Turkish Grammar 1 To Be; Accusative Case; Possessive Pronouns

Front 1

mutluyum, mutlusun, mutlu, mutluyuz, mutlusunuz, mutlu (or mutlular)

Back 1

İ am happy, you are happy, he is happy, we are happy, you (pl) are happy, they are happy

Front 2

Ben -(y)Im, Sen -(y)sIn, O - none (or DIr), Biz -(y)Iz, Siz -sInIz, Onlar - none (or DIr); Onlar -LAr (or DIrLAr) (4 way harmony except 3rd person pl suffix which is 2 way harmony)

Back 2

To be endings

Front 3

ben mutluyum

Back 3

İ am happy

Front 4

sen mutlusun

Back 4

you familiar are happy

Front 5

o mutlu

Back 5

he is happy

Front 6

biz mutluyuz

Back 6

we are happy

Front 7

siz mutlusunuz

Back 7

you plural are happy

Front 8

onlar mutlu (mutludur); onlar mutlular (mutludurlar)

Back 8

they are happy

Front 9

(two way harmony plural) i, e, ü, ö

Back 9

-LER (plural suffix)

Front 10

(two way harmony plural) a, ı , o, u

Back 10

-LAR (plural suffix)

Front 11

(accusative direct object suffix) (4 way harmony) (y) ü; (y) i; (y) u; (y) I

Back 11

Ö or Ü = (y) Ü (accusative suffix);

E or İ = (y) İ;

O or U = (y) U;

A or I = (y) I

Front 12

şu or o

Back 12

that

Front 13

bu (bunu accusative)

Back 13

this

Front 14

kitap; kitabı

Back 14

book; the book

Front 15

p = b; t = d; k = ğ; ç = c

Back 15

consonant changes if end of word stem followed by vowel suffix

Front 16

şunlar or onlar

Back 16

those

Front 17

bunlar

Back 17

these

Front 18

şu kitaplar; bu kitaplar

Back 18

those books; these books

Front 19

ben o elmaları

Back 19

İ eat those apples

Front 20

mutlu ol!

Back 20

be happy! (from olmak to become)

Front 21

(possessive pronouns, 4 way harmony) -(I)m (if word ends in vowel just add m)

Back 21

my

Front 22

-(I)m; -(I)n; -(s)I (use s as buffer if word ends in vowel); (I)mlz; -(I)nlz; (s)I/leri

Back 22

(suffixes) my, your, his, our, your (pl), their

Front 23

(don't need to use as suffix is sufficient but can be used to add emphasis) benim, senim, onun, bizim, sizin, onların

Back 23

(pronouns) my, your, his, our, your (pl), their

Front 24

benim bir köpeği var

Back 24

i have a dog

Front 25

(trick question as it has a double meaning) köpeğin

Back 25

can mean your dog or the dog's

Front 26

kedin

Back 26

can only mean your cat (unlike köpeğin which can mean both your dog and the dog's)

Front 27

bizim .... var

Back 27

we have ....

Front 28

ayı; ayım

Back 28

bear; my bear

Front 29

bizim ... yok

Back 29

we do not have ...

Front 30

senin şekerin yok

Back 30

you do not have sugar

Front 31

Benim adım ...

Back 31

my name is ...

Front 32

(dative pronouns) bana; sana; ona; bize; size; onlara

Back 32

for or to me(or motion towards a place); for you; for him; to us; to you (pl); for them

Front 33

Fıstıkçı Şahap (Da the locative suffix becomes Ta after these consonants)

Back 33

Da = locative suffix, means in, at or on a place. Da becomes Ta after these consonants (da or te follow two way harmony)

Front 34

ne?

Back 34

what?

Front 35

neden?

Back 35

why?

Front 36

nere?

Back 36

where?

Front 37

ne zaman?

Back 37

when?

Front 38

which?

Back 38

hangi?

Front 39

nasıl?

Back 39

how?

Front 40

kaç tane?

Back 40

how many?

Front 41

ne kadar?

Back 41

how much?

Front 42

ne sıkıkla?

Back 42

how often?

Front 43

kimin?

Back 43

whose?

Front 44

soru

Back 44

a question

Front 45

cevap

Back 45

an answer

Front 46

neden havuzda yok?

Back 46

why is she not at the pool?