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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the alpha-2 agonists used to treat HTN?
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Clonidine
Methyldopa |
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What is the MoA of Clonidine and Methyldopa?
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in the brainstem decreases sympathetic (NE release) --> decreases BP and HR
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When is methyldopa used?
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DoC in pregnancy
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What is the DoC for HTN patients with BPH?
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Prazosin (alpha blocker)
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Which Beta blockers are used to treat HTN?
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ABEAM = Beta 1 selective blockers
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What are the effects of Beta-1 selective blockers?
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Acute: decreased contractility, CO, and HR
Chronic: increased LV function greater than baseline |
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When are beta blockers used to treat HTN?
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1st line for mild-moderate HTN
Works best with a diuretic NOT used in elderly or AfroAmericans |
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What are the ACEIs and how do they work?
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1. Captopril
2. Lisinopril Block ACE and block inactivation of bradykinin --> VasoD --> Decrease afterload *PREVENT vent. remodeling* |
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What are the SE of Captopril and Lisinopril?
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1. decrease ATN II: HypoT, hyperK
2. decrease kidney function 3. Cough 4. Angioedema (rare) 5. Fetotoxic |
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Name a ARB and describe its MoA:
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Valsartan
Block ATN II receptor (AT1>AT2) --> peripheral vasoD = decreased afterload |
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What are the unique SE of ARBs?
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same as ACEIs but NO cough or angioedema
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When are ACEIs and ARBs used in treatment of HTN?
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1st line for mild-moderate HTN
DoC: LVH or post-MI DoC: Diabetics (increase insulin sensitivity) *DONT use in elderly or AfroAmericans |
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Which drugs are useful in treatment of HTN in elderly and African Americans?
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Calcium Channel Blockers
Verapamil, Diltiazem Nifedipine, Amlodpine |
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Which CCBs are OK vasodilators but STRONGLY decrease myocardial contractility and AV node conduction?
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Verapamil and Diltiazem
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Which CCBs are GOOD vasodilators but have little effect on the heart?
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Nifedipine and Amlodipine
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What is the MoA of CCBs?
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bind to ALPHA-1 subunit of L-type VG Ca++ channel --> Decrease Ca++ flux --> decrease contractility
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Hydralazine and Nitroprusside are types of what kind of drugs useful in the treatment of HTN?
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Vasodilators
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What is the MoA of Hydralazine and nitroprusside?
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1. NO release --> increased cGMP --> dephosphorylation of MLC --> relaxation
dilates arteries >veins |
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What drug used to treat HTN can cause drug-induced Lupus with arthritis and high ANA?
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Hydralazine
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What are unique SE of Nitroprusside?
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Cyanide toxicity and lactic acidosis
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Nitroprusside is the DoC for what kind of HTN?
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Hypertensive emergency
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What is the 1st line drug for stage 1 HTN?
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Thiazide diuretics
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What is the 1st line drug for stage 2 HTN?
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Thiazides + ACEIs/ARBs/BBs/CCBs
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What is the 1st line drug in elderly and African Americans?
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Thiazides > CCBs
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