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957 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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brachi-
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arm
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bucc-
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cheek
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caud-
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tail
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celi-
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abdomen
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cel-
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abdomen
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lapar-
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abdomen
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abdomin-
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abdomen
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ventr-
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abdomen
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cephal-
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head
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cervic-
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neck
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trachel-
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neck
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cheil-
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lip; labium [pl. labia]
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labi-
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lip; labium [pl. labia]
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cheir-
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hand
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chir-
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hand
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crur-
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leg; leg-like structure; thigh
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dactyl-
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digit; finger; toe
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derm-
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skin
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dermat-
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skin
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gnath-
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jaw
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inguin-
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groin
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later-
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the side [of the body]
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lumb-
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loin
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ment-
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chin
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om-
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shoulder
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omphal-
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navel; umbilicus
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umbilic-
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navel; umbilicus
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path-
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disease
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pod-
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foot
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ped-
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foot
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sarc-
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flesh
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soma-
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body
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somat-
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body
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thorac-
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chest; thorax
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steth-
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chest; thorax
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pector-
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chest; thorax
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-ad
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moving in a direction towards [when two roots are used, the first root denotes the origin and the second the direction. The order of the roots must be preserved with this suffix.]
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-ate
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having; having the form of
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-ics
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study (of a subject) [the termination -logy is more commonly used and should be used unless one is directed to use the suffic -ics]
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-ist
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a specialist (in a subject)
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-itis
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inflammation
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-oid
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resembling, like
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-osis
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disorder (of an organ/structure/function/characteristic); [abnormal] condition characterised/caused by (a substance) [Note that -osis is the most commonly used of these three suffixes; you must use -osis unless directed otherwise.]
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-ism
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disorder (of an organ/structure/function/characteristic); [abnormal] condition characterised/caused by (a substance) [Note that -osis is the most commonly used of these three suffixes; you must use -osis unless directed otherwise.]
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-iasis
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disorder (of an organ/structure/function/characteristic); [abnormal] condition characterised/caused by (a substance) [Note that -osis is the most commonly used of these three suffixes; you must use -osis unless directed otherwise.]
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-ous
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containing
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-ia
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Suffixes which create a noun. Often this suffix does not need translation, but if context requires it could be renderd as "condition" or "condition characterized by," but the translation will depend upon the context. No single definition is possible.
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-y
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Suffixes which create a noun. Often this suffix does not need translation, but if context requires it could be renderd as "condition" or "condition characterized by," but the translation will depend upon the context. No single definition is possible.
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-ic
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Suffixes which create an adjective. Most usually the meaning is "pertaining to" or located in," but it will depend upon context; in many instances these phrases cannot be used.
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-tic
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Suffixes which create an adjective. Most usually the meaning is "pertaining to" or located in," but it will depend upon context; in many instances these phrases cannot be used
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-al
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Suffixes which create an adjective. Most usually the meaning is "pertaining to" or located in," but it will depend upon context; in many instances these phrases cannot be used
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-ical
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Suffixes which create an adjective. Most usually the meaning is "pertaining to" or located in," but it will depend upon context; in many instances these phrases cannot be used
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-ac
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Suffixes which create an adjective. Most usually the meaning is "pertaining to" or located in," but it will depend upon context; in many instances these phrases cannot be used
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-ar
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Suffixes which create an adjective. Most usually the meaning is "pertaining to" or located in," but it will depend upon context; in many instances these phrases cannot be used
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-ary
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Suffixes which create an adjective. Most usually the meaning is "pertaining to" or located in," but it will depend upon context; in many instances these phrases cannot be used
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-eal
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Suffixes which create an adjective. Most usually the meaning is "pertaining to" or located in," but it will depend upon context; in many instances these phrases cannot be used
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-ine
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Suffixes which create an adjective. Most usually the meaning is "pertaining to" or located in," but it will depend upon context; in many instances these phrases cannot be used
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-ous
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Suffixes which create an adjective. Most usually the meaning is "pertaining to" or located in," but it will depend upon context; in many instances these phrases cannot be used
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-ize (-ise)
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Suffix which creates a verb, as in "to (do something)." Some possible renderings, depending on the context, include "to make," "to become," "to cause to be," "to subject to" or "to engage in."
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-algia
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pain [usually followed by "in"]
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-cele
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protrusion (of an organ or other structure); protrusion filled with (a substance)
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-ectome
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instrument used to excise [i.e., to cut out]
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-ectomize
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to excise; to cut out; to remove
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-ectomy
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excision; surgical removal
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-gram
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record
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-graph
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instrument used to record
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-graphy
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act of recording
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-logist
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a specialist in the study (of a subject)
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-logical
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pertaining to the study (of a subject)
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-logy
|
study (of a subject)
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-megaly
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enlargement (of an organ or structure)
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-meter
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instrument used to measure
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-metry
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measurement (of an organ, stucture, function, characteristic)
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-ostomy
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creation of a passage between (one organ) and (another organ); creation of a passage between two segments of (one organ)
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-pathic
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pertaining to disease; diseased
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-pathy
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disease
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-plasty
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surgical repair
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-scope
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instrument used to make visual examination [On rare occasion the instrument does not refer to visual examination but to examination by other means.]
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-scopy
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visual examination
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-tome
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instrument used to cut
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-tomy
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cutting into; incision
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a-
[an-] [ar-] |
absence; lack [if attached to a noun]
lacking; without [if attached to an adjective] [a- becomes an- when the following letter is a vowel or "h"; it becomes ar- when the following letter is "r" |
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ante-
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before
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pre-
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before
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pro-
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before
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anti-
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against
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de-
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from; down from; away
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dia-
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through
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dys-
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faulty; difficult; bad; painful [if attached to a noun]
with difficulty; badly [if attached to an adjective or verb] |
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ecto-
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outside
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en-
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in; within
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endo-
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in; within
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ento-
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in; within
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epi-
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on; upon; toward
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eso-
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in; into
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eiso-
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in; into
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eu-
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normal; good; well
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ex-
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out; out of; outside of
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exo-
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out; out of; outside of
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hyper-
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above; excessive; excess of; greater than normal
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hypo-
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below; under; less than normal; deficiency of
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sub-
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below; under; less than normal; deficiency of
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infra-
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below
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inter-
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between
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intra-
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within
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meta-
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beyond; after; change
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neo-
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new
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non-
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not
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para-
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beside; beyond
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peri-
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around
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circum-
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around
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post-
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after; behind; posterior
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super-
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above; beyond; superior
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supra-
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above; beyond; superior
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syn-
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with; together; fused [this meaning is used only in particular contexts.]
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con-
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with; together; fused [this meaning is used only in particular contexts.]
