Tuspm Gross Anatomy Back

Front 1

How many vertebrae are in the spine?

Back 1

33 vertebrae

Front 2

types of vertebra, and how many are in each

Back 2

Cervical-7
thoracic-12
lumbar-5
Sacral-5

Front 3

what is the composition of the vertebra

Back 3

body,
2 pedicles,
2 laminae,
vertebral foramen,
vertebral canal,
2 transverse processes,
spinous process

Front 4

what are the articular proceses of the vertebra

Back 4

The superior articular facet
inferior articular facet

Front 5

where are spinal taps performed and why is that spot preferable?

Back 5

in the Lumbar laminae, there is more space.

Front 6

what are the ligaments that run along the length of the spine?

Back 6

anterior longitudinal ligament, posterior longitudinal ligament,

Front 7

These ligaments prevent excessive flexion and act as buffers in the extremes of extension.

Back 7

ligamenta flava

Front 8

what other ligaments resist flexion in the spine

Back 8

supraspinous and interspinous ligaments

Front 9

which ligaments are alx and permit gliding motions?

Back 9

capsular ligaments

Front 10

what are the two parts of the body of the vertebra

Back 10

annulus fibrosus, and nucleus pulposus

Front 11

Erector Spinae: what does it comprise of?

Back 11

iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis.

Front 12

Erector Spinae: origins

Back 12

posterior aspects of iliac crest and sacrum, sacral and inferior lumbar spinous process, supraspinous ligament

Front 13

Erector Spinae: insertion

Back 13

iliocostais: angles of lower ribs and cervical transverse process

longissimus: ribs between the tubercles and angles, transverse processes in thoracic and cervical regions, and to mastoid process of temporal bone

spinalis: spinous process in upper thoracic region, midcervical region, and to the skull

Front 14

Erector Spinae: action

Back 14

extend vertebral column and head. bend vertebral column laterally

Front 15

Erector Spinae: innervation

Back 15

dorsal rami of respective spinal nerve in each region

Front 16

Surface anatomy: most prominent spine at base of neck

Back 16

C7

Front 17

Surface anatomy: The medial end of the spine of the scapula corresponds to

Back 17

T3

Front 18

Surface anatomy: the inferior angle of the scapula is lateral to the spinous process of

Back 18

T7

Front 19

Surface anatomy:A line connecting the highest levels of the iliac crests crosses the spinous process and body of

Back 19

L4

Front 20

Surface anatomy:The dimples about five centimeters lateral to the midline in the sacral region denote the posterior superior iliac spines and are at the level of the spinous process of

Back 20

S2

Front 21

The inferior opening of the vertebral canal used for administering anesthesia duing childbirth

Back 21

the sacral hiatus

Front 22

what are the 3 membranes surrounding the spinal cord in order?

Back 22

from superficial to
deep they are the dura mater, arachnoid and pia mater

Front 23

Where is the cerebrospinal fluid located?

Back 23

subarachnoid space

Front 24

Where does the Spinal Cord extend to, and what is the end called?

Back 24

L1-L2, Conus Medullaris

Front 25

what are the nerve roots collectiveliy called below L1?

Back 25

Cauda Equina

Front 26

How many spinal nerves are there in each region

Back 26

Cervical-8
Thoracic-12
lumbar-5
sacral-5
coccygeal-1

Front 27

where can a spinal tap (lumbar puncture) be taken?

Back 27

must be accomplished at vertebral levels where there is a subarachnoid space (above S1-2 vertebral level) and is most safely performed below the conus medullaris (L1-2 vertebral level).

Front 28

what happens when a disc is slipped?

Back 28

A "slipped" or "ruptured" disc occurs either when the nucleus pulposus has partially escaped (herniated) through a break (rupture) in the annulus or when the annulus itself bulges (protrudes) at a weakened area

Front 29

why do disk ruptures happen in one region more than the other?

Back 29

the annulus pulposus is generally thinner in its radial dimension posteriorly than anteriorly

Front 30

What forms the Superior Trunk of the Brachial Plexus

Back 30

The ventral rami of C5 and 6 fuse to form the superior trunk

Front 31

What forms the middle trunk?

Back 31

the ventral ramus of C7 continues on as the middle trunk

Front 32

what forms the inferior trunk?

Back 32

the ventral rami of C8 and T1 fuse to form the inferior trunk

Front 33

How does each trunk divide?

