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143 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what does HIV gp120 bind to
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CD4
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what does EBV gp350 bind to
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CD21
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what does parvovirus B19 bind to
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erythrocyte P
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macula with zone of central clearing
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lyme disease
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which organism is associated with the cold agglutinin test and why
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M. pneumoniae
shares antigens with erythrocytes so the human antibodies against M. pneumoniae lyse RBCs also |
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most common cause of viral aseptic meningitis
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Enteroviruses (picornavirus family):
coxsackie, echo, polio |
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what suppresses bacterial overgrowth by C. difficile
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intestinal biomass
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associated with facial pain, headache, diabetic ketoacidosis, and necrotic mucosa
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mucormycosis
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gram (+) rod that clusters and has metachromatic granules that stine with aniline dyes like methylene blue
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C. diptheriae
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treatment of S. epidermidis in patient with heart murmur
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vancomycin with rifampin and/or genticin
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what is found in an individual vaccinated for Hep B
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positive for anti-HBsAg but negative for HBsAg
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gram (+) rod associated with cardiac and neural toxicity
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C. diptheriae
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what is does the toxoid immunization against C. diptheriae do
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induces production of circulating IgG antibodies against subunit of exotoxin B
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cough, coryza (head cold), conjunctivitis, and blue-gray spots on buccal mucosa
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Measles (Rubeola)
paramyxovirus |
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what is essential for elimination of L. monocytogenes
why are newborns at risk |
Cell-mediated immunity
newborns lack this |
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gram (+) rod that is motile and shows narrow zone of B-hemolytic activity
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L. monocytogenes
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oral thrush, interstitial pneumonia, severe lymphopenia during first year of life
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consistent with HIV
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associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome, hemorrhagic diarrhea, and kidney problems in children under 10
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E. coli O157:H7 (EHEC)
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first-line treatment of toxoplasmosis
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pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine
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two most common focal brain lesions in HIV patient
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toxoplasmosis
B-cell CNS lymphoma |
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associated with goat wool
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Bacillus anthracis
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patient serum contains high levels of anti-HBcAg and anti-HBsAg is suggestive of what
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resolved Hep B infection
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patient serum contains high levels of anti-HBcAg (IgM), HBsAg, and HBeAg
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onset of Hep B infection
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which antigens are suggestive of vertical transmission of Hep B to neonate
which one is most important |
HBsAg and HBeAg (most important)
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soluble protein that is a marker for viral replication and infectivity of Hep B
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HBeAg
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most common cause of osteomyelitis in patients with sickle cell anemia
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Salmonella
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associated with functional asplenism
what infections are they susceptible to |
sickle cell anemia
encapsulated organisms: Neisseria, Haemophilis,S. pneumo, Salmonella |
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most likely cause of viral hemorrhagic cystis in young male boys
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adenovirus serotypes 11 and 21
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acute bacterial arthritis in sexuall active young adults
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N. gonorrhoae
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strongly associated with anal and cervical squamous cell carcinoma
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HPV serotypes 16, 18, and 31
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glycosylated to gp 160 and cleaved within ER and golgi to gp120 and gp41
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evn gene polyprotein
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older patient (65) gets pneumonia in house with younger children, what most likely happened
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got a secondary bacterial infection and influenza infection from children
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what bacteria is an older person susceptible to after infection with influenza
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S. pneumo
S. aureus H. influenzae |
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sudden onset neuro symptoms including eye problems
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botulism - home-canned food consumption
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associated with large precursor protein
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Picornovirus (PERCH)
polio, echo, rhino, coxsackie, Hep A |
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how can non-pathogenic C. diptheriae cause pseuomembraneous pharyngitis
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acquires tox gene via viral phage
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high blood levels of what correlate with morbidity and mortality of meningococcal disease
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lipoligosaccharide (LOS)
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virus that gets capsule from nuclear membrane
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herpesvirus
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allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
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a condition characterised by an exaggerated response of the immune system leading to recurrent pulmonary infiltrates and eventually proximal bronchiectasis
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what is associated with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
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asthma
cystic fibrosis |
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noninfectious glycoprotein that forms spheres and tubules 22 mm in diameter
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HBsAg
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most common cause of tricuspid endocarditis in IV drug users
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S. aureus
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associated with endocarditis and colon cancer
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streptococcus bovis
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C. difficile toxins
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Toxin A (enterotoxin)- binds to brush border of the gut and attracts neutrophils
Toxin B (cytotoxin) - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes |
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erythema infectiosum
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fifth disease caused by parvovirus B19
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novobiocin resistant
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S. saprophyticus
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associatd with tellurite agar