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trans-
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across; through
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blephar-
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eyelid
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chori-
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choroid; middle layer of the eye
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choroid-
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choroid; middle layer of the eye
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conjunctiv-
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conjunctiva; membrane that lines the eyelid
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cor-
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pupil
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core-
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pupil
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pupill-
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pupil
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cycl-
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ciliary body; the structure encircling the lens
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ciliar-
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ciliary body; the structure encircling the lens
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cili-
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ciliary body; the structure encircling the lens
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dacry-
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tear; tear sac
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lacrim-
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tear; tear sac
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dacryocyst-
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tear sac
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ir-
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iris
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irid-
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iris
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kerat-
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cornea
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cerat-
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cornea
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cornu-
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cornea
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corne-
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cornea
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ophthalm-
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eye
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ocul-
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eye
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opt-
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eye; vision
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phac-
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lens
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phak-
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lens
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lent-
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lens
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retin-
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retina; inner layer of the eye
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scler-
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sclera; outer layer of the eye
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auricul-
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auricle; pinna; the outer structure of the ear
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cochle-
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cochlea [liquid-filled structure through which sound vibrations pass]
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incud-
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incus; anvil-shaped bone of the middle ear
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labyrinth-
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labyrinth; inner ear
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malle-
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malleus; hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear
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myring-
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ear drum; tympanum
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ot-
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ear
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aur-
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ear; hearing
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phon-
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voice; sound
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staped-
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stapes; stirrup-shaped bone of the middle ear
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stapedi-
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stapes; stirrup-shaped bone of the middle ear
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tympan-
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ear drum; tympanum; middle ear [includes eardrum, malleus, stapes, and incus]
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andr-
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male
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anthrop-
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human being
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hom-
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human being
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homin-
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human being
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bi-
|
life
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vit-
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life
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dem-
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people
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dips-
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thirst
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gam-
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marriage; sexual union
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ger-
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old person/people; old age
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geront-
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old person/people; old age
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gyn-
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female
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gyne-
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female
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gynec-
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female
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gynaec-
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female
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hapt-
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sense of touch; touch
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haph-
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sense of touch; touch
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hygien-
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health
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iatr-
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medicine; physician
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mis-
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aversion (to something or someone)
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mort-
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death
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thanat-
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death
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necr-
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death; dead tissue/cells; corpse
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narc-
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stupor; sleep
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nat-
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birth; born
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ped-
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child
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paed-
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child
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-acousia
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sense of hearing
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-acousis
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sense of hearing
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-algesia
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pain
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-odynia
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pain
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-aphia
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sense of touch
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-centesis
|
surgical puncture [of an organ, to withdraw fluid]
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-cyte
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cell
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-dipsia
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thirst
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-ectasis
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dilation; expansion
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-ectasia
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dilation; expansion
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-ectopia
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malposition; displacement
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-ectopy
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malposition; displacement
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-edema
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fluid-filled swelling (of an organ or structure)
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-gamy
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marriage; sexual union
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-geusia
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sense of taste
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-geustia
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sense of taste
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-iatry
|
study and treatment [in specific reference to the medical profession or a physician]
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-iatrics
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study and treatment [in specific reference to the medical profession or a physician]
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-lysis
|
destruction; loosening; breakdown
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-lytic
|
pertaining to
destruction/loosening/breakdown |
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-necrosis
|
death [in reference to cells, tissues, or organs]
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-opia
|
visual disorder; vision; viewing; examination
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-opy
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visual disorder; vision; viewing; examination
