state aka "dissociative anesthesia"?
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After the admin of Ketamine the patient's eyes remain open with a slow nystagmic gaze.
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What is the major psychological issue with Ketamine?
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Unpleasant hallucinations
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How is Ketamine metabolized?
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Hepatic CYP450 system
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Is Ketamine bond to protein?
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It has a low protein binding (12%)
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What receptor does Ketamine work on?
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Inhibition of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor complex
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Is amnesia complete with solo admin of Ketamine?
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Amnesia is not complete, however when benzos are coadmin then amnesia is complete
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What effects does Ketamine have on CNS?
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Cerebral vasodilator, increases CBF & CMRO2 (metabolic rate)
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What effects does Ketamine have on CV?
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Significant, but transient increase in BP, HR, & CO
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What effects does Ketamine have on respiratory?
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Minor depression Hypercapnia response preserved
After rapid IV may cause apnea Increase salivation which is a risk for laryngospasm (especially in peds) Relaxes bronchial smooth muscles |
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What is the pregnancy category for Ketamine?
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Ketamine is contraindicated in pregnancy, there is no FDA assignment however the manufacture has assigned Category B
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What is the Brand name for Methohexital?
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Brevital
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How is Methohexital supplied?
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10 mg/ml
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What is the Induction dose for Methohexital?
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1 - 1.5 mg/kg
(70kg patient 70 - 105 mg) (100kg patient 100 - 150 mg) Typical dose 70 mg |
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What is the Onset of Methohexital?
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45 seconds - 1 minute
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What is the Duration of Methohexital?
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4 to 7 minutes
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How is Methohexital metabolized?
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Hepatic metabolism by oxidation
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Chronic use of barbiturates does what to liver enzymes?
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Induces oxidative mircosomal enzymes
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What receptors does Methohexital work on?
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GABA (A) and unknown inhibition of excitatory receptors
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What effect does Methohexital have on CNS?
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Potent cerebral vasoconstrictor
Decreases CBF, ICP, & cerebral blood volume Decreases CMRO2 Neuroprotection from focal cerebral ishemia |
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Does Methohexital have analgesic effects?
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No, in fact evidence suggest that it lowers the pain threshold and increases pain
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Does Methohexital decrease activity on EEG?
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No it is an exception among barbiturates.
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Which barbiturate activates epileptic foci?
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Methohexital
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What effects does Methohexital have on CV?
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Decrease in BP 2/2 vasodilation
Increase HR |
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What effects does Methohexital have on respiratory?
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Marked depression with decreased TV and RR, apnea
Decreased hypercapnia and hypoxia response Requires neuromuscular blocking drugs for instrumentation of airway |
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What Pregnancy category is Methohexital?
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Category B
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What is the brand name for Propofol?
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Diprvan
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How is Propofol supplied?
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10 mg/ml
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What is the induction dose of Propofol?
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1.5 - 2.5 mg/kg
(70 kg patient 105 - 175 mg) (100 kg patient 150 - 250 mg) Typical dose around 175 - 200 mg |
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What is the Onset of Propofol?
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45 seconds to a minute
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What is the Duration of Propofol?
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5 to 10 minutes
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How is Propofol stored?
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In a lipid emulsion.
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Can you give Propofol to a patient with an egg allergy?
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Yes, Maybe, No, depends because the major component of the lipid emulsion is egg yolk lecithin... clear as mud?
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How long should a Propofol bottle be used for after it has been opened and why?
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6 hours because of the lipid emulsion can support bacterial growth
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How is Propofol metabolized?
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Hepatic metabolism, however their maybe up to 30% metabolism in the lungs
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Is Propofol highly protein bond?
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Yes 97% bond
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Describe the context-sensitive half-time of Propofol.
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The context-sensitive half-time of Propofol is brief, even after prolonged infusion allowing for rapid recovery
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What receptors does Propofol work on?
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Potentiation of chloride current mediated channels at the GABA (A) receptor complex
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What are the effects of Propofol on CNS?
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Hypnotic effect without analgesic effects
Decreased CBF, CMRO2, ICP Has neuroprotective properties Anticonvulsant effects |
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What are the effects of Propofol on CV?
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Most pronounced decrease in BP
Vasodilates Arterial and Venous - reduced preload and afterload Inhibits baroreflex (very small increase in HR) |
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What are the effects of Propofol on Respiratory?
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Potent respiratory depressant
Apnea after induction dose Response to hypoxia and hypercapnia is reduced Relaxes reflexes for instrumentation of the airway Decrease wheezing |
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Would you use Propofol in a patient you are concerned about post-op N/V?
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Yes Propofol has antiemetic activity
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Does Propofol potentiate neuromuscular blockage drugs?
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NO
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What should you do if you unexpectedly get tachycardia during Propofol induction?
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Evaluate for metabolic acidosis (ABG)
Known as propofol infusion syndrome |
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Does Propofol hurt on injection?
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Yes
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Do children require more or less Propofol for induction?
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More 2.5 - 3.5 mg/kg
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