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C. diptheriae
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motile gram (-) rod that grows well in MacConkey and EBM agar
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E. coli
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most important virulence factor for E. coli associated with:
meningitis cystitis |
meningitis - K-1 capsule
cysitis - Fimbrae |
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HBeAg seen in patient's serum with no anti-HBeAg present
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suspect chronic Hep B infection with high infectivity
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what would suggest a chronic Hep B infection with low infectivity
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HBsAg present in serum for extended period of time with no anti-HBsAg present
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unexplained oral thrush in an otherwise healthy person
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suggests HIV infection
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what are associated with the gag and env genes respectively
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gag - p24 and p7
env - gp120 and gp41 |
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what is used to prevent neonatal GBS infection in mother with colonized vagina
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intrapartum (during delivery) antibiotic - penicillin or ampicillin
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two organisms associated with PID
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N. gonorrhoae
C. trachomatis |
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3 species associated with mucormycosis
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rhizopus
mucor absidia |
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what causes bacteria to be lysed when placed in hypotonic solution
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treatment with beta-lactam antibiotic that destroys cell wall
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Hepatitis associated with high mortality in pregnant women
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Hep E
unenveloped ssRNA virus spread via fecal-oral route |
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associated with lymphogranuloma venereum
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C. trachomatis serotypes L1-L3
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positive monospot test
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patient's serum agglutinates with sheep erythrocytes
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organisms associated with mononucleosis-like infection with negative monospot test
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CMV (most likely)
HHV-6 toxoplasmosis |
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rash begins in the face and spreads to trunk and extremities with postauricular lymphadenopathy
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rubeola - togavirus
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selective media for Neisseria
components |
Thayer-Martin
Vancomycin, Nystatin, Polymyxin, and trimethoprim |
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causes resistance against HIV reverse transcriptase and protease
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pol gene mutation
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causes resistance via escape from host neutralizing antibodies in HIV patient
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env gene mutation
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how do env and pol gene mutation come about
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associated with use of HAART regimen - antiretroviral chemotherapy
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associated with gray vaginal discharge with fishy smell and clue cells
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Gardenella vaginalis
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squamous epithelial cells covered in bacterial organisms
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clue cells
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diarrhea associated with domestic animal transmission
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campylobacter
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associated with infection with reactivation of latent EBV infection
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HIV positive
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adheres to fibrin via dextrans
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S. viridans
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Mucicarme stain
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Cryptococcus
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patients with chronic granulomatous disease are susceptible to what infections and why
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catalase positive organisms:
S. aureus, Pseudomonas cepacia, Serratia, Nocardia, Aspergillus |
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two associations with C. perfringens
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gas gangrene
diarrhea |
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what does inferferon alpha and beta do in response to viral infection
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acts as cytokines to cause impairment of viral protein synthesis
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virus that is only capable of infectivity when encapsulated with HBsAg
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delta virus - HDV
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these two toxins only cause watery diarrhea and do not cause cell death, therefore no leukocytosis or erythryocytes are seen in the stool
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V. cholerae
ETEC |
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what type of infection does blastomyces dermatitides cause
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pulmonary disease in immunocompetent host
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bacterial infection associated with neutropenia
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P. aeruginosa
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Ecthyma gangrenosum
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cutaneous necrotic disease associated with P. aeruginosa bacteremia
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gram (+) rod with tumbling motility that can cause meningitis, get from contaminated food
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listeria monocytogenes
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positive germ tube test diagnostic for what
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Candida - see yeasts and pseudohyphae of light microscopy
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H. influenzae type b vaccine
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composed of polyribosyl-ribitol-phosphate (component of Hib capsule), conjugated with diphtheriae or tetnus toxoid
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causes pharyngoconjunctivitis in close living quarters
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adenovirus
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requires hematin and NAD for growth on blood agar
what provides both of these |
H. influenzae
can grow in presence of S. aureus |
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why is there no HCV vaccine
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because envelope proteins have high antigenic variability
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gain access to mucosal epithelium by entering the cell of Peyer's patches
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Shigella
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activates TNF-a and IL-1 causing septic shock
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Lipid A portion of LPS
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associated with silver stain, chorcoal media, and colonization of water systems
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Legionella pneumophila
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virus associated with transmission via food and water of shellfish
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HAV
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a-hemolytic and bile-soluble (sensitive)
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S. pneumo
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aggregation (flucculation) when mixed with cardiolipin, cholesterol, and lecithin due to anti-cardiolipin antibodies
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treponema pallidum
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two infections associated with bartonella henselae
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cat scratch fever
bacillary angiomatosis (proliferation of blood vessels) |
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treatment of diphtheriae
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1. antitoxin
2. antibiotics 3. DPT vaccine (passive immunization) |