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-opsia
|
visual disorder; vision; viewing; examination
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-orexia
|
appetite
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-orexis
|
appetite
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-osphresia
|
sense of smell
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-osphresis
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sense of smell
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-osmia
|
sense of smell
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-penia
|
deficiency (of a substance)
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-ptosis
|
prolapse [i.e., a slipping down of an organ or part of an organ]
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-rrhagia
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rapid discharge (of a substance, or from an organ or other location)
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-rhagia
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rapid discharge (of a substance, or from an organ or other location)
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-rrhage
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rapid discharge (of a substance, or from an organ or other location)
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-rhage
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rapid discharge (of a substance, or from an organ or other location)
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-rrhaphy
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suture
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-rrhea
|
discharge (of a substance, or from an organ or other location)
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-rhea
|
discharge (of a substance, or from an organ or other location)
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-rrhexis
|
rupture
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-rhexis
|
rupture
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-sclerosis
|
hardening (of an organ or other body structure); hardening caused by (a substance)
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-sepsis
|
infection
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-septic
|
pertaining to infection; infected
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-spasm
|
spasm
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-stasis
|
act of controlling
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-stat
|
device used to control; agent used to control
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-static
|
pertaining to control
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-stenosis
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narrowing; constriction
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-therapy
|
treatment (of an organ, sympton, or disease); treatment by means (of a substance or process)
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arachn-
|
arachnoid mater; arachnoid; interior layer of the meninges
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cerebell-
|
cerebellum; posterior part of the brain
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cerebr-
|
cerebrum; largest part of the brain
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cortic-
|
cortex [pl. cortices]; the outer layer (of an organ or biological structure)
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dendr-
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dendrite; threadlike extension of a neuron
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dur-
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dura mater; outermost layer of the meninges
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encephal-
|
encephalon; the brain
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gangli-
|
ganglion [pl. ganglia]; collection of nervous tissue
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gli-
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glia; supporting tissue of the brain and spinal cord
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hypothalam-
|
hypothalamus
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medull-
|
marrow; medulla; inner portion (of an organ or structure) [pl. medullae]
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mening-
|
meninges; membranes covering the spinal cord and brain
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meninge-
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meninges; membranes covering the spinal cord and brain
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meningi-
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meninges; membranes covering the spinal cord and brain
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myel-
|
bone marrow; spinal cord
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neur-
|
nerve; nervous system; nervous tissue
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nerv-
|
nerve; nervous system; nervous tissue
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pia-
|
pia mater; innermost layer of the meninges
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plex-
|
plexus; collection of nervous tissue; a collection of blood or lymph cells
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poli-
|
grey matter [of the nervous system]
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pont-
|
the pons Varolii [a bridge of tissue which connects portions of the nervous system within the brain]; (any) bridge of tissue (within a structure)
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rhiz-
|
root; nerve root
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radic-
|
root; nerve root
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radicul-
|
root; nerve root
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thalam-
|
thalamus
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ventricul-
|
ventricle; a small cavity
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oneir-
|
dream(s)
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onomat-
|
a name; a word
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phas-
|
speech
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phil-
|
love; strong preference/affinity (for something/someone)
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phob-
|
persistent and irrational fear (of something/someone)
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phren-
|
mind; mental activity
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psych-
|
mind; mental activity
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ment-
|
mind; mental activity
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-carcinoma
|
malignant tumour
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-esthesia
|
sensation; sensitivity
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-esthetic
|
pertaining to sensitivity
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-kinesia
|
movement
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-kinesis
|
movement
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-kinetic
|
pertaining to movement
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-malacia
|
softening (of an organ or structure)
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-philia
|
love (for something/someone); liking/preference (for something/someone); an affinity (for something)
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-phile
|
one who has love/liking/preference/affinity (for something/someone)
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-philic
|
loving/liking/preferring/having an affinity (for something/someone)
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-phobe
|
one who has a persistent and irrational fear (of something/someone)
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-phobia
|
persistent and irrational fear (of something/someone)
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-phobic
|
persistently and irrationally fearing (something/someone)
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-phoria
|
emotional state; state of feeling [i.e. a mental state; not used in relation to the five senses]
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-oma
|
tumour; swelling; abnormal mass
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-omata [pl. only]
|
tumours; swellings; abnormal masses
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-oncus
|
tumour; swelling; abnormal mass
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-plegia
|
paralysis
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bronch-
|
bronchus; branch of the trachea [pl. bronchi]
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bronchi-
|
bronchus; branch of the trachea [pl. bronchi]
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halit-
|
breath
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laryng-
|
larynx
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pharyng-
|
pharynx; throat
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phren-
|
diaphragm
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phrenic-
|
diaphragm
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pleur-
|
pleura; membrane enfolding the lung
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pne-
|
respiration
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spir-
|
respiration
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pneum-
|
lung
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pneumon-
|
lung
|
|
|
pulm-
|
lung
|
|
|
pulmon-
|
lung
|
|
|
rhin-
|
nose
|
|
|
nas-
|
nose
|
|
|
sin-
|
nasal sinus; sinus; cavity (within a structure)
|
|
|
sinu-
|
nasal sinus; sinus; cavity (within a structure)
|
|
|
sinus-
|
nasal sinus; sinus; cavity (within a structure)
|
|
|
trache-
|
trachea; windpipe
|
|
|
acet-
|
vinegar; acid
|
|
|
aer-
|
air; gas
|
|
|
pneum-
|
air; gas
|
|
|
pneumat-
|
air; gas
|
|
|
phys-
|
air; gas
|
|
|
amyl-
|
starch
|
|
|
blenn-
|
mucus
|
|
|
myx-
|
mucus
|
|
|
muc-
|
mucus
|
|
|
calc-
|
calcium; calcium salts; lime
|
|
|
calcin-
|
calcium; calcium salts; lime
|
|
|
chol-
|
bile; gall
|
|
|
chole-
|
bile; gall
[no connecting vowel follows] |
|
|
bili-
|
bile; gall
[no connecting vowel follows] |
|
|
chyl-
|
chyle; milky fluid in the intestines
|
|
|
chym-
|
chyme; gastric pulp
|
|
|
gli-
|
glue
|
|
|
coll-
|
jelly; gelatin; glue
|
|
|
gluten-
|
jelly; gelatin; glue
|
|
|
glutin-
|
jelly; gelatin; glue
|
|
|
copr-
|
feces
|
|
|
scat-
|
feces
|
|
|
fec-
|
feces
|
|
|
fecal-
|
feces
|
|
|
sterc-
|
feces
|
|
|
stercor-
|
feces
|
|
|
frug-
|
fruit sugar
|
|
|
fruct-
|
fruit sugar
|
|
|
fructos-
|
fruit sugar
|
|
|
galact-
|
milk
|
|
|
lact-
|
milk
|
|
|
gluc-
|
sugar
|
|
|
glyc-
|
sugar
|
|
|
sacchar-
|
sugar
|
|
|
hal-
|
salt
|
|
|
sal-
|
salt
|
|
|
hyal-
|
glass
|
|
|
vitri-
|
glass
|
|
|
hydr-
|
water, watery substance
|
|
|
aqu-
|
water
|
|
|
aqua-
|
water
|
|
|
aque-
|
water
|
|
|
kerat-
|
horn [noun]; horn-like [adjective]
|
|
|
cerat-
|
horn [noun]; horn-like [adjective]
|
|
|
cornu-
|
horn [noun]; horn-like [adjective]
|
|
|
corne-
|
horn [noun]; horn-like [adjective]
|
|
|
lith-
|
stone; calculus [pl. calculi]
|
|
|
myc-
|
fungus
|
|
|
mycet-
|
fungus
|
|
|
nephel-
|
mist; cloudiness
|
|
|
ole-
|
oil
|
|
|
oxy-
|
oxygen; acid
[no connecting vowel follows] |
|
|
pharmac-
|
drug
|
|
|
-pnea
|
respiration
|
|
|
-lith
|
stone [or calculus] (in an organ or other tissue)
|
|
|
Which prefixes never elide?
|
a-, ante-, de-, eu-, infra-, intra-, neo-, peri-, pre-, pro-, supra-.
|
|
|
How and when does the prefix 'en-' assimilate?
|
It becomes 'em-' before b, p, m.
|
|
|
How and when does the prefix 'syn-' assimilate?
|
It becomes 'sym-' before b, p, m.
|
|
|
How and when does the prefix 'con-' assimilate?
