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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Constructs
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internal attributes or characteristics that cannot be directly observed but are useful for describing and explaining behavior
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continuous variable
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a variable that has an infinite number of possible values that fall between any two observed variables
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control condition
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the condition in which individuals do not receive the experimental treatment. Instead they either receive no treatment or they receive a neutral placebo treatment.
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correlational method
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a research method in which two variables are observed to
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data
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measurements or observations
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data set
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a collection of measurements or observations
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datum
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a single measurement or observation commonly called a score or raw score
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dependent variable
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the variable that is observed in order to assess the
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descriptive statistics
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statistical procedures used to summarize
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discrete variable
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a variable that consists of separate
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experimental condition
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the condition in which individuals do receive the experimental treatment
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experimental method
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a research method in which one variable is manipulated while another variable is observed and measured
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independent variable
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the variable that is manipulated by the researcher
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inferential statistics
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techniques that allow us to study samples and then make
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interval scale
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a scale consisting of ordered categories that are all intervals of exactly the same size
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lower real limit
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a score's real limit that is at the bottom of the interval
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nominal scale
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a scale consisting of a set of categories that have different names
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operational definition
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a description that identifies a measurement procedure(a set of operations) for measuring an external behavior and uses the resulting measurements as a definition and a measurement of a hypothetical construct
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ordinal scale
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a scale consisting of a set of categories that are organized in an
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parameter
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a value
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quasi-independent variable
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in a nonexperimental study the "independent variable" that is used to create the different groups of scores
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ratio scale
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an interval scale with the additional feature of an absolute zero point
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raw score
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a single measurement or observation
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real limits
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the boundaries of intervals for scores that are represented on a continuous number line
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sample
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a set of individuals selected from a population usually intended to represent the population in a research study
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sampling error
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the discrepancy or amount of error that exists between a sample
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score
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a single measurement or observation
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statistic
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a value
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statistics
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a set of mathematical procedures for organizing summarizing and interpreting information
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upper real limit
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a score's real limit that is at the top of the interval
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variable
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a characteristic or condition that changes or has different values for different individuals
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