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Waterhouse-Fridriechsen syndrome
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DIC and hemorrhagic destruction of both adrenal glands associated with N. meningitidis infection
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Does rheumatic fever correlate with streptococcal skin infection
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No, throat infection --> RF 4-6 weeks later
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what occurs before post streptococcus glomerulonephritis
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skin infection due to S. pyogenes
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intersitial pneumonia associated with post-transplant patient
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CMV - dsDNA virus
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congenital rubella
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sensineural deafness
cataracts PDA |
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most common presentation of Cryptococcus neoformans infection
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meningitis
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most common source of E. coli bacteremia
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urinary tract
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comprises majority of normal vaginal flora
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gram (+) lactobacillus
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what does the diphteriae toxoid conjugated with Hib vaccine do
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increases immunogenicity by increasing T-cell response
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associated with achalasia and megacolon
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Trypanosoma cruzi
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fever, blood diarrhea, hepatosplenomegaly, rose spots on abdomen
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typhoid fever
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associated with exposure to bats in caves
how is this disease prevented |
rhabdovirus
prevented with killed vaccine |
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common cause of UTI in patients with catheters
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P. aeruginosa (non-lactose fermenting gram (-) rod)
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two organisms that act by inactivation of EF-2
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diptherae
P. aeruginosa |
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associated with preformed toxin causing gastroenteritis in mayonnaise-containing items left out
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S. aureus
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act no nonspecifically activating T-lymphocytes
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superantigens
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associated with reducing amount of child meningitis
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Hib vaccine
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gram(+) cocci that is catalase negative and grown in 6.5% NaCl
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Enterococcus
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associated with causing tricuspid insufficiency after a cystoscopy
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enterococcus
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urease breath test
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noninvasive detection of H. pylori
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are (-) sense RNA infectious
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No
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what must naked RNA viruses do to induce infectivity
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induce viral protein synthesis via mRNA using (+) sense RNA
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hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications, chorioretinitis
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congenital toxoplasmosis
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inactivate 60S ribosomal unit
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shiga-toxin
shiga-like toxin |
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3 organisms that can take up chromosomal fragments of lysed bacteria to become infective if lack capsule
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S. pneumo
H. influenzae N. meningitidis |
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acid-labile picornavirus
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rhinovirus
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inactivates enveloped viruses
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ether
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occurs in old lung cavities (TB, emphysema, sarcoidosis)
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aspergillosis
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desseminated aspergillosis presents with what
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hemoptysis
pleuritic chest pain fever |
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who is recommended to receive pneumococcal polysaccharide capsular vaccine
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people over 65
COPD asplenic immunosuppressed |
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what is responsible for increased hospital acquired bacteremia and sepsis caused by: S. aureus, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Candida
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Intravascular devices
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why is HCV highly variable
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because it lacks 3'-5' exonuclease activity by it's RNA polymerase
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associated with CSF WBC count < 500, lymphocyte predominant, normal glucose, mildly elevated protein
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aseptic meningitis
coxsackievirus and echovirus |
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cause of hypo/hyperpigmented skin patches with spaghetti and meatball appearance on LM
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Malassezia furfur - Pityriasis versicolor
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where does parvovirus replicate
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bone marrow
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latex agglutination test
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detects polysaccharide capsule of cryptococcus
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binds Fc portion of IgG and prevents it from complement activation
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Protein A of S. aureus
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propensity to cause disease in smokers, associated with very high fever, diarrhea, headache, confusion, hyponatremia
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Legionnair's disease
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stimulates B cells to enter cell cycle and proliferate continuously producing heterophil antibodies
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EBV
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most common cause of bacterial meningitis in adults of all ages
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S. pneumo
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this toxin causes inhibition of GABA and glycine
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tetanospasm
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how to visualize spirochetes
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darkfield microscopy
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MMR vaccine
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live attenuated virus
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what is cord facter in mycobacteria associated with
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virulence
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ssDNA virus
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parvovirus
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lecithinase of C. perfringens degrades what
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phosphlipid membrane
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main virulence factor for S. pneumo
what would antibodies against this virulence factor cause |
capsule
anti-capsular antibodies would cause capsular swelling |
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what must you always add to the treatment of gonococcal infection for STD
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treatment for chlamydia - doxycycline
*or else can become infertile after development of PID |
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what is different about the strand of H. influenzae bacteria that cause sinusitis, otitis media, and bronchitis
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No capsule
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