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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How much albumin is normally excreted post-abs?
Tamm-Horsfall protein makes up what % of this? |
<150mg/day
2/3rds |
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What is the most common way to measure proteinuria? What is normal?
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random spot urine collection --> protein-Creatinine ratio
<0.2 |
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Tea-colored urine is typical of...
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glomerular bleeding
...inflammation of the kidney --> nephrittic dz: alterations of mesangium or endothelium. |
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Causes of hematuria are overwhelmingly due to what?
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urological bleeding (dark color, red wine)
- most commonly UTI |
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Proteinuria > 3.5 g/day
Hypoproteinemia Edema Hyperlipidemia and lipiduria --> what is this? |
Nephrotic Syndrome.
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Which Glomerular dz typically presents, pathologically speaking, with no glomerular changes on LM and no glom staining on IF?
Where can you see changes in this dz? What are they? Are they specific? |
Minimal Change Dz.
EM - foot process effacement - no this isn't specific. Gotta combine this with the lack of findings in other types of imaging. |
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What does a 'focal' process mean re: glomerular dz?
global? segmental? |
that the dz pathology is affecting only some of the glomeruli, not all.
ALL of a glomerulus some but not all of a single glomerulus |
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What is the most common cause in caucasians and asians (i/ developed countries) of primary nephrotic syndrome?
AA? |
Membranous glomerulopathy
FSGS |
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- Thickened capillary wall on LM
- accumulation of immune complexes in subepithelial space + the antigen can either be something external or can be something the podocytes produce How does IgG stain for this dz? - podocyte effacement - |
Membranous glomerulopathy
IgG +, granular pattern. |
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- immune complex deposition in the subendothelial space and the mesangium
--> stim hypercellularity what dz? |
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
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What's the first thing you try to do clinically when assessing nephrotic syndrome?
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think if there is an underlying cause (which would make this secondary dz)
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What are the results of substantial proteinuria?
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Thrombosis (loss of anticoag factors)
Infections (loss of Ig) Accelerated Atherosclerosis due to severe hyperlipidemia |
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What are the three primary causes of nephrotic syndrome?
which additional one gets added if we're talking about secondary dz? |
min change dz
FSGS Membranous nephropathy all three + diabetic nephropathy |
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For the most part, in kids, minimal change dz has which etiology? adults?
Tx? |
idiopathic
NSAIDs & hodgkins Corticosteroids - responds excellently. |
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What have researchers at Boston University tentatively proven about Membranous nephropathy?
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That it's due to an antibody against phospholipase A2 in the podocytes.
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If you see an older individual with membranous nephropathy, you must ask yourself what question?
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Is a malignancy driving it
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What is pamidronate (pamidronic acid)?
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nitrogen containing bisphosphonate, used to prevent osteoporosis
- can cause nephropathy. |
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____ pts rarely have HTN, 50% of ___ pts do, and most of ____ pts do.
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minimal change dz, FSGS, membranous nephropathy.
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What are the four types of lesions seen in FSGS?
Which of the four typically shows up in caucasians and is amenable to tx w/ corticosteroids? Obesity? HIV? Most common version? |
Penhilar, Tip Lesion, Collapsing, Cellular
Tip lesion., Penhilar (don't tx w/ steroids) collapsing sclerotic lesion (it's not one of the four, bwha ha tricky). |
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Age groups for:
minimal change focal sclerosis membranous nephropathy diabetic nephropathy |
minimal change more in kids
focal sclerosis in both kids and adults membrananous in adults Diabetic nephropathy in all ages |