Back 33

Each trunk divides into an anterior and posterior division

Front 34

What do the anterior divisions innervate?

Back 34

The anterior divisions will innervate the anterior or flexor muscles

Front 35

What do the posterior divisions innervate

Back 35

the posterior divisions will innervate the posterior or extensor muscles of the upper limb

Front 36

what comes together to form the lateral cord?

Back 36

The anterior divisions of the superior and middle trunks join to become the lateral cord

Front 37

what comes together to form the medial cord?

Back 37

the anterior division of the inferior trunk becomes the medial cord

Front 38

what will the lateral and medial cords inervate?

Back 38

Since the lateral and medial cords are the anterior division cords, their branches will innervate anterior limb or flexor muscles

Front 39

what comes together to form the posterior cord?

Back 39

The posterior divisions of all three trunks unite to form the posterior cord

Front 40

How do the cords end?

Back 40

by dividing into five terminal nerves branches

Front 41

what does the lateral cord terminate with?

Back 41

The lateral cord gives off the lateral root of the median nerve and then continues as the musculocutaneous nerve

Front 42

what does the medial cord terminate with?

Back 42

The medial cord gives off the medial root of the median nerve and then continues as the ulnar nerve.

Front 43

What does the posterior cord terminate with?

Back 43

The posterior cord terminates by dividing into the axillary and radial nerves.

Front 44

How are nerves named?

Back 44

IN GENERAL, NERVES ARE NOT NAMED FOR THEIR ORIGIN BUT RATHER FOR THEIR PERIPHERAL DISTRIBUTION. THAT IS, NERVES ARE NAMED ACCORDING TO WHERE THEY GO ---

Front 45

What does the C4 Dermatone innervate?

Back 45

Shoulder pad area

Front 46

What does the C5 Dermatone innervate?

Back 46

Lateral aspect of arm and elbow

Front 47

What does the C6 Dermatone innervate?

Back 47

Lateral aspect of forearm and hand, and the radial two digits

Front 48

What does the C6 Dermatone innervate?

Back 48

Middle finger and middle of hand

Front 49

What does the C8 Dermatone innervate?

Back 49

Ulnar two digits and medial aspect of hand and wrist

Front 50

What does the T1 Dermatone innervate?

Back 50

Medial aspect of forearm, elbow and lower arm

Front 51

What does the T2 Dermatone innervate?

Back 51

Medial aspect of upper arm

Front 52

how is scalene interval syndrome tested?

Back 52

Adson test

Front 53

how is costoclavicular syndrome tested?

Back 53

by loading the extremity

Front 54

how is coracopectoral syndrome tested?

Back 54

raising the arm overhead

Front 55

what is included in the Pectoral Girdle?

Back 55

Scapula and Clavicle

Front 56

What does the Clavicle artivulate with?

Back 56

It articulates medially with the manubrium of the sternum and laterally with the acromion process of the scapula

Front 57

what muscels are in the rotator cuff, and what is their location in the joint?

Back 57

subscapularis anteriorly,
supraspinatus superiorly
infraspinatus and teres minor posteriorly.

Front 58

Trapezius: Origin

Back 58

upper: occipital region of the skull and posterior cervical spine ligaments.

Middle:lower cervical and upper thoracic spinous processes

Lower: lower thoracic spinous processes

Front 59

Trapezius: Insertion

Back 59

upper: lateral clavicle and acromion

middle: length of the scapular spine.

lower: medial end of the scapular spine

Front 60

Trapezius: action

Back 60

Upper: supports the weight of the arm

middle: retracts the scapulae;

lower: medially rotates and depresses the scapulae.

Front 61

Trapezius: Innervation

Back 61

Spinal accessory Nerve (CN XI)

Front 62

Levator Scapulae: Origin

Back 62

descends from cervical transverse processes

Front 63

Levator Scapulae: insertion

Back 63

superior angle of the scapula

Front 64

Levator Scapulae: action

Back 64

functions mostly as an accessory scapular elevator.

Front 65

Levator Scapulae: Innervation

Back 65

dorsal scapular nerve and a branch from C4.

