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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
epistaxis
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nosebleed
anterior bleeds (originating from Kiesselbach plexus) most common |
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Which of the following positions is recommeded for a pt experiencing a nosebleed?
a. lying down w/feet elevated b. sitting up w/neck fully extended c. lying down w/a small pillow under the head d. sitting up leaning slightly forward |
d. sitting up leaning slightly forward
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Which of the following is the best explanation by a nurse for why a physician did not prescribe antibiotics for influenza?
a. "Most cases of influenza are caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria." b. "Influenza is caused by viruses." c. "Antibiotics have too many serious side effects." d. "Antibiotics can interact with other medications used for influenza." |
b. "Influenza is caused by viruses."
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Which of the following responses is correct when a pt asks why her physician didn't order that new antiviral drug for her flu?
a. "The antiviral drugs are for AIDS, not the flu." b. "The side effects of the antiviral drugs are worse than having the flu." c. "Antiviral drugs are only for children." d. "These drugs only work if you start them within 48 hours after flu symptoms start." |
d. "These drugs only work if you start them within 48 hours after flu symptoms start."
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After a laryngectomy, which of the following assessments takes priority?
a. Airway patency b. Nutritional status c. Lung sounds d. Patient acceptance of surgery |
a. Airway patency
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Which of the following communication methods will not work for the pt w/a laryngectomy?
a. placing a finger over the stoma b. providing a special valve that diverts air into the esophagus c. obtaining a picture board d. teaching the pt esophageal speech |
a. placing a finger over the stoma
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Which of the following statements best explains why the nurse is careful when administering narcotics to a laryngectomee?
a. Most laryngectomees have been drug addicts in the past. b.Even low doses of narcotics may cause respiratory arrest in the laryngectomee. c. Narcotics can depress the cough reflex. d. Laryngectomy pts have very little pain after surgery. |
c. Narcotics can depress the cough reflex
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Other causes of epistaxis are . . .
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- trauma
- hypertension - anticoagulants |
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Treatment options for epistaxis include:
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- sit in chair & lean forward
- pressure to nares for 5 to 10 min - ice packs to nose area - local application of vasoconstrictive agent - electrical cauterizing - nasal packing for 2-4 days - nasal balloon catheter |
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nasal polyps
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grapelike clusters of mucosa in nasal passages
usually benign but can obstruct nasal passage more common in people w/allergies "triad dx" = nasal polyps + asthma + ASA allergy |
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Symptoms of a deviated septum include:
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- stuffy nose
- blocked sinus drainage - headaches - epistaxis |
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nasoseptoplasty
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incision made through mucous membrane covering septum
deviated portion of septum removed AKA submucous resection (SMR) |
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rhinoplasty
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surgical reconstruction of the nose
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sinusitis
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inflammation of the mucosa of one or more sinuses
maxillary & ethmoid sinuses usually affected most common infecting organisms are Streptococcus pneumoniae & Haemophilus influenzae |
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Treatment for sinusitis includes:
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- decongestants
- hot packs - saline irrigation - humidification - surgical drainage - antibiotics |
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viral rhinitis
(AKA common cold) |
S/S are congestion, sneezing discharge
treat symptoms |
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pharyngitis
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inflammation of the pharynx
usually related to bacterial/viral infection most commonly caused by beta-hemolytic streptococci (strep throat) if not treated, can lead to rheumatic fever |
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S/S of pharyngitis include:
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- sore throat
- dysphagia - red, swollen throat - exudate may be present (usually means bacteria present) - fever - malaise |
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dysphagia
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difficulty swallowing
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exudate
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drainage or pus
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laryngitis
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inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the larynx
S/S cough, dysphagia, fever, hoarseness |
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tonsillitis
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occurs when filtering function of tonsils becomes overwhelmed w/a virus or bacteria & infection results
most common organisms are Streptococcus species, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, & Pneumococcus species |
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S/S of tonsillitis include:
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- sore throat
- fever - pain on swallowing - exudate - malaise - myalgia |
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myalgia
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muscle pain
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influenza
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viral infection of respiratory tract
transmitted via droplets or physical contact from infected individuals or objects incubation period from time of exposure to onset of symptoms is 1 to 3 days |
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influenza prevention
-who needs it? -how is it done? |
who? people 50+ yrs old - residents of extended care facilities - those w/chronic illness
how? shot - immunization doesn't have live virus - 2 wks for antibodies to develop - 4 months until effective |
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Cancer of the larynx usually develops in the 1_____ 1_____. It is usally a 2_____ cancer and can spread to the 3_____, 4_____, or 5_____ 5_____. The prognosis for a patient with laryngeal cancer is often poor because 6_____ may have occurred prior to patient seeking help.
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1 mucosal epithelium
2 primary 3 lungs 4 liver 5 lymph nodes 6 metastasis |
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S/S of cancer of the larynx:
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- hoarseness
- change in voice - pain - dysphagia - airway obstruction |
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Acute Pain Related to Infections Process
interventions: |
- assess for cause of discomfort
- offer pain relief - encourage rest |
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Hyperthermia Related to Infectious Process
interventions: |
- monitor temp (q4h if febrile)
- monitor for dehydration - encourage oral fluids - give antipyretic if temp higher than 102.5 F |
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Risk for Infection: Transmission to Others Related to Presence of Infectious Disease
interventions: |
- teach good handwashing
- assess pt's understanding of infection transmission |