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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Wheal
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pale red, palpable, superficial lesion, evanescent, disappearing in 1-2 d
irregular, transient, superficial area of localized skin edema caused by edema in the papillary level of the dermis |
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Comedone
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a plug of keratinous material and skin oils reined in a follicle
open is black closed is white |
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Papule
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superficial, elevated, palpable lesion
any solid, elevated "bump" <1 cm |
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Plaque
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raised plateau-like lesion, no depth, often a confluence of papules
>1 cm |
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Macule
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lesion without elevation or depression
circumscribed color change without elevation or depression <1 cm |
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Patch
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flat lesion without elevation or depression
>1 cm |
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Vesicle
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elevated, fluid-filled blister
<1 cm |
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Bulla
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elevated, fluid-filled blister
>1 cm |
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Nodule
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solid lesion with palpable elevation
marble like, deeper and firmer than papule >0.5 cm |
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Tumor
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solid growth
>5 cm |
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Cyst
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encapsulated lesion, filled with soft material
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Pustule
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elevated blister of any size filled with purulent exudate
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Telangectasia
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small, dilated blood vessels near surface of skin or mucous membranes
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Bullous Impetigo
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- Flaccid transparent
-blister ruptures easily -2nd to staph or strep -infant + adolescents |
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Urticaria
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-palpable red rash
-itchy -hypersensitivity reaction -pink/red lesion w flat papules |
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Rosecea
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-hx of easy flushing
-telangiectasias -stress related (physical n emotional) -inflammed papules + papulopustules |
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Tinea Capitis
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-round scaling alopecia
-hair breaks close o skin -tinea tonsurans infection -seborrheic dermatitis |
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Seborrheic dermatitis
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-Dermatosis papulosa nigra in black ppl
-Trunk and face mostly -benign lesion yellow/brown palpable lesion -appear stuck on, greasy, velvety |
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Actinic Keratosis
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-may advance to squamous carcinoma
-round, irregular,flat papules -face and hands -pink,tan, gray |
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Onycholysis
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-nail plate n nail bed separate
-painless -excess manicures, fungal inf., psoriasis |
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Trichotillomania
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-Hair loss from pulling/twisting
-hair shaft r broken w diff. lengths |
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Spider Angioma
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-Fiery red up to 2cm
-central body w radiating legs (spider) -never below waist -pressure on body blanches spider legs |
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Pityriasis Rosea
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-herald patch
-mild pruritus -pink to brown -malaise,nausea, H/A -scaly margins |
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Carotenemia
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-does not affect sclera
-2nd high ingestion of yellow veggies n fruit -palms n soles of feet |
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% body weight of skin
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16%
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What part of the skin is supplied with blood vessels?
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Dermis
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Four pigments of normal skin:
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Melanin
Carotene Oxyhemoglobin Deoxyhemoglobin |
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What pigment is decreased in a pallored individual?
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Oxyhemoglobin
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What skin pigmentation is a result of liver disease or excessive hemolysis of RBCs?
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Jaundice
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Causes of central cyanosis
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Advanced lung dx, pulm edema, congenital heart dx, hemoglobinopathies
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Causes of peripheral cyanosis
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CHF, venous obstruction
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Central cyanosis is the result of low oxygen in the (arterial/venous) blood
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Arterial
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Short, fine, inconspicuous & unpigmented hair is called...
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Vellus hair
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Terminal hair is....
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coarse, thicker, conspicuous & pigmented, i.e. scalp & eyebrows
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You would see (sparse/silky) hair in hypothyroidism?
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sparse
fine & silky in hyperthyroidism |
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Body odor is associated with bacterial decomposition of this type of sweat...
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apocrine
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Eccrine sweat glands are what...
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widely distributed, open directly onto skin surface & help control body temp
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Dry skin, aging, pregnancy, uremia, jaundice, lymphomas/leukemias, drug rxns & lice are causes of what skin symptom?
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Itching
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HARMM stands for...
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History of previous melanoma
Age >50y/o Regular dermatologist visit Mole changing Male gender |
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ABCDE method for screening moles
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A- asymmetry
B- borders C- color D- diameter (>6mm) E- elevation |
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In a patient with hypothyroidism, you may see skin that is...
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dry, rough & cool
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What is heliothrope?
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violaceous eruption over eyelids in dermatomyositis
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The pattern and shape of tinea corporis is often referred to as...
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serpiginous; slow forming, "creeping", leaving scar tissue as is moves up
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The visible & palpable thickening of the epidermis & roughing of the skin w/ normal skin furrows is called...
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lichenification
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Keloids are...
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hypertrophic scarring that extends beyond the borders of the initiating injury
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Nonscarring loss of the superficial epidermis, surface is moist but does not bleed is called...
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Erosion
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An increased production of sebum which combine w/ keratinocytes to plug the follicular opening is commonly known as...
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Acne
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The difference between petechiae/purpura and ecchymosis is...
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Ecchymosis is caused by trauma, petechiae/purpura are spontaneous eruptions of vessels 2/2 bleeding disorders, TTP, etc.
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Major functions of the skin
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Provide homeostasis
Provide boundaries for body fluids Protect underlying tissues Modulate body temp Synthesize Vitamin D |
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Angle between the proximal nail fold & nail plate is...
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normally <180degrees
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It takes approx how long for skin to migrate from the inner to outer layer (epidermis)?
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1 month
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Psoriasis is found primarily on the (extensor/flexor) surfaces?
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Extensor
**head, elbow, back, trunk, hands, knees, feet** |
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Eczema is found primarily on the (extensor/flexor) surfaces?
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Flexor
**face, lower arms, neck, AC, wrist, back of knees, tops of feet** |
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appears as a red, scaly patch on sun-exposed areas of skin, primarily in adults >60y/o, may develop from actinic keratosis
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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common in fair-skinned person, >40y/o, appears as a translucent nodule w/ a depressed center
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Basal cell carcinoma
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Curving transverse white bands that cross nail parallel to lunula
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Mees' lines
2/2 disrupted matrix of the proximal nail seen in arsenic poisoning, HF, hodgkins dx, chemo, CO poisoning, leprosy |
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bilateral depression of nail plates
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Beau's lines
2/2 systemic illness |
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Nail condition seen in psoriasis 2/2 defective layering of the superficial nail
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Pitting
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Bullous pemphigoid
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tense bullae arising on skin that may be normal, erythematous or urticarial
Begin in lower extremities and progresses upwards; no mucous membrane involvement Seen in elderly patients 2/2 autoimmune dx against components of the epidermal basement membrane |
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Steven-Johnson syndrome
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macular rash blisters and erosion red & raw skin; skin is tender!!!
recent h/o fever, malaise, headache & myalgias; starts on face/central trunk; + mucosal involve. All age groups 2/2 causative medication |
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Guttate psoriasis
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small, round and ovoid lesions; silvery adjacent scales
Upper trunk & proximal extremities; face/scalp/ear involvement Young adults 2/2 strep throat infections |
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Tinea Corpois
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round, pink plaques w/ small peripheral papules and a rim of scales; sharp, raised border w/ central clearing;
Back & neck most common All ages 2/2 fungal infection |
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Secondary syphillis
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oval papules/plaques in sexually active people, copper red to hyperpigmented in color
Diffuse, symmetrical presence; involve mucosa & palms/soles of extremities Sexually active persons 2/2 primary syphilis, h/o transient, painless genital ulcer, occurs ~8wks after exposure |
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Melanoma
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dark brown/black macule w/ pigment variation & irregular borders
upper back (males), legs (females) Adults 40-50s develop from pre-existing melanocytic nevus |
