Turf Herbicide Application Principles

Front 1

HERBICIDE APPLICATION PRINCIPLES

for a herb to work right, it has to be app right. It can be simple or complex. do what?

Back 1

follow the label.

the label dictates proper apps

its user's responsiblity to comply w/ label directions.

Home apps are usually easy but commerical herb apps require knowing what your doing

Front 2

APPICATION EQUIPMENT

gear to use to apply herb varies w/ site of app.

what else?

Back 2

the weeds to be control vary
the formulas vary

SO,,,choose wisely.

Front 3

What does time have to do with a herb app?

Back 3

how fast do you need to apply herb. Is equipment right to get job done in a timely way

Front 4

what does Suitibility have to do w/ herb app principles?

Back 4

does your equipment fit the particular job? will equipment damage crop? OR spread weeds or disease?

Front 5

Frequency refers to how many apps will be needed in a season

What about Treatment type?

Back 5

do you need to broadcast or blanket area?

spot treat?

Front 6

Surrounding areas?

Back 6

should you consider other methods of control that could reduce or eliminate neet for pesticide treatment?

Front 7

TYPES OF EQUIPMENT USED

Usually herb apps in ornamental plantings are usually manually operated sprayers or low pressure power sprayers w/ single nozzle spray gun. what is this equipment used for?

Back 7

turf lawns golf courses

Usually most common app equipt is manually operated sprayers boom sprayers granular spreaders

Front 8

So diff types equipment have + and - advantages. So?

Back 8

you have to think about all this, evaluate

Front 9

SPRAY APPLICATION EQUIPMENT

hand sprayers use compressed air and backpack designed things are for ?

Back 9

spot treatments or small areas, around trees where large sprayers can't get to. These small sprayers put out 1 to 3 gallons and work at pressures up to 30 psi

Front 10

Single nozzle hand guns attach to the cant but spray booms can be used too. what do these single nozzle hand guns NOT have?

Back 10

a pressure gauge or pressure controls.

you hand pump it up

some have a gas engine to drive a pump on it

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This is called hand equipment.

How does a hand sprayer work?

Back 11

hydraulic pump creates pressure in the tank and forces solution out spray nozzle. Some backpact units have gas engines.

Front 12

How do you spray w/ a hand held?

Back 12

steady constant height
spray while walking OR
swing extention back and forth in sweeping overlapping motion. Maintain uniform walking speed.

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What are advantages of hand help app?

Back 13

inexpensive
simple to use and clean
use in hard to get to areas
requires little storage space

Front 14

what the down to hand helds?

Back 14

not practical for large jobs
since the tank is small, freq refilling

Front 15

Low pressure boom sprayers mount on tractors trailers and what?

Back 15

driven over large turf areas for broadcast pest apps.

Low pressure boom sprayers spray 10 - 40 gallons an acre of dilute spray w/ 20 - 60 lbs of pressure.

Front 16

These low pressure boom sprayers might have a hand gun for getting individual plants. the tanks are usually 100 gallons

Whats the advantage of a large low pressure boom sprayer?

Back 16

inexpensive and lightweight
cover large areas fast
low vol means cover large area fast, one tank load covers lots of area.
less drift risk is the answer
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hi pressure more drift

Front 17

whats disadvantage to low pressure boom sprayers?

Back 17

can't penetrate or cover dense foliage b/c its low pressure and its app rate (slow)

Most low pressure boom sprayers rely on bypass or return flow agitations, WP (wettable powders) settle out. So you need an engine (mech agitator) and NOT leaving WP in tank for long times

Front 18

HIGH PRESSURE SPRAYERS

also use dilute spray BUT pressures up to ...

Back 18

several hundred psi

Usually shot thru hand held guy or multi nozzle spray boom. The force comes from a pump.

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Hi pressure sprayers are usually used for ...

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insecticide and fungicide apps BUT can be adapted for herbs.

Hi pressure sprayers great for

shade trees, ornamentals, etc that have dense foliage that require good penetration.

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What are disadvantages of hi pressure sprayers?

Back 20

heavy and expensive
require large amts of water
makes lots and lots of drift

Front 21

SRAYER NOZZLES

spray nozzle selection is important ...type & size

interaction b/t the tip and spray pressure determines ...

Back 21

amt of spray to a given area

uniformity of spray

coverage obtained

amt of driftable spray

Front 22

How do you minilize drift?

Back 22

select nozzle that gives largest drop while giving adaquate coverage.
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Front 23

there of lots and lots of tips but only a few types are commonly used for applying herbs in ornamental plantings and turf?

What are the 4 parts to a Nozzle?

Back 23

nozzle body

strainer (screen)

cap

tip )orifice plante(

there could be a spinner plate

good spraying depends on correct selecting

Front 24

what does the nozzle tip do?

