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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The most common diffuse breast disorder is?
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Fibrocystic change (FCC)
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Clinical features of benign fibrocystic change?
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-women 35-55 years -breast pain (mastodynia) -multiple breast lumps (typically indicating cysts) -pain and nodularity varies with menstrual cycle -symptoms typically regress after menopause |
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Sono features of FCC?
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-multiple cysts of carying sizes -microcyst cluster can appear as a thinly septated cyst ( represent cystically dilated ductules within a lobule/TDLU with intervening hypoechoic fibrous walls) -duct dilation -increase echogenicity and attenuation of mammary layer ( from stromal fibrosis) -Enlarged lobules may occasinally be sen as a small hyoechoic or isoechoic nodules, best seen when surrounded by hyperechoic fibrous stromal tissue |
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Adenosis is?
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increase in size and number of the ductules (acini) and lobules
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Epitheliosis is?
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-epithelial hyperplasia -increase in the number of epithelial cell layers within athe ducts and lobules without an increase in the number of ducts or glands |
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Stromal fibrosis is?
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-overgrowth of the fibrous connective tissues
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Clinical features of breast cysts are?
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-most common cause of a breast lump -occurrence more common b/w 35-50 years -single or multiple -mobile, compressible (unless tense) -cylic tenderness size can vary with menstrual cycle -typically subside after menopause - may persist after menopause in woman on HRT, digitalis, or meds that elevate estrogen levels |
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Mammo features of cysts are?
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-round, oval shape -smooth circumscribed margins'-radiolucent halo sign ( thin, lucent rim of compressed tissue around cyst-benign feature) -water density mass (can be low-high density relative to fat density) |
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Galactocele is? |
milk-filled retention cyst associated with lactation
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Clinical features of Galactocele?
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-palpable mass in pregnancy or lactating woman -subareolar location most common -infected glactocele can lead to mastitis or abscess formation -persistent galactocele can transform into an oil cyst |
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Galactocele develops secondary to?
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duct stasis and obstruction
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Mammo features of galactocele?
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-well-circumscribed mass -variable density depending on fat content, often radiolucent -rim calcification |
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Sono features for galactocele?
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-round, oval, or midly lobulated -well circumscribed, smooth margins -cystic mass with internal echoes generated from fatty contents -less often anechoic -distal sound enhancement, but may be less than with simple cyst -fat-fluid level possible -wall calcification associated with oil cyst -milky fluid upon aspiration is diagnostic of a galactocele |
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Sebaceous cyst occurs due to?
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renention cyst resulting form obstructed sebaceous gland or hair follicle |
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Epidermal inclusion cysts may occur secondary to?
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trauma |
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Clinical features of subcutaneous cyst or epidermal cyst?
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-palpable, subcutaneous mass, can bulge skin -most common location sare near areola or at inferior breast -may be associated with darkened skin pore - may become inflamed cyst can lead to abscess formation |
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Sono features of subcutaneous cyst?
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-subcutaneous location, typically involving the dermis - may cause focal skin thickening -round or oval shape -well-circumscribed margins - may be anechoic or contain low-medium level echoes -posterior acoustice enhancement |
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Breast inflammation that occurs during lactation is called?
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-puerperal mastitis |
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Most common cause of "acute mastitis" is? |
puerperal mastitis
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Clinical features of mastitis?
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-tender, edematous breast -skin thickening, reddening in region of plugged milk duct -possible putulent duct discharge -enlarged painful axillary nodes -leukocytosis and possible fever |
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Sono features of mastitis?
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-skin thicjening wit increased echogenicity -dilated lymph channels paraelleling the skin -dilated ducts containing echogenicity of suncutaneous fat wit poor delineation of fat/parenchymal interface -edematous parenchymal pattern, interstitial fluid -possible abscess formation |
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Abscess formatio is a cpmplication of?
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breast infection (mastitis)
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Most breast asbcesses are ___ in location? |
subareolar
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Periductal mastitis is referred to as?
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plasma cell mastistis, chronic mastitis, or mammary duct ectasia
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Periductal mastitis is?
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-a non-infectious form of mastitis and certain features amy mimic carcinoma
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Periductal mastitis typically affects?
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peri and post menopausal women
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Perdictal mastitis is usually? Involves?
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-bilateral -invole subareolar structures |
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Sono features of duct ectasia?
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-dilated subareolar ducts that contain anechoic fluid or diffuse echoes from inspissated material -possible duct wall thickening or ill-defined borders from periductal fibrosis -Doppler may show increase flow along duct wall -possibel subareolar abcsess -possible nipple retraction |
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Mondor's Disease is?
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Represents thrombophelbitis of superficial veins of the anterior ches and breast
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Mondor's Disease is usually?
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unilateral
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Clinical features of Mondor's disease?
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-sudden onset of breast or chest pain -development of a superficial cord-like mass -associated tenderness, erythema and possibel retraction of overlying skin |
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Sono features of Mondor's disease?
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-dilation of affected vein with internal echoes indicating clot -Doppler shows absent/ decreased blood flow in clotted segment -adjacent skin may show focal thickening -adjacent tissues ma show edematous changes |
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Fat necrosis is more common in?
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older women with large fatty breasts
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Sono fat necrosis?
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-bibrotic formand irregular or spiculated, ill-defined, hypoechoic mass with acoustic shadowing - complex mass -oil cysts: circumscribed, round or oval cystic mass, anechoic or low-medium level internal echoes, distal wall enhancement, wall calcification causes hyperechoic walls |
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What are treatments for stage 1 and 2 cancers?
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-lumpectomy and radiation therapy
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