|
It becomes:
'co-' before a vowel or h 'col-' before l 'com-' before b,p, m. |
|
|
balan-
|
glans penis
|
|
|
didym-
|
testis [pl. testes]; testicle
|
|
|
orchid-
|
testis [pl. testes]; testicle
|
|
|
orchi-
|
testis [pl. testes]; testicle
|
|
|
orche-
|
testis [pl. testes]; testicle
|
|
|
orch-
|
testis [pl. testes]; testicle
|
|
|
test-
|
testis [pl. testes]; testicle
|
|
|
epididym-
|
epididymis
|
|
|
gonad-
|
gonad; testes or ovaries [generic term]
|
|
|
osche-
|
scrotum
|
|
|
phall-
|
penis
|
|
|
pen-
|
penis
|
|
|
prostat-
|
prostate
|
|
|
pub-
|
pubis; pubic bone; pubic region
|
|
|
semin-
|
semen
|
|
|
spermat-
|
semen; spermatozoa; seminal cord; seminal vesicle
|
|
|
vas-
|
vas deferens
|
|
|
cervic-
|
cervix; the neck of the uterus
|
|
|
colp-
|
vagina
|
|
|
vagin-
|
vagina
|
|
|
episi-
|
vulva
|
|
|
vulv-
|
vulva
|
|
|
hymen-
|
hymen
|
|
|
hyster-
|
uterus
|
|
|
metr-
|
uterus
|
|
|
uter-
|
uterus
|
|
|
mamm-
|
breast
|
|
|
mast-
|
breast
|
|
|
men-
|
menstruation; menstrual cycle
|
|
|
o-
|
egg
|
|
|
ov-
|
egg
|
|
|
oophor-
|
ovary
|
|
|
ovari-
|
ovary
|
|
|
perine-
|
perineum; region between anus and scrotum or anus and vulva
|
|
|
salping-
|
Fallopian tube; a tube [within a biological structure]
|
|
|
tub-
|
Fallopian tube; a tube [within a biological structure]
|
|
|
thel-
|
nipple
|
|
|
erot-
|
sexual desire; sexual act
|
|
|
genit-
|
reproduction; genitals
|
|
|
toc-
|
childbirth
|
|
|
ambly-
|
dull; blunt
[no connecting vowel follows] |
|
|
amph-
|
both
[connecting vowel is either 'i' or 'o'] |
|
|
amb-
|
both
[connecting vowel is always 'i'] |
|
|
arch-
|
ancient; primitive; original; first; chief; principal
|
|
|
archae-
|
ancient; primitive; original; first; chief; principal
|
|
|
arche-
|
ancient; primitive; original; first; chief; principal
|
|
|
aut-
|
spontaneous; itself; own; self
[almost always placed at the beginning of a term, even if it modifies a termination] |
|
|
cac-
|
unpleasant; bad
|
|
|
kak-
|
unpleasant; bad
|
|
|
crypt-
|
hidden
|
|
|
ambly-
|
dull; blunt
[no connecting vowel follows] |
|
|
amph-
|
both
[connecting vowel is either 'i' or 'o'] |
|
|
amb-
|
both
[connecting vowel is always 'i'] |
|
|
arch-
|
ancient; primitive; original; first; chief; principal
|
|
|
archae-
|
ancient; primitive; original; first; chief; principal
|
|
|
arche-
|
ancient; primitive; original; first; chief; principal
|
|
|
aut-
|
spontaneous; itself; own; self
[almost always placed at the beginning of a term, even if it modifies a termination] |
|
|
cac-
|
unpleasant; bad
|
|
|
kak-
|
unpleasant; bad
|
|
|
ambly-
|
dull; blunt
[no connecting vowel follows] |
|
|
crypt-
|
hidden
|
|
|
amph-
|
both
[connecting vowel is either 'i' or 'o'] |
|
|
amb-
|
both
[connecting vowel is always 'i'] |
|
|
arch-
|
ancient; primitive; original; first; chief; principal
|
|
|
archae-
|
ancient; primitive; original; first; chief; principal
|
|
|
arche-
|
ancient; primitive; original; first; chief; principal
|
|
|
aut-
|
spontaneous; itself; own; self
[almost always placed at the beginning of a term, even if it modifies a termination] |
|
|
cac-
|
unpleasant; bad
|
|
|
kak-
|
unpleasant; bad
|
|
|
crypt-
|
hidden
|
|
|
echin-
|
spiny [adjective]; spine [noun]
|
|
|
gymn-
|
naked
|
|
|
hem-
|
half
[connecting vowel is 'i'] |
|
|
sem-
|
half [connecting vowel is 'i']
|
|
|
pan-
|
all; entire; whole
[no connecting vowel follows] |
|
|
echin-
|
spiny [adjective]; spine [noun]
|
|
|
gymn-
|
naked
|
|
|
hol-
|
all; entire; whole
|
|
|
hem-
|
half [connecting vowel is 'i']
|
|
|
-atresia
|
absence (of a normal bodily opening)
|
|
|
sem-
|
half
[connecting vowel is 'i'] |
|
|
-blast
|
embryonic cell
|
|
|
-cide
|
act of killing/destroying; agent used to kill/destroy [usually preceded by the connecting vowel 'i']
|
|
|
pan-
|
all; entire; whole
[no connecting vowel follows] |
|
|
hol-
|
all; entire; whole
|
|
|
-cleisis
|
closure
|
|
|
-atresia
|
absence (of a normal bodily opening)
|
|
|
-blast
|
embryonic cell
|
|
|
-cide
|
act of killing/destroying; agent used to kill/destroy
[usually preceded by the connecting vowel 'i'] |
|
|
-cleisis
|
closure
|
|
|
-cyesis
|
pregnancy
|
|
|
-genesis
|
formation; development; growth
|
|
|
-genic
|
producing; forming; produced by
|
|
|
-gravida
|
woman who is (or has been) pregnant for (nth time) [the root which immediately precedes indicates the number of pregnancies experienced; the connecting vowel preceding is always 'i']
|
|
|
-para
|
woman who has given birth (n times)
[the root which immediately precedes indicates the number of pregnancies experienced; the connecting vowel preceding is always 'i'] |
|
|
-pexy
|
surgical attachment [often of one organ or tissue to another]
|
|
|
-pexis
|
surgical attachment [often of one organ or tissue to another]
|
|
|
-strophe
|
turning; twisting
|
|
|
-poiesis
|
production; formation; development; act of shaping
|
|
|
-poietic
|
pertaining to formation or development
|
|
|
aneurysm-
|
aneurysm; dilation of the wall of the heart, artery, or vein
|
|
|
angi-
|
blood vessel; vessel; duct [often used for blood vessels even without a root for blood]
|
|
|
vas-
|
blood vessel; vessel; duct [often used for blood vessels even without a root for blood]
|
|
|
vascul-
|
