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43 Cards in this Set
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Penicillin
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Bind penicillin binding proteins, block transpeptidase cross-linking of cell wall, and activate autolytic enzymes.
They are bactericidal for gram positive cocci, gram positive rods, gram negative cocci, and spirochetes. Not penicillinase resistant |
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Penicillinase-Resistant penicillins
1. Methicillin 2. Nafcillin 3. Dicloxacillin |
Same mech as penicillin, but a bulkier R group makes them penicillinase resistant. Narrow spectrum of use. Good for S. aureus, but NOT MRSA.
Use NAF for STAPH |
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Aminopenicillins
1. Ampicillin 2. Amoxicillin |
Same mech as for penicillin. Wider spectrum, and can combine with clavulanic acid to inhibit penicillinase to enhance the spectrum.
Certain gram positives and gram negative rods. HELPS H. influenza E.coli Listeria monocytogenes Proteus mirabilis Salmonella Enterococci |
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Anti-pseudomonals
1. Ticarillin 2. Carbenicillin 3. Piperacillin |
Same mech as penicillin, but an extended spectrum.
Good for pseudomonas and gram negative rods. Susceptible to penicillinase. So, use this with clavulanic acid. TCP-takes care of pseudomonas |
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Cephalosporins
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B-lactam drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis but are less susceptible to penicillinases.
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1st gen cephalosporins
1. Cefazolin 2. Cephalexin |
Gram positive cocci
PEcK Proteus E. coli Klebsiella |
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2nd gen cephalosporins
1. Cefoxitin 2. Cefaclor 3. Cefuroxime |
gram positive cocci
HEN PEcKS H. influenza Enterobacter aerogenes N. gonnorrhea Proteus E.coli Klebsiella Serratia |
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3rd gen cephalosporins
1. ceftriaxone 2. cefotaxime 3. ceftazidime |
serious gram negative infections resistant to other B-lactams, meningitis.
this penetrates the BBB |
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4th gen cephalosporins
1. Cefepime |
Increased activity against Pseudomonas and gram positive organisms
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Aztreonam
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This monobactam is resistant to B-lactamases. Works by inhibiting cell wall synthesis (binds to PBP3)
Give this bitch with aminogylcosides, and don't worry about cross-allergenicty with penicillin--cuz there aint nan. Give for gram negative rods -Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Serratia It doesnt work for gram positives or ANAEROBES Give to those with renal probs who cant tolerate aminoglycosides |
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Imipenem/Meropenem
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Broad spectrum, B-lactamase-resistant carbapenem.
Good for gram positive cocci, gram negative rods, and anaerobes. Drug of choice for Enterobacter |
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Vancomycin
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inhibits cell wall mucopeptide formation by binding D-ala D-ala portion of cell wall precursors.
give with serious gram positive multi-drug resistant organisms, like S. aureus and C. difficle. |
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Aminoglycosides
1. Gentamicin 2. Neomycin 3 Amikacin 4. Tobramycin 5. Streptomycin |
Inhibits formation of initiation complex and causes misreading of mRNA.
it NEEDS O2 for uptake, therefore making it inefficient against anaerobes. give for gram-negative infections. Synergy with B-lactam antibiotics Neomycin for bowel surgery |
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Tetracyclins
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It prevents attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA.
Doesnt get into the CNS, but can be used in patients with renal failure bc it is fecally eliminated. But you cannot take with milk, antiacids, or iron containing preparations due to the whole divalent cation thing. VACUUM THe BedRoom V. cholerae Acne Chlamydia Ureaplasma Urealyticum Mycoplasma pneumoniae Tularemia H. pylori Borrelia burgdorferi Rickettsia |
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Macrolides
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These inhibit protein synthesis by blocking translocation, binding to 23S rRNA of 50S subunit. (Macrolide is the newest Transformer, blocks translocation) Stupid.
Good for URIs, Pneumonia, STDs, and atypicals Mycoplasma Legionella Chylamydia Neisseria |
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Chloramphenicol
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Inhibits 50S peptidlytransferase activity
Great for meningitis |
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Clindamycin
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Blocks peptide bond formation at 50S ribosomal subunit.
-Think of cLINDA, the cock blocking whore who blocked peptide James Bond formation. Treats anaerobic infections like B. fragilis, C. perfringens above the diaphragm. |
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Sulfonamides
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Inhibits dihydropteroate snythetase
great for gram positive, gram negative, Nocardia, and Chlamydia. |
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Trimethoprim
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Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase.
Its combo'ed with Sulfonamides to treat recurrent UTIs, Shigella, Salmonella, Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia |
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Fluoroquinolones
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Inhibits DNA gyrase (topo II)
Don't take with antacids. Please dont take with antacids Use for gram negative rods of urinary and GI tracts, Neisseria, and some gram positives |
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Metronidazole
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forms toxic metabolites in the bacterial cells that damages DNA.
