Types Of Literature

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Realistic Fiction

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Characters involved in events that could happen.

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Historical Fiction

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Made up stories that take place in a certain time period of the past.

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Nonfiction

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Books that give factual information.

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Science Fiction

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Often includes futuristic technology and blends science facts with fiction.

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Fantasy

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Story is set in an imaginary world, and characters usually have supernatural powers or abilities.

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Folklore

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Myths, fables, parables, tall tales, and legends that people have told over the years and later they were written down. They may include a moral or a lesson.

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Myth

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Intended to explain some mystery of nature, religion, or cultural belief (like gods & goddesses).

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Fable

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Short story that often uses talking animals as main characters and taches a moral or lesson.

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Tall Tale

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Humorous, exaggerated story often based on the life of a real person (like Pecos Bill or John Henry).

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Legend

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A story coming down from the past, usually regarded as historical, but not verified as such.

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Poetry

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Uses rhythm and rhyme to convey a message. Often evokes feelings and emotions.

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Tragedy

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Hero is destroyed because of some tragic flaw in his/her character.

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Essay

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A short piece of nonfiction that tells the writer's opinion or gives information.

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Novel

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A book length, fictional story. Characters and plot are more developed than in a short story.

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Short Story

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Can usually be read in one sitting. Usually forcuses on one problem or conflict.

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Allegory

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A story in which the characters and action represent an idea or truth about life.

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Simile

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A figure of speech that makes a comparison using like or as. ("He was as hungry as a bear.")

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Metaphor

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A figure of speech to suggest a likeness without using like or as. ("The ship plows the sea" or "You're a peach.")

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Hyperbole

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An exaggerated figure of speech ("I walked a million miles!" or "We died laughing!")

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Onomatopeia

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Words that imitate sounds (buzz, meow, POW, tic-toc)

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Alliteration

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The repetition of a beggining sound in two or more words ("Two terribly tired toads told tales." or silly Sally).

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Palindrome

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A word, phrase, or sentence that reads the same forward and backward. (Mom, saw, or "Madam, I'm Adam.")

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Idiom

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An expression that often gives visual imagery ("You're pulling my leg." or "I laughed my head off.")

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Spoonerism

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A transposition of initial sounds (hot dogs/dot hog or Bill Jones/Jill Bones).

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Personification

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When animals or inanimate objects take on human characteristics. (When an animal or tree talks, for example).

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Portmanteau

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A word formed by combining two words. (breakfast +lunch= brunch)

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Sarcasm

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Praise that actually means the opposite (That was just great! after breaking a dish, for example).

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Irony

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Using a word of phrase to mean the opposite of its normal meaning. (Having the flue is so much fun!)

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Fact

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A statment that can be proven to be true. (If paper is recycled, fewer trees will be cut down.)

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Opinion

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What someone believes to be true. (Recycling should be required by law.)

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Plot

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Action of the story.

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Setting

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The time and place.

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Climax

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Turning point of the story.

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Resolution

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The end of the story when problems are solved.

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Theme

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The subject or message being written about.

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Antagonist

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Negative person or thing in the story that fights against the hero.

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Protagonist

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The hero of the story.

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Narrator

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Person telling the story.

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Mood

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The feeling we get from readding the story (happy, sad, etc.)

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Tone

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Author's feelings about a piece of writing (serious, funny, etc.)

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Conflict

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A problem or struggle between two opposing forces.

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Dialogue

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The conversations that characters have with each other.

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Nonfiction

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Books that give factual information.

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Science Fiction

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Often includes futuristic technology and blends science facts with fiction.

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Parable

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A short story that explains a belief or principle.