blood vessel; vessel; duct [often used for blood vessels even without a root for blood]
|
|
|
aort-
|
aorta; main vessel of arterial system
|
|
|
arteri-
|
artery [vessel that carries blood away from the heart]
|
|
|
arteriol-
|
arteriole; small artery [adjoining capillaries]
|
|
|
atri-
|
atrium [pl. atria]; chamber; cavity [in the body]
|
|
|
capillar-
|
capillary; smallest blood vessel
|
|
|
cardi-
|
heart
|
|
|
cyt-
|
cell
|
|
|
hemat-
|
blood
|
|
|
haemat-
|
blood
|
|
|
hem-
|
blood
|
|
|
haem-
|
blood
|
|
|
sanguin-
|
blood
|
|
|
phleb-
|
vein [vessel that carries blood to the heart]
|
|
|
ven-
|
vein [vessel that carries blood to the heart]
|
|
|
plasm-
|
plasma
|
|
|
plasmat-
|
plasma
|
|
|
plasmat-
|
plasma
|
|
|
rhythm-
|
rhythm; heart beat
|
|
|
ser-
|
serum
|
|
|
sphygm-
|
pulse
|
|
|
thromb-
|
clot
|
|
|
thrombocyt-
|
thrombocyte; platelet
|
|
|
valv-
|
valve
|
|
|
valvul-
|
valve
|
|
|
varic-
|
varix; a tortuous dilation of a vein
|
|
|
venul-
|
venule; small vein
|
|
|
null-
|
none; no [connecting vowel is 'i']
|
|
|
mon-
|
one
|
|
|
un-
|
one
[with '-gravida' or '-para' means "once"] [connecting vowel is 'i'] |
|
|
prim-
|
first
[with '-gravida' or '-para' means "first time"] [connecting vowel is 'i'] |
|
|
di-
|
two; double
[no connecting vowel follows] |
|
|
dipl-
|
two; double
|
|
|
bi-
|
two; double
[no connecting vowel follows] [use if consonant follows] |
|
|
bin-
|
two; double
[no connecting vowel follows] [use if vowel follows] |
|
|
secund-
|
second
[with '-gravida' or '-para' means "twice"] [connecting vowel is 'i'] |
|
|
tert-
|
three; third
[connecting vowel is 'i'] |
|
|
tri-
|
three [no connecing vowel follows]
|
|
|
tripl-
|
three; triple
|
|
|
quadr-
|
four [connecting vowel is 'i']
|
|
|
quart-
|
four; fourth [connecting vowel is 'i']
|
|
|
quint-
|
five; fifth [connecting vowel is 'i']
|
|
|
pent-
|
five
|
|
|
penta-
|
five
|
|
|
sext-
|
six; sixth
[connecting vowel is 'i'] |
|
|
hex-
|
six
|
|
|
hexa-
|
six
|
|
|
sex-
|
six
|
|
|
hept-
|
seven; seventh
[connecting vowel is 'i'] |
|
|
hepta-
|
seven; seventh
|
|
|
sept-
|
seven; seventh
[connecting vowel is 'i'] |
|
|
oct-
|
eight; eighth
[connecting vowel is 'i'] |
|
|
octa-
|
eight; eighth
|
|
|
non-
|
nine; ninth
[connecting vowel is 'i'] |
|
|
nona-
|
nine; ninth
|
|
|
dec-
|
ten; tenth; one-tenth
[connecting vowel is 'i'] |
|
|
mer-
|
part; partial
|
|
|
poly-
|
many; multiple
[no connecting vowel follows] |
|
|
mult-
|
many; multiple
[connecting vowel is 'i'] |
|
|
plur-
|
many; multiple
[connecting vowel is 'i'] |
|
|
anthrac-
|
black
|
|
|
melan-
|
black
|
|
|
nigr-
|
black
|
|
|
argent-
|
silver
|
|
|
argyr-
|
silver
|
|
|
aur-
|
golden
|
|
|
chrys-
|
golden
|
|
|
chlor-
|
green
|
|
|
virid-
|
green
|
|
|
chrom-
|
colourful; tinted [adjectives]; colour; pigment [nouns]
|
|
|
chromat-
|
colourful; tinted [adjectives]; colour; pigment [nouns]
|
|
|
cirrh-
|
yellow
|
|
|
croc-
|
yellow
|
|
|
flav-
|
yellow
|
|
|
lute-
|
yellow
|
|
|
xanth-
|
yellow
|
|
|
coccin-
|
scarlet
|
|
|
cyan-
|
blue
|
|
|
erythr-
|
red
|
|
|
rhod-
|
red
|
|
|
rub-
|
red
|
|
|
rubr-
|
red
|
|
|
rube-
|
red
|
|
|
candid-
|
white
|
|
|
leuc-
|
white
|
|
|
leuk-
|
white
|
|
|
alb-
|
white
|
|
|
albid-
|
white
|
|
|
iod-
|
violet
|
|
|
viol-
|
violet
|
|
|
poli-
|
whitish grey; grey
|
|
|
purpur-
|
purple
|
|
|
-emia
|
condition of the blood; presence of (a substance) in the blood; presence of blood in (an organ)
|
|
|
-hemia
|
condition of the blood; presence of (a substance) in the blood; presence of blood in (an organ)
|
|
|
-aemia
|
condition of the blood; presence of (a substance) in the blood; presence of blood in (an organ)
|
|
|
-haemia
|
condition of the blood; presence of (a substance) in the blood; presence of blood in (an organ)
|
|
|
adamant-
|
enamel
|
|
|
adamantin-
|
enamel
|
|
|
amel-
|
enamel
|
|
|
alve-
|
tooth socket; socket; cavity
|
|
|
alveol-
|
tooth socket; socket; cavity
|
|
|
append-
|
appendix
|
|
|
appendic-
|
appendix
|
|
|
cholang-
|
bile duct
|
|
|
cholecyst-
|
bile bladder; gall bladder
|
|
|
choledoch-
|
common bile duct
|
|
|
col-
|
colon; large intestine
|
|
|
colon-
|
colon; large intestine
|
|
|
duoden-
|
duodenum; the first part of the small intestine
|
|
|
enter-
|
intestines
|
|
|
epipl-
|
omentum; fatty membrane lining the abdominal cavity
|
|
|
oment-
|
omentum; fatty membrane lining the abdominal cavity
|
|
|
esophag-
|
esophagus
|
|
|
oesophag-
|
esophagus
|
|
|
gastr-
|
stomach
|
|
|
stomach-
|
stomach
|
|
|
gingiv-
|
gums
|
|
|
gloss-
|
tongue; language
|
|
|
lingu-
|
tongue; language
|
|
|
hepat-
|
liver
|
|
|
hepatic-
|
hepatic duct
|
|
|
ile-
|
ileum
|
|
|
jejun-
|
jejunum
|
|
|
mandibul-
|
mandible; lower jaw
|
|
|
maxill-
|
maxilla; upper jaw
|
|
|
odont-
|
tooth; teeth
|
|
|
dent-
|
tooth; teeth
|
|
|
pancreat-
|
pancreas
|
|
|
pancreatic-
|
pancreatic duct
|
|
|
peritone-
|
peritoneum; serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity
|
|
|
proct-
|
rectum; anus; rectum and anus
|
|
|
rect-
|
rectum; anus; rectum and anus
|
|
|
ptyal-
|
saliva
|
|
|
sial-
|
saliva
|
|
|
pylor-
|
pylorus; lower portion of stomach
|
|
|
sphincter-
|
sphincter; circular muscle [which closes an orifice]
|
|
|
splanchn-
|
viscera; the internal organs [collectively]
|
|
|
viscer-
|
