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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Thiamine (B1)
Cofactor and function? |
Thiaminepyrophosphate (TPP)
Used in decarboxylation of alpha-ketoacids |
|
Riboflavin (B2)
Cofactor and function? |
FAD and FMN
Used in oxidation/reduction reactions |
|
Niacin (Nicotinic acid)
Cofactor and function? |
NAD+ and NADP+
Used in oxidation/reduction reactions |
|
Pantothenic Acid (B5)
Cofactor and function? |
Coenzyme A
Carries fatty acids and acetyl groups |
|
Pyridoxine (B6)
Cofactor and function? |
Pyridoxal-P
Used in transamination |
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Biotin
Cofactor and function? |
Biotinyl-lysine
Used in carboxylation reactions (carboxylases) |
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Folic Acid
Cofactor and function? |
Tetrahydrofolate (THF)
Carries one carbon, which is then used in anabolism |
|
Cobalamin
Cofactor and function? |
Methylcobalamin and 5'-Deoxyadenosylcobalamin
Synthesis of methionine and intramolecular movement |
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Ascorbic Acid (C)
Cofactor and function? |
Used as-is (ascorbic acid)
Cofactor in hydroxylation reactions and as an antioxidant |
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Name?
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Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)
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Name?
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Biotin
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Name?
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Cobalamin
|
|
Name?
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Folic Acid
|
|
Name?
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Niacin (Nicotinic acid)
|
|
Name?
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Pantothenic Acid (B5)
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Name?
|
Pyridoxine (B6)
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Name?
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Riboflavin (B12)
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Name?
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Thiamine (B1)
|
|
Cofactor and function?
|
Used as-is (ascorbic acid)
Cofactor in hydroxylation reactions and as an antioxidant |
|
Cofactor and function?
|
Biotinyl-lysine
Used in carboxylation reactions (carboxylases) |
|
Cofactor and function?
|
Methylcobalamin and 5'-Deoxyadenosylcobalamin
Synthesis of methionine and intramolecular movement |
|
Cofactor and function?
|
Tetrahydrofolate (THF)
Carries one carbon, which is then used in anabolism |
|
Cofactor and function?
|
NAD+ and NADP+
Used in oxidation/reduction reactions |
|
Cofactor and function?
|
Coenzyme A
Carries fatty acids and acetyl groups |
|
Cofactor and function?
|
Pyridoxal-P
Used in transamination |
|
Cofactor and function?
|
FAD and FMN
Used in oxidation/reduction reactions |
|
Cofactor and function?
|
Thiaminepyrophosphate (TPP)
Used in decarboxylation of alpha-ketoacids |
|
Deficiency yields?
|
ASCORBIC ACID DEFICIENCY:
-Scurvy- ecchymoses (hemorrhaging) and bleeding gums (loose teeth) -Elastic skin due to malformed collagen >>Often seen in infants receiving artificial formula, especially when heated<< >>Megadoses can lead to kidney stones<< |
|
Deficiency yields?
|
BIOTIN DEFICIENCY:
-Alopecia, especially where raw egg protein avidin complexes with biotin, preventing uptake >>Alcoholics and homeless especially susceptible<< |
|
Deficiency yields?
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COBALAMIN DEFICIENCY:
-Megaloblastic Anemia- different from B12 and folate deficiencies >>Different from pernicious anemia, which is a genetic defect preventing uptake due to absence of intrinsic factor<< |
|
Deficiency yields?
|
FOLIC ACID DEFICIENCY:
-Megablastic Anemia- large, non-functional, nucleated red blood cells -Decreased DNA synthesis due to decreased THF-dependent nucleotide synthesis >>Alcoholics especially susceptible<< >>Deficiency during early pregnancy can cause neural tube defects<< |
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Deficiency yields?
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DIETARY DEFICIENCY:
Pellegra- dementia, diarrhea, dermatitis, and death GENETIC DISORDER: Hartnup Disease- defective transport of Trp produces pellegra-like symptoms >>Diets low in Trp (eg. corn diets) increase susceptibility due to decreased Trp-Niacin enzymatic pathway<< |
|
Deficiency yields?
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No known human cases of pantothenic acid deficiency
|
|
Deficiency yields?
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PYRIDOXINE DEFICIENCY:
-Microcytic Anemia- red bloods cells are small and hypochromic; can also be caused by severe iron deficiency >>Fairly common<< |
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Deficiency yields?
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RIBOFLAVIN DEFICIENCY:
-Anemia, oily dermatitis, soreness of lips -Cheilosis- lieson on mouth, cracked and magenta tongue >>Newborns, children, and pregnant women especially susceptible<< |
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Deficiency yields?
|
THIAMINE DEFICIENCY:
Beri-beri- 4 enzymes stop working, including transketolase (yields Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome) Wernicke-Korsakoff SYNDROME (not the genetic "disease")- Ataxia, psychosis, ophthalmoplagia, wide-eyed appearance >>Alcoholics susceptible to thiamine deficiency because alcohol prevents thiamine uptake and alcohol itself is thiamine-deficient<< |
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Thiamine (B1) deficiency yields?
|
THIAMINE DEFICIENCY:
Beri-beri- 4 enzymes stop working, including transketolase (yields Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome) Wernicke-Korsakoff SYNDROME (not the genetic "disease")- Ataxia, psychosis, ophthalmoplagia, wide-eyed appearance >>Alcoholics susceptible to thiamine deficiency because alcohol prevents thiamine uptake and alcohol itself is thiamine-deficient<< |
|
Riboflavin (B2) deficiency yields?
|
RIBOFLAVIN DEFICIENCY:
-Anemia, oily dermatitis, soreness of lips -Cheilosis- lieson on mouth, cracked and magenta tongue >>Newborns, children, and pregnant women especially susceptible<< |
|
Niacin (Nicotinic acid) deficiency yields?
|
DIETARY DEFICIENCY:
Pellegra- dementia, diarrhea, dermatitis, and death GENETIC DISORDER: Hartnup Disease- defective transport of Trp produces pellegra-like symptoms >>Diets low in Trp (eg. corn diets) increase susceptibility due to decreased Trp-Niacin enzymatic pathway<< |
|
Pantothenic Acid (B5) deficiency yields?
|
No known human cases of pantothenic acid deficiency
|
|
Pyridoxine (B6) deficiency yields?
|
PYRIDOXINE DEFICIENCY:
-Microcytic Anemia- red bloods cells are small and hypochromic; can also be caused by severe iron deficiency >>Fairly common<< |
|
Biotin deficiency yields?
|
BIOTIN DEFICIENCY:
-Alopecia, especially where raw egg protein avidin complexes with biotin, preventing uptake >>Alcoholics and homeless especially susceptible<< |
|
Folic Acid deficiency yields?
|
FOLIC ACID DEFICIENCY:
-Megablastic Anemia- large, non-functional, nucleated red blood cells -Decreased DNA synthesis due to decreased THF-dependent nucleotide synthesis >>Alcoholics especially susceptible<< >>Deficiency during early pregnancy can cause neural tube defects<< |
|
Cobalamin deficiency yields?
|
COBALAMIN DEFICIENCY:
-Megaloblastic Anemia- different from B12 and folate deficiencies >>Different from pernicious anemia, which is a genetic defect preventing uptake due to absence of intrinsic factor<< |
|
Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) deficiency yields?
|
ASCORBIC ACID DEFICIENCY:
-Scurvy- ecchymoses (hemorrhaging) and bleeding gums (loose teeth) -Elastic skin due to malformed collagen >>Often seen in infants receiving artificial formula, especially when heated<< >>Megadoses can lead to kidney stones<< |