Front 66

rhomboid muscles: origin

Back 66

posterior cervical spine ligaments and lower cervical and upper thoracic spinous processes

Front 67

rhomboid muscles: Insertion

Back 67

medial (dorsal) border of the scapula

Front 68

Rhomboid Muscles: action

Back 68

scapular adductors

Front 69

Rhomboid Muscles: innervation

Back 69

Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C4-5)

Front 70

latissimus dorsi: Origin

Back 70

below from the lower ribs, iliac crest and lower vertebral spinous processes through a fusion of its aponeurosis with the thoracolumbar fascia

Front 71

latissimus dorsi: insertion

Back 71

intertubercular sulcus on the anterior aspect of the upper humerus

Front 72

latissimus dorsi: action

Back 72

extension, adduction and internal rotation at the shoulder

Front 73

latissimus dorsi: innervation

Back 73

Thoracodorsal Nerve (C6-8)

Front 74

serratus anterior: Origin

Back 74

anterolateral aspect of the upper 8-9 ribs

Front 75

serratus anterior: insertion

Back 75

scapula's medial border.

Front 76

serratus anterior: action

Back 76

prevents both scapular adduction and displacement of the medial border of the scapula from the chest wall when the upper limb is used to push a load

(aka, prevents scapular winging)

Front 77

serratus anterior: Innervation

Back 77

long thoracic nerve (C5-7)

Front 78

pectoralis major: origin

Back 78

upper:clavicle

intermediate: sternum and adjacent costal cartilages

lower: anterior aspect of the lower ribs

Front 79

pectoralis major: insertion

Back 79

crest of the greater tubercle of the humerus

Front 80

pectoralis major: action

Back 80

Adducts and medially rotates humerus, draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly. Clavicular head flexes humerus and sternocostal head extends it from a flexed position

Front 81

pectoralis major: innervation

Back 81

Lateral and medial pectoral nerves(C5,C6, C7, C8, T1)

Front 82

Pectoralis Minor: Origin

Back 82

anterior aspect of about the second to fifth ribs

Front 83

Pectoralis Minor: insertion

Back 83

coracoid process.

Front 84

Pectoralis Minor: action

Back 84

minor adductor and downward rotator of the glenoid.

Front 85

Pectoralis Minor: innervation

Back 85

Medial Pectoral Nerve

Front 86

Deltoid: Origin

Back 86

Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, superior surface of acromion, spine of scapula

Front 87

Deltoid: insertion

Back 87

lateral aspect of the midshaft of the humerus (deltoid tuberosity)

Front 88

Deltoid: action

Back 88

Anterior part flexes and medially rotates arm, middle part abducts arm, and posterior part extends and laterally rotates arm

Front 89

Deltoid: Innervation

Back 89

Axillary Nerve (C5-6)

Front 90

teres minor: Origin

Back 90

Lateral border of scapula

Front 91

teres minor: insertion

Back 91

Inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

Front 92

teres minor: action

Back 92

Rotates the arm laterally. adducts the arm at the shoulder. extends arm from flexed position, adducts and medially rotates arm at shoulder

Front 93

teres minor: Innervation

Back 93

Axillary nerve (C5-C6)

Front 94

infraspinatus muscle: Origin

Back 94

nfraspinous fossa of the scapula

Front 95

infraspinatus muscle: insertion

Back 95

posterior aspect of the greater tubercle just above the teres minor

Front 96

infraspinatus muscle: action

Back 96

external rotator of the shoulder

Front 97

infraspinatus muscle: innervation

Back 97

Suprascapular Nerve (C5-6)

Front 98

supraspinatus muscle: Origin

Back 98

supraspinous fossa of the scapula

Front 99

supraspinatus muscle: insertion

Back 99

superior aspect of the greater tubercle

Front 100

supraspinatus muscle: action

Back 100

Initiates and assists deltoid in abduction of arm and acts with rotator cuff muscles

Front 101

supraspinatus muscle: innervation

Back 101

Suprascapular nerve (C4, C5, C6)

Front 102

subscapularis: origin

Back 102

subscapular fossa of the scapula

Front 103

subscapularis: insertion

Back 103

lesser tubercle of the humerus

Front 104

subscapularis: action

Back 104

internal rotator of the shoulder when no resistance is offered

Front 105

subscapularis: innervation

Back 105

upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5-7)

Front 106

Teres Major: Origin

Back 106

Inferior angle of scapula

Front 107

Teres Major: insertion

Back 107

Medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus

Front 108

Teres Major: Action

Back 108

Adducts and medially rotates arm

Front 109

Teres Major: Innervation

Back 109

Lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6)