Turf Grass Exam 1

Front 1

Turfgrass

Back 1

Plants that forms a continuous ground covering, and lives with regular mowing and traffic

Front 2

Turf

Back 2

An interconnecting community of turfgrass

Front 3

Lawn

Back 3

Ground covered with turfgrass and is mowed routinely

Front 4

Major Uses of Turfgrass

Back 4

1.Ornamental

2.Recreational

3.Functional

Hint 4

3 Uses

Front 5

Visual Quality of Grass

Back 5

1.Color

2.Density

3.Texture

4.Uniformity

5.Growth Habits

6.Smoothness

Hint 5

6 Types

Front 6

Color

Back 6

-Measure of light reflected by turfgrass

-useful indicator of general condition of turf

Front 7

Loss of Color

Back 7

1.Nutritional Deficiencies

2.Pest Problems

3.Excessive Water (flood)

4.Water Deficit

5.Environmental Stress

Hint 7

5 Ways

Front 8

Density

Back 8

Increased shoot density

Front 9

Texture

Back 9

-Measure of width of leaf blades

-Varies between species and cultivars

Front 10

Uniformity

Back 10

Estimate of the even appearance of the turf

Front 11

Lowers Uniformity

Back 11

1.Bare Areas

2.Weeds

3.Insect Damage

4.Disease

Hint 11

4 ways

Front 12

Functional Quality

Back 12

1.Rigidly

2.Elasticity

3.Resiliency

4.Recuperated Potential

5.Verdure

6.Rooting

7.Grain

8.Yield

Hint 12

8 impacts

Front 13

Rigidly

Back 13

Resistance of turfgrass leaves to compression

Front 14

Leads to Rigidity

Back 14

1.Water Content

2.Temperature

3.Plant Size

4.Shoot Density

5.Plant tissue chemical composition

Hint 14

5 Ways

Front 15

Elasticity

Back 15

Tendency turfgrass has to spring back and return to its original orientation after being compressed

Hint 15

"Rubberband"

Front 16

Impacts on Elasticity

Back 16

1.Mowing

2.Equipment

3.Foot Traffic

4.Frost

Hint 16

4 ways

Front 17

Resiliency

Back 17

Capacity the turf has to absorb shock without destroying it's characteristics

Front 18

Characteristics of Resiliency

Back 18

1.Turf leaves and shoots

2.Thatch

Front 19

Recuperative Capacity

Back 19

Capacity turfgrass has to recover from damage and/or injury

Front 20

Impacts on Recuperative Capacity

Back 20

1.Traffic

2.Diseases

3.Insects

4.Severely Compacted Soil

5.Foot Traffic

6.Vehicular Traffic

7.Inadequate fertility or soil moisture

8.Excessive fertility or soil moisture

9.Unfavorable Temperatures

10.Insufficient light

Hint 20

10 ways

Front 21

Verdure

Back 21

Quantity of leftover alive grass after mowed

Front 22

Impacts on Verdure

Back 22

1.Resiliency

2.Rigidity

3.Wear Resistance

Hint 22

3 ways

Front 23

Rooting

Back 23

Amount of Root Growth present at any time during growth season

Front 24

Things to look for when Rooting

Back 24

1.Numerous Roots

2.White to Cream Color

3.Depth of Roots

4.Dark Tan - Brown = dying roots

Hint 24

4 things

Front 25

Grain

Back 25

-The way turfgrass grows horizontally instead of vertically

-The way grass lays after mowed

Front 26

Yield

Back 26

-Amount of dry matter collected from turf after mowing

-Helps measure growth rate

Front 27

Growth Habit

Back 27

Type of shoot growth present for a particular turfgrass

Front 28

Types of Growth Habits

Back 28

1.Bunch-type

2.Rhizomatous (Rhizome)

3.Stoloniferous (Stolon)