viscera; the internal organs [collectively]
|
|
|
staphyl-
|
uvula
|
|
|
uvul-
|
uvula
|
|
|
stom-
|
mouth
|
|
|
stomat-
|
mouth
|
|
|
or-
|
mouth
|
|
|
typhl-
|
cecum; first part of large intestine
|
|
|
caec-
|
cecum; first part of large intestine
|
|
|
cec-
|
cecum; first part of large intestine
|
|
|
ul-
|
gums; scar
|
|
|
uran-
|
palate
|
|
|
uranisc-
|
palate
|
|
|
palat-
|
palate
|
|
|
acr-
|
extremities [of the body]; height; tip(s)
|
|
|
anomal-
|
irregular
|
|
|
ather-
|
yellowish plaque
|
|
|
bromat-
|
food
|
|
|
sit-
|
food
|
|
|
febr-
|
fever
[followed by the connecting vowel 'i'] |
|
|
heter-
|
different; other
|
|
|
hom-
|
same; unchanging
|
|
|
home-
|
same; unchanging
|
|
|
homoi-
|
same; unchanging
|
|
|
phag-
|
the act of eating; (or, of chewing; biting; swallowing; devouring)
|
|
|
troph-
|
nutrition [may also mean growth in certain contexts]
|
|
|
nutri-
|
nutrition
|
|
|
nutrit-
|
nutrition
|
|
|
anter-
|
before; front; in front
|
|
|
dextr-
|
right [as opposed to left]
|
|
|
dist-
|
distal; farthest [from the centre or point of reference]
|
|
|
dors-
|
back [as opposed to front]
|
|
|
extern-
|
outside
|
|
|
infer-
|
below
|
|
|
intern-
|
inside
|
|
|
lev-
|
left; counter-clockwise
|
|
|
poster-
|
behind
|
|
|
proxim-
|
proximal; nearest [from the centre or point of reference]
|
|
|
retr-
|
behind; backward
|
|
|
sinistr-
|
left
|
|
|
super-
|
above [note: this term can be followed by a connecting vowel and is thus not a prefix in this case]
|
|
|
tel-
|
end [noun]; distant; at a distance
|
|
|
tele-
|
end [noun]; distant; at a distance
|
|
|
ventr-
|
front
|
|
|
-pepsia
|
digestion
|
|
|
-clasis
|
act of breaking (something) up
|
|
|
-clasia
|
act of breaking (something) up
|
|
|
-clysis
|
irrigation
|
|
|
-plasia
|
proliferation; growth; development [in reference to tissue or cells]
|
|
|
-phage
|
one that eats [one=any life form]
|
|
|
-phagia
|
the act of eating (or, of chewing; biting; swallowing; devouring)
|
|
|
-phagy
|
the act of eating (or, of chewing; biting; swallowing; devouring)
|
|
|
-schisis
|
the act of splitting
|
|
|
-tripsy
|
the act of crushing (or, of rubbing); friction
|
|
|
-tripsis
|
the act of crushing (or, of rubbing); friction
|
|
|
-trophy
|
nutrition; growth
|
|
|
foramin-
|
foramen [pl. foramina]; hole (or, opening)
[natural, not made] |
|
|
lamin-
|
lamina [pl. laminae]; thin, flat layer (or, membrane)
|
|
|
oste-
|
bone
|
|
|
oss-
|
bone
|
|
|
osse-
|
bone
|
|
|
crani-
|
cranium; skull
|
|
|
ethmoid-
|
ethmoid bone
|
|
|
front-
|
frontal bone; forehead bone
|
|
|
mast-
|
mastoid process [a 'process' is a projection or outgrowth of bone]
|
|
|
mastoid-
|
mastoid process [a 'process' is a projection or outgrowth of bone]
|
|
|
occipit-
|
occiput; occipital bone
|
|
|
pariet-
|
parietal bone; any "wall" (in a cavity or organ)
|
|
|
sphen-
|
sphenoid bone; a wedge-shaped bone
|
|
|
tempor-
|
temporal bone; temple bone
|
|
|
mal-
|
cheek; cheek bone; malar bone; zygomatic bone
|
|
|
zygomat-
|
cheek; cheek bone; malar bone; zygomatic bone
|
|
|
zygomatic-
|
cheek; cheek bone; malar bone; zygomatic bone
|
|
|
coccyg-
|
coccyx; tail bone
|
|
|
rachi-
|
spinal column
[following a vowel, 'rachi' frequently becomes 'rrhachi-'] |
|
|
spin-
|
spinal column
|
|
|
sacr-
|
sacrum; triangular pelvic bone
|
|
|
spondyl-
|
vertebra [pl. vertebrae]
|
|
|
vertebr-
|
vertebra [pl. vertebrae]
|
|
|
acromi-
|
acromion; the lateral projection of the shoulder blade
|
|
|
cleid-
|
clavicle; collar bone
|
|
|
clavic-
|
clavicle; collar bone
|
|
|
clavicul-
|
clavicle; collar bone
|
|
|
cost-
|
rib
|
|
|
cox-
|
hip; hip joint
|
|
|
ili-
|
ilium; upper pelvic bone
|
|
|
ischi-
|
ischium; lower pelvic bone
|
|
|
scapul-
|
scapula; shoulder blade
|
|
|
stern-
|
sternum; breast bone
|
|
|
carp-
|
carpus; carpal bone; wrist; wrist bone [i.e., either the wrist joint or one or more of the bones which make up the wrist joint]
|
|
|
humer-
|
humerus; upper arm bone
|
|
|
metacarp-
|
metacarpal; bone radiating from wrist to fingers
|
|
|
olecran-
|
olecranon; elbow
|
|
|
phalang-
|
phalanx [pl. phalanges]; finger bone; toe bone
|
|
|
radi-
|
radius; the shorter of the lower arm bones
|
|
|
uln-
|
ulna; the longer of the lower arm bones
|
|
|
acetabul-
|
acetabulum; hip bone socket [into which femur fits]
|
|
|
calcane-
|
calcaneus; heel bone
|
|
|
condyl-
|
condyle; knuckle [of the fingers or toes]; rounded bone protuberance [which articulates with another bone]
|
|
|
femor-
|
femur; thigh bone
|
|
|
fibul-
|
fibula; smaller bone of lower leg
|
|
|
malleol-
|
malleolus; ankle protuberance
|
|
|
patell-
|
patella; knee cap
|
|
|
tal-
|
talus; ankle bone
|
|
|
tars-
|
tarsus; tarsal bone; ankle; ankle bone
[analogous to carpus] |
|
|
metatars-
|
metatarsus; metatarsal bone; bone radiating from the ankle to the toes
|
|
|
tibi-
|
tibia; shin bone; larger bone of lower leg
|
|
|
fasci-
|
fascia; connective tissue enclosing a muscle
|
|
|
my-
|
muscle
|
|
|
myos-
|
muscle
|
|
|
muscul-
|
muscle
|
|
|
arthr-
|
joint
|
|
|
articul-
|
joint
|
|
|
burs-
|
bursa; sac of synovial fluid
|
|
|
chondr-
|
cartilage
|
|
|
cartilag-
|
cartilage
|
|
|
cartilagin-
|
cartiliage
|
|
|
desm-
|
ligament
|
|
|
syndesm-
|
ligament
|
|
|
ligament-
|
ligament
|
|
|
disk-
|
disk