Back 24

break the liquid into droplets

also distribute spray in a particular pattern

Nozzle performance depends on
design or type
size of spray tip
pressure
discharge angle
distance b/t nozzle and target

Front 25

NOZZLE WEAR

most resistant are tungsten carbide tips and ...

Back 25

ceramic

to abrasion and corrison but $$$

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stainless steel tips resist...

Back 26

corrosion and abrasion

esp if hardened

Front 27

brass tips?

Back 27

less $$$ than stainless resist corrosion but not abrasion

Nylon tips wear like brass BUT swell when exposed to organic solvents

Front 28

Aluminum tips wear fast but

Back 28

inexpensive

and resist corrosion

Front 29

NOZZLE TYPES

flat fan are used for...
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Back 29

most apps

keep psi b/t 15 - 30.

these pressures keep drops med to coarse that are less drift than finer drops at 40 psi

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outer edges of a spray pattern have reduced volumes SO what do we do?

Back 30

we overlap in a boom
this gives uniform coverage

make overlap around 40 - 50% of nozzle spacing

Front 31

flooding flat fan nozzles produce wide angle pattern that should be spaced ?

Back 31

40 inches or less

these flat fan nozzles are most effective in reducing drift running a psi of 8 - 25 psi

Front 32

Pressure changes affect width of a flooding flat fan spray nozzle than ...

Back 32

a regular flat fan nozzle

(reg flat fan gives better uniform pattern)

Front 33

Best distribution is when ...

Back 33

nozzle is at a height and angle to give at least double coverage or 100% overlap.

Remember picture showing a 50% overlap? Best is at 100% overlap

Front 34

FLOODING FLAT FAN NOZZLE

What kind of Nozzle should you use for extended coverage at the end of a boom?

Back 34

off center flat fan nozzles

this nozzle makes a off center spray pattern extending in ONE DIRECTION from the tip.

Front 35

A broadcast (boomless) nozzle spray swaths up to 30' or more. But its suspectible to drift than what?

Back 35

nozzles mounted on a spray boom AND distribution is less uniform.

Broadcast nozzles make small drops immediately under nozzle but deposit extremely large droplets at outer edges of the swath so again its not uniform

Front 36

BOOMLESS NOZZLE

We are discussing a broadcast nozzles


use broadcast nozzles on boomless sprayers to ...

Back 36

extend the effective width
on the end of a boom OR when thorough coverage of surface isn't necessary.

Front 37

what works well in apps in ornamental plantings and turf areas?

Back 37

spray guns work well

low flow rate w/ wide cone spray pattern to hi flow rate w/ straight stream patterns

SPRAY GUNS are NOT good for spraying turf areas like lawns or golf course greens! No uniform coverage

Front 38

Metered spray guns deliver precise amt of spray

what is this good for?

Back 38

good for delivering a small set amt of spray to plants

Front 39

APPLICATION EQUIPMENT for DRY FORMULATIONS

This is like spreaders.

They apply granular formulas to turf. what is important here?

Back 39

proper selection
care
calibration and use
to get good results and min costs.

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What are the 2 types of granular spreaders?

Back 40

drop or gravity spreader

rotary or centrifugal spreader

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DROP GRAVITY

use drop to apply coarse uniformly sized particles to soil water and foliage. More precise than ...

Back 41

rotary spreaders and deliver more uniform pattern.

I have this one, drop spreader

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+ of drop spreaders:
light weight and simple design
min drift also great for not getting stuff on ...

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nontarget areas.

some designs let you shut off one side for doing a driveway

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- of a drop spreader is...

cant' handle large granules
edge of your drop pattern is sharp so you ...

Back 43

miss or double up! MY problem!

Uniform coverage can be difficult.
Also amt of mat flowing doesn't change w/ walking speed. So constant walking speed is necessary. Plus you need other gear to finish the yard you can't get to.

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Rotary spreaders are ...

Back 44

faster than drop spreaders. Steering errors less critical.

Front 45

+ of a rotary spreader

cover areas quickly
easier to push
harder to knock out of cal
whate else?

Back 45

plastic or fiberglass spreaders resist corrison

Front 46

- of rotary spreaders

more sensitive than drop spreaders to ground speed, the sizes of granules, and enviro factors. What else?

Back 46

change in ground speed changes dist pattern by throwing it out faster and not as far at slower speeds
heavy granuales dont'go as far as light granules

drift is big problem here if there is wind

less precise in uniformity than drop
need other gear to finish foliar apps.

Front 47

Calculating Area of Target

small sites are in sq feet
large areas in acres

How many sq feet in an acre?