Hint 28

3 types

Front 29

Bunch-type

Back 29

-Spread primarily or exclusively by tillers

-May form small isolated clumps

-Non-uniform surface

Front 30

Rhizomatous

Back 30

-Rhizome - Spread by below ground shoots

-Form uniform turfs

-Aerial shoots are oriented in upright position

Front 31

Stolonifous

Back 31

-Stolon - Spread by above ground, lateral shoots

-Form uniform turfs

-Aerial shoots are in a horizontal position

Front 32

Smoothness

Back 32

-Surface Feature of turf that affects visual Quality and playability

-Measured with speed-stamp meter

Front 33

Botanical Classification

Back 33

Plantae (plants) - Kingdom

Embroyophyta (embryo plants) - Division

Phanaerogama (seed plans) - Subdivision

Angiospermae (seed enclosed in ovary) - Branch

Hint 33

Kingdom, Division, Subdivision, Branch

Front 34

Angiosperms

Back 34

-Flowering plants

-In contrast to gymnosperms such as pines and cedars (cones)

Front 35

Classes

Back 35

-Monocotyledon = monocots, grass like plants

-Dicotyledon = dicots, broadleaf plants

Front 36

Grasses (Poaceae)

Back 36

1.Leaves arranged in ranks or 2

2.Legules present (small membranes)

3.stems cylindrical or flattened; hollowed or solid

4.Conspicuous nodes

Hint 36

4 characteristics

Front 37

Sedges (Cyperaceae)

Back 37

1.Leaves arranged in ranks of 3

2.Ligules absent

3.Stems triangular

4.Inconspicuous nodes

Hint 37

4 characteristics

Front 38

Rushes (Juncaceae)

Back 38

1.Leaves arranged in ranks of 3

2.Ligules present

3.Stems round

4.Inconspicuous Nodes

Hint 38

4 characteristics

Front 39

Adaptation of Turfgrasses

Back 39

-Close grazing of grasslands (close mowing)

-Grasses with short internodes and prostate

-Growth habit developed (lower dense grass)

Front 40

Native Grasses

Back 40

Grasses that originate and persistent in a specific region

Front 41

Naturalized Grasses

Back 41

Grasses from another region that established and adapted to its new region

Front 42

Annuals

Back 42

Normally live only for 1 growing season

(Annual Rye Grass)

Front 43

Biennials

Back 43

Complete normal life in 2 years (Weeds)

Sometimes annuals will survive 2nd year

Front 44

Perennials

Back 44

Live for more than 2 years

True perennials will live indefinitely

Front 45

Short Lived Perennials

Back 45

Turfgrasses that die within 2-4 years

Front 46

Festcoideae

Back 46

1.Cool season species

2.Adapted to temperate, subartic and sometimes subtropical climates

3.Considered C3 grasses

Hint 46

3 Chacteristics (Sub-Family)

Front 47

Festuceae Tribe (Festucoideae)

Back 47

1.Fescues *

2.Bluegrasses *

3.Ryegrasses *

4.Bromegrasses

5.Alkaligrasses

Hint 47

5 Grasses

Front 48

Avenceae Tribe (Festucoideae)

Back 48

1.Bentgrass *

2.Redtop

3.Timothy

Hint 48

3 types

Front 49

Triticeae Tribe (Festucoideae)

Back 49

Wheatgrass

Hint 49

1 type

Front 50

Eragrostoideae

Back 50

1.Warm season species

2.Adapted to warm temperate, tropical and subtropical climates; adapted to arid/semi-arid regions within climates

3.Considered C4 grasses

Hint 50

3 Characteristics (Sub-Family)

Front 51

Chloriceae Tribe (Eragrostoideae)

Back 51

1.Bermuda Grasses *

2.Buffalo Grass

3.Gramagrasses

Hint 51

3 types

Front 52

Zoysiceae Tribe (Eragrostoideae)

Back 52

Zoysia Grasses

Hint 52

1 type

Front 53

Panicoideae

Back 53

1.Warm season species

2.Adapted to tropical and sub-tropical climates

3.Considered C4 grasses

Hint 53

3 Characteristics (Sub-Family)

Front 54

Paniceae Tribe (Panicoideae)

Back 54

1.Carpet Grass

2.Bahiagrass *

3.Seashore Paspalum

4.Kikuyugrass

5.St. Augustine Grass *

Hint 54

5 types

Front 55

Andropogoceae Tribe (Panicoideae)

Back 55

1.Centipedegrass

Hint 55

1 type