|
|
|
fibr-
|
fibrous tissue
|
|
|
fibros-
|
fibrous tissue
|
|
|
synovi-
|
synovial fluid; fluid that lubricates the joint; synovial membrane
|
|
|
ten-
|
tendon
|
|
|
tend-
|
tendon
|
|
|
ankyl-
|
crooked; bent; stiff; fixed; fused; imperforated
|
|
|
lei-
|
smooth
|
|
|
phylact-
|
protective (of something) [with suffix '-ic']; protective against (something) [with suffix'-ic']; protective by means of (a substance or process)
|
|
|
rhabd-
|
rod; rod-shaped; skeletal; striated [when 'rhabd-' precedes the root 'my-', it denotes skeletal or striated muscle; when it is used with other roots, it denotes a rod or rod-shaped structure]
|
|
|
skelet-
|
skeletal
|
|
|
-agra
|
sudden and severe pain
|
|
|
-asthenia
|
absence of strength; weakness
|
|
|
-clast
|
instrument used to break
|
|
|
-desis
|
surgical immobilization; surgical fusion
[if this termination is used with the prefix 'syn-', you must avoid redundancy by ignoring the prefix] |
|
|
-ferous
|
bearing; containing
[preceded by the connective vowel 'i'] |
|
|
-paresis
|
slight paralysis
|
|
|
-phylaxis
|
protection (of something); protection against (something); protection by means of (a substance or process)
|
|
|
-sthenia
|
strength
|
|
|
cyst-
|
sac; cyst; bladder
|
|
|
vesic-
|
sac; cyst; bladder
|
|
|
nephr-
|
kidney
|
|
|
ren-
|
kidney
|
|
|
pyel-
|
renal pelvis; urine reservoir in kidney [which passes urine to ureter]
|
|
|
ur-
|
urine; urinary tract; urination
|
|
|
urin-
|
urine; urinary tract; urination
|
|
|
ureter-
|
ureter; tube carrying urine from kidney to bladder
|
|
|
urethr-
|
urethra; tube carrying urine from bladder to outside the body
|
|
|
uric-
|
uric acid
|
|
|
aden-
|
gland
|
|
|
adren-
|
adrenal gland
|
|
|
hormon-
|
hormone
|
|
|
amygdal-
|
tonsil
|
|
|
tonsill-
|
tonsil
|
|
|
lymph-
|
lymph
|
|
|
lymphatic-
|
lymphatic system; lymphatic duct
|
|
|
por-
|
pore; passage
|
|
|
splen-
|
spleen
|
|
|
lien-
|
spleen
|
|
|
adip-
|
fat
|
|
|
lip-
|
fat
|
|
|
steat-
|
fat
|
|
|
seb-
|
sebum; fatty secretion [of the sebaceous gland]
|
|
|
crin-
|
secretion
|
|
|
hidr-
|
sweat
|
|
|
hist-
|
tissue [of an animal or plant]
|
|
|
hygr-
|
moisture
|
|
|
onc-
|
tumour; swelling; abnormal mass
|
|
|
py-
|
pus
|
|
|
tox-
|
poison
|
|
|
toxic-
|
poison
|
|
|
toxon-
|
poison
|
|
|
ven-
|
poison
|
|
|
venen-
|
poison
|
|
|
venom-
|
poison
|
|
|
zym-
|
enzyme; fermentation
|
|
|
aeti-
|
cause
|
|
|
eti-
|
cause
|
|
|
antr-
|
antrum; cavity
|
|
|
aux-
|
increase
|
|
|
bar-
|
weight; pressure
|
|
|
bary-
|
weight; pressure
|
|
|
carcin-
|
cancer; cancerous [adjective root]
|
|
|
chron-
|
time
|
|
|
drom-
|
a running; flow
|
|
|
dynam-
|
power
|
|
|
helc-
|
ulceration
|
|
|
hypn-
|
sleep
|
|
|
somn-
|
sleep
|
|
|
icter-
|
jaundice
|
|
|
kinemat-
|
movement
|
|
|
kinesi-
|
movement
|
|
|
kinema-
|
movement
|
|
|
later-
|
side
|
|
|
sept-
|
septum [a wall that divides two cavities]
|
|
|
saept-
|
septum [a wall that divides two cavities]
|
|
|
all-
|
other; another; divergent; alternating
|
|
|
anis-
|
unequal
|
|
|
atel-
|
incomplete
|
|
|
atret-
|
without an opening (to an organ/structure)
|
|
|
brachy-
|
short
[no connecting vowel follows] |
|
|
brady-
|
slow
[no connecting vowel follows] |
|
|
idi-
|
individual; distinct; distinctive; unknown
|
|
|
is-
|
equal
|
|
|
equ-
|
equal
[followed by connecting vowel 'i'] |
|
|
lept-
|
thin
|
|
|
macr-
|
large; long
|
|
|
megal-
|
large
|
|
|
mes-
|
middle
|
|
|
atret-
|
without an opening (to an organ/structure)
|
|
|
brachy-
|
short
[no connecting vowel follows] |
|
|
brady-
|
slow
[no connecting vowel follows] |
|
|
idi-
|
individual; distinct; distinctive; unknown
|
|
|
is-
|
equal
|
|
|
equ-
|
equal
[followed by connecting vowel 'i'] |
|
|
lept-
|
thin
|
|
|
macr-
|
large; long
|
|
|
megal-
|
large
|
|
|
mes-
|
middle
|
|
|
micr-
|
small
|
|
|
olig-
|
few; small; scanty
|
|
|
orth-
|
straight; normal; correct
|
|
|
oxy-
|
acute; swift; sharp; sour
[no connecting vowel follows] |
|
|
pachy-
|
thick
|
|
|
pale-
|
old; ancient
|
|
|
poikil-
|
mottled; varied; irregular
|
|
|
prosth-
|
artificial
|
|
|
prosthet-
|
artificial
|
|
|
prot-
|
earliest; first
|
|
|
pseud-
|
false; imaginary
|
|
|
schist-
|
split
|
|
|
schiz-
|
split
|
|
|
scirrh-
|
hard [adjective root]; hard, cancerous tumour [noun root]
|
|
|
scoli-
|
crooked; laterally curved
|
|
|
sten-
|
narrow; constricted
|
|
|
tach-
|
rapid
|
|
|
tachy-
|
rapid
[no connecting vowel follows] |
|
|
xen-
|
strange/foreign [adjective roots]; foreigner [noun root]
|
|
|
xer-
|
dry
|
|
|
sicc-
|
dry
|
|
|
-agogue
|
agent used to induce (an action); agent used to induce flow (of a substance, or from an organ or tissue); agent used to induce expulsion (of a foreign body)
|
|
|
anti-...-agogue
|
[prefix 'anti'] agent used to suppress (an action); agent used to suppress flow (of a substance, or from an organ or tissue); agent used to suppress expulsion (of a foreign body)
|
|
|
-auxe
|
enlargement
|
|
|
-auxis
|
enlargement
|
|
|
-auxesis
|
enlargement
|
|
|
-crine
|
secretion
|
|
|
-elcosis
|
ulceration (of an organ or structure)
|
|
|
-emesis
|
vomiting (of a substance)
|
|
|
-emetic
|
causing vomiting (of a substance)
|
|
|
-emphraxis
|
obstruction
|
|
|
-lepsy
|
seizure
|
|
|
-phyma
|
swelling
|
|
|
-phymata [pl.]
