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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What size is considered a small airway
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less than 2-3mm
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Does a small airway have cartilage
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no
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What keeps a small airway open
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the pulmonary parenchyma
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Why is air trapping seen in small airway disease
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there is no cartilage to hold the airway open making it more vulnerable to collapse
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What additional abnormalities on HRCT is commonly seen in small airway disease
4 |
Centrilobular nodules
GGO Tree in bud air trapping |
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How is small airway disease classified
3 |
impaction
inflammed obstruction |
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How do you determine what the primary classification of small airway disease is
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by the predominate finding
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What is the predominate finding when the airway is impacted
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Tree in bud pattern
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What is a common cause of airway disease caused by impaction
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infectious bronchiolitis and pan-bronchiolitis (uncommon)
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What is the primary finding in inflammation classification of small airway disease
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centrilobular nodules
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What is the cause of inflammation which leads to small airway disease (bronchiolitis)
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bronchopulmonary pna
hypersensitivity pna respiratory bronchiolitis (RB...smoking) follicular bronchiolitis BOOP |
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What is the primary finding of obstruction as a cause of small airway disease (bronchiolitis) on HRCT
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mosaic pattern
air trapping |
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What is the cause of obstruction classificaton which leads to small airway disease (bronchiolitis)
3 |
Hypersensitivity pna
BO (constrictive bronchiolitis) asthma |
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What is another name for small airway disease
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bronchiolitis
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What does the term tree in bud refer to
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impaction of the terminal bronchioles
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What is tree in bud pattern indicative of
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small airway disease
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What is the cause of tree in bud pattern almost every time
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infection
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What is the findings of panbronchiolitis
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diffuse tree in bud opacities
bronchiolectasis nodules |
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what race does panbronchioitis occur in
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east asians
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Is panbronchiolitis rare
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yes
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What is seen in follicular bronchiolitis
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centrilobular nodules
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What is follicular bronchiolitis similar to
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a localized form of lymphocytic interstial pna
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What is follicular bronchiolitis seen commonly with
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patients that have CVD
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What causes follicular bronchiolitis
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hypertrophy of the the peribronchiole lymphoid tissue
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What causes respiratory bronchiolitis
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smoking
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What is a worse form of RB
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DIP
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What causes RB
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aggregates of macrophages around the small respiratory bronchioles
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What is mosaic perfusion
What causes mosaic perfusion |
this is regional differences in lung attenuation
small airway disease (reflex vasoconstriction) or vascular disease (50% of what we see in the lungs on HRCT is from blood) |
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What percent of small airway disease have a component of mosaic perfusion from airway disease
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95
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What percent of small airway disease have a component of the mosaic pattern from vascular disease
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5
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What are the 2 causes of the mosaic perfusion
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small airway and vascular
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What causes the mosaic perfusion in small airway disease
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reflex vasoconstriction
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What are the findings in the mosaic perfusion pattern that may suggest vascular disease as the etiology
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larger lucent regions
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What may cause a large lucent area in a patient with mosaic pattern that is caused by vasculare disease
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chronic pe
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What are the findings in the mosaic perfusion pattern that may suggest small airway disease as the etiology
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lobulur lucencies
large or small polygonal lucency well marginated |
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What causes the polygonal lucieny
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the obstructed secondary nodule
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What happens to the mosaic pattern during the expiratory phase
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the normal lung increases in attenuation
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What is a reliable way to confirm air trapping
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expiratory CT
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What is more sensitive for detecting small airway disease; PFT or expiratory CT
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expiratory CT
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What is the cause of isolated mosaic pattern on CT
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BO
asthma HP |
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What percent of lung destruction is required before PFT will detect small airway disease
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30-40 %
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What happens to the pulmonary arteries in a patient with chronic PE
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they become enlarged
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What is the cause of hypersensitivity pneumonitis
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allergic lung disease that results from inhalation of organic antigens
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What does acute HP look like
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consolidation, GGO
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What does sub acute HP look like
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GGO, GGO nodules, air trapping, cyst
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What object does subacute HP look like
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headcheese (low density regions, normal density regions and increased density regions) NOT bc it has holes like cheese
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What does chronic HP look like
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fibrosis
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