GET GAP on the METRO Giardia Entamoeba Trichomonas Gardenalla vaginalis Anaerobes (bacterioides, fragilis) H. Pylori |
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Polymyxins
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Bind to the cell membrane of bacteria and disrupt their osmotic properties. they are cationic, basic proteins that work like detergents.
Get resistant gram-negative infections |
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Isoniazid
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decreases the synthesis of mycolic acids. great for TB. only prophylaxis for TB.
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Rifampin
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inhibits DNA-dependent RNA poly.
Good for TB, delays resistance to dapsone when used for leprosy. Good for meningococcal prophylaxis. Good to give kids if other kids have H. Influenza B and you dont want them to get it. |
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Amphotericin B
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Binds ergosterol and forms membrane pores that allow leakage of electrolytes.
Good for a wide range of systemic mycoses. Crypto Blasto Coccidio Aspergillus Hiso Candida Mucor can be given intrathecally for meningitis. does not cross BBB |
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Nystatin
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binds to ergosterol and disrupts the fungal membranes. Very toxic.
good for the ole swish and swallow or topical for diaper rash or vaginal candidiasis |
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Azoles
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Inhibits ergosterol synthesis
Good for systemic mycoses. Fluconazole for crypto meningitis in AIDS patients bc it can cross BBB and candidal infections of ALL types Ketoconazole for Blasto, Histo, Coccidio, Candida albicans, hypercortisolism. Clotrimazole and Miconazole for topical fungal infections |
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Flucytosine
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This inhibits DNA synthesis. No precursors---> Pyrimidines like you see in that picture.
Good for systemic infections(Candida and Crypto) in combo with Amphotericin B. |
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Caspofungin
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Inhibits cell wall synthesis by inhibiting the making of B-glucan.
Invasive aspergillosis |
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Terbinafine
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Inhibits the fungal enzyme squalene epoxidase. think of Squalene the Islam, wearing his terbin.
Good for dermatophytoses, especially onychomycosis |
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Griseofulvin
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It interferes with microtubule function and disrupts mitosis. Somehow, it gets stuck in your fingernails and in other keratin containing tissues.
Oral treatment of superficial infections. Inhibits the growth of dermatophytes (tinea, ringworm) this is the one at the bottom of the page, inhibiting microtubules. |
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Amantadine
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Blocks viral uncoating (M2 protein), releases dopamine from intact nerve terminals, and may buffer the pH of the endosome.
its good prophylaxis and treatment of Influenza A, Parkinsons, and Rubella. |
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Zanamivir
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Inhibits influenza neuraminidase, thus decreasing the progeny virus
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Oseltamivir
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Inhibits influenza neuraminidase, thus decreasing the progeny virus
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Ribavirin
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This inhibits the making of guanine nucleotides by competitively inhibiting IMP dehydrogenase.
Good to use in RSV, chronic Hep C. |
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Acyclovir
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One single PO4 is added to this drug by HSV/VZV thymidine kinase. It is a guanosine analog.
the cellular enzymes form triphosphate. overall, after all that bullshit, it inhibits viral DNA polymerase by chain termination Use in HSV, VZV, EBV. good for HSV genital and encephalitis. good to give prophylactically. VZV better responds to famciclovir |
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Ganciclovir
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5-monophosphate formed by CMV viral kinase or HSV/VZV thymidine kinase. A guanosine analog.
triphosphate formed by cellular kinases. it prefers to inhibit viral DNA polymerase. Good for CMV, especially in immunocompromised. |
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Foscarnet
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Inhibits Viral DNA polymerase by binding to the pyrophosphate binding site of the enzyme. Does not require activation by a viral kinase.
CMV retinitis in immunocompromised pateints. |
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Protease Inhbitors (-navirs)
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inhibit maturation of new virus by blocking protease in progeny virions.
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Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
1. ZDV 2. zalcitabine 3. didanosine 4. zalcitabine 5. stavudine 6. lamivudine 7. abacavir |
Preferentially inhibits reverse transcriptase of HIV---prevents incorporation of DNA copy of viral genome into host DNA.
It is a part of HAART, generally added with a protease inhibitor, and is given when CD4 count gets low. ZDV is given prophylactially during pregnancy |
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Non-nucleoside Reverse transcriptase Inhibitors
1. Nevirapine 2. Efavirenz 3. Delaviridine |
Preferentially inhibits reverse transcriptase of HIV---prevents incorporation of DNA copy of viral genome into host DNA.
It is a part of HAART, generally added with a protease inhibitor, and is given when CD4 count gets low. ZDV is given prophylactially during pregnancy |
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Enfuvirtide
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A fusion inhibitor that binds to gp41, thus inhibiting conformational change required for fusion with CD4 cells. It blocks entry and replication
give this to people with persistent viral replication in spite of antiviral therapy. combo with other drugs |
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Interferons
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Glycoproteins from human leukocytes that block various stages of viral RNA and DNA synthesis.
It induces ribonuclease that degrades viral DNA INF-alpha for Hep B, Hep C, Karposi INF B for MS INF-gamma- NADPH oxidase deficiency |