|
swelling
|
|
|
-pore
|
pore; passage
|
|
|
-toxin
|
substance poisonous to (an organ or tissue); poisonous substance present in (a plant or life form)
|
|
|
anti-...-toxin
|
[prefix 'anti-'] agent used to oppose the substance poisonous to (an organ or tissue); agent used to oppose poisonous substance present in (a plant or life form)
|
|
|
-uria
|
condition of the urine; urination; presence of (a substance) in the urine
|
|
|
a-...-uria
|
[prefix 'a-'] absence of (a substance) in the urine
|
|
|
acanth-
|
thorn; prickle
|
|
|
al-
|
wing
|
|
|
pter-
|
wing
|
|
|
pteryg-
|
wing
|
|
|
amygdal-
|
almond
|
|
|
anth-
|
flower; blossom
|
|
|
flor-
|
flower; blossom
|
|
|
api-
|
bee
[no connecting vowel follows] |
|
|
meliss-
|
bee
|
|
|
arachn-
|
spider; spider-like; spider web; web-like
|
|
|
arbor-
|
tree
|
|
|
av-
|
bird
[connecting vowel is "i"] |
|
|
ornith-
|
bird
|
|
|
bacc-
|
berry
|
|
|
cocc-
|
berry
|
|
|
blast-
|
bud; germ; embryonic cell
|
|
|
carp-
|
fruit; seed
|
|
|
clad-
|
branch
|
|
|
ram-
|
branch
|
|
|
cortic-
|
bark; outer layer
|
|
|
cyn-
|
dog
|
|
|
can-
|
dog
|
|
|
flagell-
|
whip; whip-like appendage
|
|
|
flocc-
|
tuft of hair
|
|
|
floccul-
|
tuft of hair
|
|
|
foli-
|
leaf
|
|
|
phyll-
|
leaf
|
|
|
formic-
|
ant
[this root will use suffix '-iasis', not '-osis'] |
|
|
frond-
|
leaf; leafy branch; frond
|
|
|
helminth-
|
worm
[will use suffix '-iasis', not '-osis'] |
|
|
verm-
|
worm
|
|
|
vermin-
|
worm
|
|
|
herp-
|
reptile; snake; spreading blister
|
|
|
herpet-
|
reptile; snake; spreading blister
|
|
|
ichthy-
|
fish
[can also mean "scaly," as an adjective root] |
|
|
pisc-
|
fish
|
|
|
lign-
|
wood
|
|
|
hyl-
|
wood
|
|
|
xyl-
|
wood
|
|
|
nid-
|
nest
|
|
|
nuc-
|
nut
|
|
|
onych-
|
nail; hoof; claw
|
|
|
onyx-
|
nail; hoof; claw
|
|
|
ungu-
|
nail; hoof; claw
|
|
|
ungul-
|
nail; hoof; claw
|
|
|
phyt-
|
plant; growth
|
|
|
saur-
|
lizard
|
|
|
set-
|
bristle; seta [pl. setae]
|
|
|
spin-
|
thorn; spine
|
|
|
spor-
|
spore
|
|
|
trich-
|
hair
|
|
|
zo-
|
animal; living organism
|
|
|
anthrac-
|
coal
|
|
|
argent-
|
silver
|
|
|
carbon-
|
carbon
|
|
|
chrys-
|
gold
|
|
|
aur-
|
gold
|
|
|
cupr-
|
copper
|
|
|
lith-
|
rock; stone
|
|
|
petr-
|
rock; stone
|
|
|
plumb-
|
lead
|
|
|
sider-
|
iron
|
|
|
ferr-
|
iron
|
|
|
thi-
|
sulphur
|
|
|
bacter-
|
bacteria
|
|
|
carn-
|
flesh
|
|
|
chem-
|
chemical
|
|
|
corpor-
|
body; corpus
|
|
|
cry-
|
extreme cold; extremely cold [adjective]
|
|
|
electr-
|
electricity; electrical [adjective]
|
|
|
erg-
|
work
|
|
|
ergasi-
|
work
|
|
|
hum-
|
soil; earth
|
|
|
loc-
|
place; location
|
|
|
top-
|
place; location
|
|
|
meteor-
|
weather; atmosphere
|
|
|
nos-
|
disease
|
|
|
morb-
|
disease
|
|
|
nyct-
|
night; during the night
|
|
|
nyctal-
|
night; during the night
|
|
|
noct-
|
night; during the night
|
|
|
phot-
|
light
|
|
|
luc-
|
light
|
|
|
lumen-
|
light
|
|
|
physi-
|
nature
|
|
|
psychr-
|
cold
[either a noun or an adjective; always followed by a connecting vowel, even if attached to termination which begins with vowel or h] |
|
|
pyr-
|
heat; fire
|
|
|
pyret-
|
fever
|
|
|
sol-
|
sun
|
|
|
heli-
|
sun
|
|
|
ge-
|
the earth; land
|
|
|
terr-
|
the earth; land
|
|
|
therm-
|
heat; temperature
|
|
|
trop-
|
a turning; change
|
|
|
-ergasia
|
work
|
|
|
-ergia
|
work
|
|
|
-urgy
|
work
|
