Uk Test

Front 1

Alliance

Back 1

Treaties with other countries and the Lib-Dem alliance to form a party.

Front 2

Alternative Voting (AV)

Back 2

The Alternative Vote (AV) is a preferential system where the voter ranks the candidates in order of preference.Each voter has one vote, but rather than an X, they put a '1' by their first choice a '2' by their second choice, and so on, until they no longer wish to express any further preferences or run out of candidates.Candidates are elected outright if they gain more than half the votes as first preferences. If not, the candidate who lost (the one with least first preferences) is eliminated and their votes move to the second preference marked on the ballot papers. This process continues until one candidate has half of the votes and is elected.

Front 3

Backbenchers vs. Frontbenchers

Back 3

In both the Commons and the Lords, Government ministers and Opposition shadow ministers sit on the front benches and are known as 'frontbenchers'.MPs and Members of the Lords who do not hold ministerial positions sit towards the back of the Chamber and are known as 'backbenchers'.

Front 4

Beveridge Report

Back 4

provided for a social insurance program that made all citizens eligible for health, unemployment, pension, and other benefits

Front 5

Blair/Blairism

Back 5

promised to create a "new labour" party and rule in a "third way", a middle ground between the far left and Thatcherism.

Front 6

BBC

Back 6

Major linkage institution, sought to educate citizens, came out during the collective consensus era, respectful of government officials, Labour Party supports it with a license fee on all televisions

Front 7

British National Party

Back 7

Far right party that has never held a parliamentary seat, is very antimissile/ immigrant and racist- Britain for Britons.

Front 8

David Cameron

Back 8

Conservative Prime Minister who initiated the Big Society (the increased role of society in governmental functions and policy).

Front 9

Jeremy Corbyn

Back 9

Leader of the Labour party, far left.

Front 10

Tim Farron

Back 10

Leader of the Lib-Dems

Front 11

Caucuses

Back 11

meetings of people from the same area or of like mind (political parties or movements).

Front 12

Civic Culture

Back 12

a political culture in which citizens widely share a belief in the legitimacy of their regime and a trust in the government; therefore the citizens demonstrate restraint in their demands on the government

Front 13

Clause 4

Back 13

What is clause IV?It’s the part of the 1918 text of the UK Labour Party constitution which set out the aims and values of the party. It was revised in 1995 by then leader Tony Blair.Why is it important?Originally it was seen as the party’s commitment to socialism. After Blair made amendments, it was seen as the party’s acceptance of Thatcherism, the free market and privatisation. The clause is therefore, in many respects, the backbone to what the party believes in.

Front 14

Coalition Government

Back 14

When no party wins a majority of the seats in parliament, two or more parties cooperate to form a government.

Front 15

Confederation of Business and Industry (CBI)

Back 15

The UK's most important group representing the private sector.

Front 16

Collective Consensus

Back 16

both the Labour and the Conservative parties supported the development of a modern welfare system

Front 17

Collective Responsibility

Back 17

in a parliamentary system, the concept that all cabinet members agree on policy decisions and that all will be responsible for the results

Front 18

Conservative party (tories )

Back 18

Headed by DC, right wing, traditionally supported by the wealthy.

Front 19

Constitution of the Crown

Back 19

unwritten constitution composed of important documents, common law, and customs- the body of laws of the UK.

Front 20

Corporatism

Back 20

when interest groups help dictate government policy

Front 21

Cultural heterogeneity

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Back 21

Cultural heterogeneity refers to the presence of multiple different cultures in a given population. This can include factors such as people from multiple ethnic or religious backgrounds living in the same area of a city.

Front 22

Debt Crisis

Back 22

Rapidly rising nation debt and lowered credit rating.

Front 23

Democratic Unionist Party

Back 23

Fourth largest party in parliament, operates in northern ireland aimed at maintaining Northern Irelands place in the UK.

Front 24

Devolution

Back 24

In a unitary system, the act of surrendering centralized power to subnational units, but ca be taken back.

