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47 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What size is considered a small airway
less than 2-3mm
Does a small airway have cartilage
no
What keeps a small airway open
the pulmonary parenchyma
Why is air trapping seen in small airway disease
there is no cartilage to hold the airway open making it more vulnerable to collapse
What additional abnormalities on HRCT is commonly seen in small airway disease
4
Centrilobular nodules
GGO
Tree in bud
air trapping
How is small airway disease classified
3
impaction
inflammed
obstruction
How do you determine what the primary classification of small airway disease is
by the predominate finding
What is the predominate finding when the airway is impacted
Tree in bud pattern
What is a common cause of airway disease caused by impaction
infectious bronchiolitis and pan-bronchiolitis (uncommon)
What is the primary finding in inflammation classification of small airway disease
centrilobular nodules
What is the cause of inflammation which leads to small airway disease (bronchiolitis)
bronchopulmonary pna
hypersensitivity pna
respiratory bronchiolitis (RB...smoking)
follicular bronchiolitis
BOOP
What is the primary finding of obstruction as a cause of small airway disease (bronchiolitis) on HRCT
mosaic pattern
air trapping
What is the cause of obstruction classificaton which leads to small airway disease (bronchiolitis)
3
Hypersensitivity pna
BO (constrictive bronchiolitis)
asthma
What is another name for small airway disease
bronchiolitis
What does the term tree in bud refer to
impaction of the terminal bronchioles
What is tree in bud pattern indicative of
small airway disease
What is the cause of tree in bud pattern almost every time
infection
What is the findings of panbronchiolitis
diffuse tree in bud opacities
bronchiolectasis
nodules
what race does panbronchioitis occur in
east asians
Is panbronchiolitis rare
yes
What is seen in follicular bronchiolitis
centrilobular nodules
What is follicular bronchiolitis similar to
a localized form of lymphocytic interstial pna
What is follicular bronchiolitis seen commonly with
patients that have CVD
What causes follicular bronchiolitis
hypertrophy of the the peribronchiole lymphoid tissue
What causes respiratory bronchiolitis
smoking
What is a worse form of RB
DIP
What causes RB
aggregates of macrophages around the small respiratory bronchioles
What is mosaic perfusion

What causes mosaic perfusion
this is regional differences in lung attenuation

small airway disease (reflex vasoconstriction) or vascular disease (50% of what we see in the lungs on HRCT is from blood)
What percent of small airway disease have a component of mosaic perfusion from airway disease
95
What percent of small airway disease have a component of the mosaic pattern from vascular disease
5
What are the 2 causes of the mosaic perfusion
small airway and vascular
What causes the mosaic perfusion in small airway disease
reflex vasoconstriction
What are the findings in the mosaic perfusion pattern that may suggest vascular disease as the etiology
larger lucent regions
What may cause a large lucent area in a patient with mosaic pattern that is caused by vasculare disease
chronic pe
What are the findings in the mosaic perfusion pattern that may suggest small airway disease as the etiology
lobulur lucencies
large or small
polygonal lucency
well marginated
What causes the polygonal lucieny
the obstructed secondary nodule
What happens to the mosaic pattern during the expiratory phase
the normal lung increases in attenuation
What is a reliable way to confirm air trapping
expiratory CT
What is more sensitive for detecting small airway disease; PFT or expiratory CT
expiratory CT
What is the cause of isolated mosaic pattern on CT
BO
asthma
HP
What percent of lung destruction is required before PFT will detect small airway disease
30-40 %
What happens to the pulmonary arteries in a patient with chronic PE
they become enlarged
What is the cause of hypersensitivity pneumonitis
allergic lung disease that results from inhalation of organic antigens
What does acute HP look like
consolidation, GGO
What does sub acute HP look like
GGO, GGO nodules, air trapping, cyst
What object does subacute HP look like
headcheese (low density regions, normal density regions and increased density regions) NOT bc it has holes like cheese
What does chronic HP look like
fibrosis