Back 47

43,560 sq feet in an acre

We will have to determine the unit of AREA read label to find units EX (1,000 sq ft OR acre)

Front 48

Before doing a job I have to be able to ...

Back 48

determine the equipment's delivery rate (set the thing OR calibrate it for the job)

determine how much herb you need (granules or liquid)

determine app amt of water needed IF you are going to spray

Front 49

So I will need to do these things

CALCULATE THE AREA OF TARGET

CALIBRATE THE EQUIPMENT

AND WHAT?

Back 49

MIX THE PRODUCT AND CALCULATIONS

Front 50

We learned formulas for
Trapazoids
Triangles
Rectangles
Circles

what are they?

Back 50

Trapazoid a+b/2 X h

Triangle b X h / 2

Rectangle l X w

Circle Pi X radius squared

thats it

Front 51

CALIBRATION

Delivery rate =

Back 51

amt of material the equipment applies PER UNIT OF AREA

EX: 20 gallons of spray PER
acre OR 15 lbs of granules per 1,000 sq ft.

Front 52

CALIBRATION = PROCESS OF DETERMINING & ADJUSTING DELIVERY RATE OF APP SO THAT IT DELIVERS ...

Back 52

THE CORRECT AMT OF HERB ON SPECIFIED AREA.

If you apply this stuff w/ unset uncalibrated gear, you damage the target, nontargets, reduce weed control, increase costs, damage enviroment.

Front 53

when should you recalibrate?

Back 53

any time you change pesticides

if equipment hasn't been used

if equipment is exeriencing wear and tear

anytime you repair it

Front 54

we will think about using

granular spreaders
hand sprayers
power sprayers

Fine

Granular Ap Equipment

all granular speaders should be calibrated for ...

Back 54

proper delivery rate for the dude using it and product.

The manufacture can help you set up settings and swath width. Use their gate setting as a START! for calibration trials prior to large scale use!

Front 55

whats easiest way to check your delivery rate?

Back 55

put a weighed amt of product in spreader.

apply over a measured area, preferably at least 1,000 sq ft for a drop spreader and 5,000 sq ft rotary. then weigh product left in spreader to see how much actually went out.

Front 56

to calculate app rate:

determine size of test area
divide amt of pesticide in lbs by area of tarp in sq ft and multipy by 1,000 to get ...

Back 56

answer in lb/1,000 sq ft or by 43,560 for lb/acre.

Front 57

SPRAY APPLICATION EQUIPMENT

make sure this equipment works before even starting to calibrate it.

do what?

Back 57

ck nozzle tips, are they correct for the job?

Clean all nozzles, tips, screens,
ck spray vol output of all nozzles; replace nozzle tips that differ by more than 10% of ave. output of all nozzles or yank all of them if more than one is busted
ck pressure gauges. If rusty or questionable, replace

Front 58

What is spray delivery rate?

Back 58

amt of spray sol applied per unit area.

Front 59

3 variables determine sprayer delivery rate?

Back 59

nozzle output
nozzle spacing or spray width
ground speed of sprayer

Front 60

SPRAY DELIVERY RATE = amt of spray sol applied ....

Back 60

per unit area! remember

Front 61

what determines nozzle output?

Back 61

the pressure and size of nozzle tips

Front 62

increasing pressure OR nozzle tip will increase output? BUT what?

Back 62

increasing pressure does NOT give a proportional increase in output.

Front 63

whats best way to make big change in flow rate?

Back 63

change size of nozzle tips

operating pressure
speed of sprayer
nozzle spacing
make big changes in output per acre.

Front 64

sprayer delivery rate is inversely proportional to speed of sprayer.

Does this apply to wheel driven sprayers?

Back 64

no

the speed of travel also affects the pressure

Front 65

Mechanized Boom Sprayers

A calibration method for boom sprayers

uses a constant of 4,084 to what?

Back 65

convert ounces to gallons and seconds, feet, and inches to acres.
GPA (gallons per acres) =

4,084 X nozzle output in oz per sec
______________________________

ft/sec X nozzle spacing in inches

Front 66

what is the feet per second formula?

Back 66

dist in feet / time in sec.s

Front 67

when calibrating your spreader
what do they recommend using to calibrate in terms of delivery rate for the area?
drop spreader?
rotary spreader?

rotary spreader?

Back 67

drop spreader:
1,000 sq ft

rotary spreader:
5,000 sq ft

throw it out
collect it up and weigh what your threw out

This determines what you actually threw out

Front 68

Now we calibrate for

APPLICATION RATE

1) determine size area of test area

2) divide amt of pesticide applied in lb by area on the tarp
then what?

Back 68

multiply by 1,000 for lb/sq ft

multiply by 43,560 for lb/acre