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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Claim |
A statement of opinion that can be supported with facts. Example 1: At least 25 percent of the federal budget should be spent on limiting pollution. Example 2: Illegal drug use is detrimental to children. |
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Evidence (facts) |
Statements of fact that support an opinion. May be quoted or paraphrased from a source, and should include correct in-text citation. Example 1: Over 61% of Americans are overweight. Example 2: Dr. Kenneth P. Moritsugu described the dangers of underage drinking: “Research shows that young people who start drinking by 15 are five times more likely to have alcohol-related problems later in life.” |
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Reason |
Explanation of why an opinion is correct. Example 1: Illegal drug use is detrimental to children because it encourages gang violence. Example 2: Since teens enjoy staying up late and ignore their parents when their parents tell them to turn off their phones at bedtime, it makes no sense for parents to try to ban cell phones after midnight. |
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Counterclaim |
An opinion that the author disagrees with. Example: Others say that we should not spend our federal budget on reducing pollution because we are busy fighting a war. |
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Strong Thesis Statement |
A short statement that includes the main claim and supporting reasons that will be discussed in an essay or research paper. Example: Twinkies taste better than other snack cakes because of their texture, their creamy filling, and their golden appearance. |
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Statistics |
Number-based facts used as evidence. Example 1: According to our recent poll, the President's approval ratings this week are 49%. Example 2: Harvard's research indicates that 15 out of every 100 people are left-handed. |
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Expert Opinion (ethos) |
A quotation (direct or indirect) from an expert on the topic. Often used as evidence in a persuasive text. Example 1: Four out of five dentists recommend using Crest whitening toothpaste. Example 2: Because I am an lawyer with 25 years of experience, I am the best person to represent you in this case. |
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Appeal to Emotions (pathos) |
An attempt to persuade a reader by making them feel a specific emotion. Often used as evidence in a persuasive text. Example 1: The unarmed man was shot twice from behind while he was pushing his grandson on a swingset in the park. That young boy will be scarred for life after such an experience! |
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Hyperbole |
Extreme exaggeration used for emphasis. Example 1: I waited for the bus for like 3 hours yesterday! (it wasn't really 3 hours) Example 2: This homework is killing me. (you aren't literally dead yet) |
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Repetition |
Using the same words or phrases a few times to make an idea clearer.
Example 1: "I want her to live. I want her to breathe. I want her to aerobicize." Example 2: "She's safe, just like I promised. She's all set to marry Norrington, just like she promised. And you get to die for her, just like you promised." |
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Rhetorical Question |
A question that requires no answer as it is obvious. Makes the reader think. Example 1: Who knows why? Example 2: Do we want our children growing up in a world with drug dealers on every corner? |
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Domain-Specific Vocabulary |
Words that are specific to a content area such as math, science, or history. Examples: isotope (in science); peninsula (in history); exponent (in math) |
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Compare/Contrast |
A literary device in which a writer highlights the relationship between two people, places, things, or ideas. Example 1: Life is like a race. The one who keeps running wins the race and the one who stops to catch a breath loses. Example 2: Just as a sword is the weapon of a warrior, a pen is the weapon of a writer. |
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In-Text Citation |
A reference to the writer of a fact or quote from another source. In MLA format, the citation includes the author’s last name and the page number (Usually found in informative and persuasive texts). Example: Romantic poetry is characterized by the "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (Wordsworth 263). |