Front 25

Ed Miliband

Back 25

Edward Samuel Miliband is a British Labour Party politician who was the Leader of the Labour Party and Leader of the Opposition between 2010 and 2015

Front 26

English Bill of Rights

Back 26

This document list rights retained by Parliament, not by individual citizens. William and Mary signed this document in 1688, giving important policymaking power to Parliament, including the power of the purse.

Front 27

FPTP

Back 27

The candidate with the most votes, but not necessarily the majority, wins.

Front 28

Glorious Revolution

Back 28

WIlliam and Mary invited to take the throne from King James II.

Front 29

Good Friday Agreement

Back 29

It was an agreement, between the British and Irish governments and most of the political parties in Northern Ireland, about how Northern Ireland should be governed. The talks leading up to the Agreement dealt with issues that had caused conflict during the previous 30 years. The agreement aimed to set up a nationalist and unionist power-sharing government in Northern Ireland.

Front 30

Gradualism

Back 30

political change in Britain, slowly changing over time, established strong traditions, helps to explain the tradition process, helped to avoid Communism

Front 31

Great Reform Act

Back 31

300,000 more men gained the right to vote and the House of Commons gained power relative to House of Lords

Front 32

hereditary peers vs life peers

Back 32

Hereditary peers in the HOL are those who inherited their titles. Life Lords are those who are ennobled by the Queen to the HOL.

Front 33

Home Rule

Back 33

Home Rule self-government in local matters by a city or county that is part of a national government

Front 34

House of Commons

Back 34

Lower house of parliament though the more powerful of the two. Initiates and passes legislation, handles finance, and approved budgets. Elected in general election, FPTP with single member districts.

Front 35

House of Lords

Back 35

Upper house, scrutinizes policy, laws and government, scrutinize government workers.

Front 36

Hung Parliament

Back 36

When no party gains a majority in a general election, and a coalition government must be formed (2010).

Front 37

Insularity

Back 37

the feeling of separation from the Continent of Europe, caused a cautious attitude toward participation in EU

Front 38

IRA

Back 38

Terrorist group that used guerrilla tactics to convince the UK to rejoin Ireland and surrender the northern segment.

Front 39

Labour Party

Back 39

Progressive, left wing party. Favored by the working class.

Front 40

Limited Government

Back 40

In this type of government everyone, including all authority figures, must obey laws. Constitutions, statements of rights, or other laws define the limits of those in power so they cannot take advantage of the elected, appointed, or inherited positions.

Front 41

Loyal Opposition

Back 41

the party that does not win the majority

Front 42

magna carta

Back 42

1215 King John signed this document, agreed to consult nobles before he made important political decisions, especially those regarding taxes, limited government

Front 43

John Major

Back 43

Thatcher's successor, at first followed her policies, later abolished the poll tax, reconciled with EU, and slowed social cutbacks and privatization

Front 44

Keynes and Keynesianism

Back 44

the economic theories of John Maynard Keynes who advocated government monetary and fiscal programs intended to stimulate business activity and increase employment

Front 45

Manifesto

Back 45

In Britain and other parliamentary systems, another term for a party's platform in an election campaign.

Front 46

Misery Index

Back 46

Unemployment rate + inflation rate

Front 47

Multi-nationalism

Back 47

England, Scotland, Wales, NI --> each with distinctive culture which come into conflict.

Front 48

Nationalism

Back 48

pride in being English, famous William Shakespeare quote, particularly around colonialism

Front 49

Neo-corporatism

Back 49

a structure in which business, labor, and state engage in bargaining over economic policies

Front 50

Neo Liberalism

Back 50

Thatcherism --> Bring back free market principles, decentralizing industries, capitalism.

Front 51

OPEC

Back 51

Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, regulates global oil prices and quantity.

Front 52

Oxbridge

Back 52

Oxford and Cambridge, the two oldest and most prominent UK universities, and key to public success.

Front 53

Parliamentary Party

Back 53

The members of parliament from a single party who are represented in parliament.

Front 54

Parliamentary Sovereignty

Back 54

The doctrine the grants Parliament absolute authority without check, crown in parliament, no judicial review.

