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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the years of the Middle Ages? What part of the world are we discussing?
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476-1425, Western Europe
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Are the terms Middle Ages and Medieval Period synonymous?
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Yes.
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If ancient civilizations had music, why do historians start the history of Western music in the Middle Ages?
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Because that is the first point in which music was written.
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What was the most powerful institution in the Medieval Period?
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The Catholic Church.
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Define secular and sacred music. Which of the two was more prominent in the Middle Ages?
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Secular music is non-religious music and sacred music is religious. Sacred music was far more prominent because of the power of the Catholic Church.
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Name the most important type of monophonic sacred music of the Middle Ages. Who was it named after and why?
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The Gregorian chant. It was named after Pope Gregory because he chose it.
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Describe Gregorian chants.
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Sacred vocal monophonic acapella music in Latin with no beat. Has a small pitch range and is legato.
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Which was more prominent in the Middle Ages: vocal or instrumental music?
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Instrumental.
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Did symphony orchestras exist in the Middle Ages?
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No.
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What are the years of the Renaissance?
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1425-1600.
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What does "Renaissance" mean?
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Rebirth of Man/Humanism
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How did people view their own abilities differently in this period than they did in the Middle Ages?
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People began to rely on themselves, science, and exploration instead of the church.
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In the Renaissance, which was more prominent: instrumental or vocal?
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Vocal, but instrumental music began to become popular.
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Define "word painting".
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When music illustrates in sound the meaning of the word.
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The Renaissance was the "Age of _______".
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Acapella.
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What are the years of the Baroque Era?
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1600-1750.
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Define virtuoso.
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A master of a specific instrument.
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Define cantata.
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A multi-movement work performed by 1 ore more vocal soloists accompanied by an orchestra. Generally sacred and for Lutheran church.
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Defined terraced dynamics.
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Sharp volume shifts with no gradual changes. Either loud of soft.
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Define suite.
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A multi-movement instrumental work where each movement is inspired by a dance.
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Define concerto.
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Instrumental 3 movement work for instrumental soloists with orchestra accompaniment.
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Define unity of mood and unity of rhythm.
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Unity of mood is when an entire movement keeps the same mood and unity of rhythm is when an entire movement keeps the same rhythm.
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Define ornamentation.
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Adding notes to enhance expression.
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Define fugue.
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Polyphonic work with one main melody called a subject.
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Define sonata.
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A multi-movement work (usually 3-4) that is for instrumental solo with keyboard.
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Define oratorio.
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A multi-movement work for orchestra, solo, chorus, that sounds like an opera but is performed in concert style.
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What instruments did they have in the Baroque Era and what did they not yet have?
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They had all stringed instruments along with guitar and lute, had trumpet and french horn, used recorders, oboes, bassoons, and wood-flutes. Had harpsichord and organ.
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What texture was used extensively throughout the Baroque Era?
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Polyphony.
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Define opera, the first one, who composed it and in what year.
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Opera is a large scale music drama that combines poetry, acting, scenery, costumes, with accompaniment of vocals and instruments.
The first opera was composed in 1600 by J. Peri called "Euridice". |
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What was the first opera of great significance? Who composed it?
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"Orfeo" by C. Monteverdi.
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Explain who Vivaldi is and his accomplishments.
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His nickname was the "Red Priest" because he was a red-haired priest. He never changed his style so he did unpopular. Developed the concerto & concerto grosso. Is most popular for his concerti "The Four Seasons". He worked at an orphanage and taught children (mostly girls) how to play.
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Explain who Handel is and his accomplishments.
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He studied, composed, and taught music by age 11. By 18, he was a professional violin and harpsichordist. He moved to England and stayed there for the last 40 years of his life. He was buried in Westminster Abbey. He is most famous for "Messiah". He was blind by the time he had died.
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Explain who J.S Bach is and his accomplishments.
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Bach was the greatest Baroque composer. He was a keyboard virtuoso and worked for the Lutheran Church for 27 years. He wasn't well known in his lifetime because he didn't travel. He had 20 children, half of which died, and 4 became famous musicians. Music made today is still influenced by him and we wouldn't be the same without him. He wrote all kinds of music except for operas. He was also blind by the time he had died.
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