Front 55

Parliamentary System

Back 55

the executive branch is fused with the legislative branch because the prime minister and the cabinet are actually the leaders of parliament, separation of powers does not exist

Front 56

Plaid Cymru

Back 56

Nationalist Welsh party

Front 57

Nationalization vs. privatization

Back 57

Nationalization is the assumed control of private industry by the government. Privatization is the assumed control of government industry by the private sector.

Front 58

Plurality Voting System

Back 58

FPTP

Front 59

Prime Minister's Question Time

Back 59

an opportunity for MPs and Members of the House of Lords to question government ministers about matters for which they are responsible. These questions are asked at the start of business in both chambers and are known as 'oral questions'.

Front 60

Proportional Representation

Back 60

Electoral system in which parties recieve a number of seats in parliament proportionate to their share of the vote.

Front 61

Quangos

Back 61

quasi-autonomous nongovernmental organizations, policy advisory boards appointed by the government, develop public policy, 5000 such organizations

Front 62

Rational-Legal Legitimacy

Back 62

Legitimacy based on a system of laws and procedures that are highly institutionalized.

Front 63

Referendum

Back 63

The name given to the political process in which the general public votes on an issue of public concern.

Front 64

Safe Districts

Back 64

a legislative district in which the likely voters support one political party or the other by an overwhelmingly large margin

Front 65

Scottish National Party

Back 65

nationalist scottish party which advocated fro scottish rights

Front 66

Single Member Plurality

Back 66

Voters in a single member plurality election cast a vote for one candidate. The candidate receiving the most votes wins.

Front 67

Sinn Fein

Back 67

nationalist Irish party with the hope of a united Ireland, catholic.

Front 68

Shadow Cabinet

Back 68

In systems like Britain's, the official leadership of the opposition party that "shadows/mirrors" the cabinet.

Front 69

Social Democratic Party

Back 69

A split from Labour, moved towards the center and came to merge with the Lib-Dems.

Front 70

Margaret Thatcher/ Thatcherism

Back 70

"revolution" toward a free market economy affected political attitude, rejected collectivism and interest based politics, emphasis on redistribtuion of resources, fostered entrepreneurial values of individualism

Front 71

Third Way

Back 71

a centrist alternative to the old Labour Party on the left and the Conservative Party on the right

Front 72

Three Line Whip

Back 72

A very important matter to a party that requires full cooperation in voting; defying such a whip could result in a MP or Lord being expelled from his party.

Front 73

Trade union congress (TUC)

Back 73

Britain's leading trade union confederation.

Front 74

United Kingdom Independence Party

Back 74

Nationalists, Eurosceptics, oppose EU membership.

Front 75

Unitary governments

Back 75

A government in which power is concentration in one geographic area or entity; subnational units lack power.

Front 76

Vote of No Confidence

Back 76

Parliament votes to remove or not to remove an official, PM. Vote against the party, not the man.

Front 77

Welfare State

Back 77

A set of public policies created to protect and meet citizens needs through direct or indirect provisions. Funded by wealth distribution = tax on the wealthy.

Front 78

White Paper

Back 78

White papers are policy documents produced by the Government that set out their proposals for future legislation. White Papers are often published as Command Papers and may include a draft version of a Bill that is being planned.

Front 79

Westminster Model

Back 79

Based on the absolute authority of Parliament, and the accountability of elected officials.

Front 80

Advanced Democracy

Back 80

States with a LONG history of liberalism, stable governments, civil liberties, rule of law, regular and fair elections, neutrality of the judiciary, open civil society, civilian control of the military, service economies, and independent lives of citizens separate from the government.

Front 81

New Labour Third Way

Back 81

return of interest based politics, centrist.

Front 82

modernism vs. postmodernism

Back 82

Dictates the interests of nations:

modernism: Set of values concerning modernization- encourages making money and economic success, rationalism, and technology.

Post-modernism- set of values after industrialization as economies become service-oriented, preservation of environment, healthcare and education, emphasizes quality of life over material gain.