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45 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Thiamine (B1)

Cofactor and function?
Thiaminepyrophosphate (TPP)

Used in decarboxylation of alpha-ketoacids
Riboflavin (B2)

Cofactor and function?
FAD and FMN

Used in oxidation/reduction reactions
Niacin (Nicotinic acid)

Cofactor and function?
NAD+ and NADP+

Used in oxidation/reduction reactions
Pantothenic Acid (B5)

Cofactor and function?
Coenzyme A

Carries fatty acids and acetyl groups
Pyridoxine (B6)

Cofactor and function?
Pyridoxal-P

Used in transamination
Biotin

Cofactor and function?
Biotinyl-lysine

Used in carboxylation reactions (carboxylases)
Folic Acid

Cofactor and function?
Tetrahydrofolate (THF)

Carries one carbon, which is then used in anabolism
Cobalamin

Cofactor and function?
Methylcobalamin and 5'-Deoxyadenosylcobalamin

Synthesis of methionine and intramolecular movement
Ascorbic Acid (C)

Cofactor and function?
Used as-is (ascorbic acid)

Cofactor in hydroxylation reactions and as an antioxidant
Name?
Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)
Name?
Biotin
Name?
Cobalamin
Name?
Folic Acid
Name?
Niacin (Nicotinic acid)
Name?
Pantothenic Acid (B5)
Name?
Pyridoxine (B6)
Name?
Riboflavin (B12)
Name?
Thiamine (B1)
Cofactor and function?
Used as-is (ascorbic acid)

Cofactor in hydroxylation reactions and as an antioxidant
Cofactor and function?
Biotinyl-lysine

Used in carboxylation reactions (carboxylases)
Cofactor and function?
Methylcobalamin and 5'-Deoxyadenosylcobalamin

Synthesis of methionine and intramolecular movement
Cofactor and function?
Tetrahydrofolate (THF)

Carries one carbon, which is then used in anabolism
Cofactor and function?
NAD+ and NADP+

Used in oxidation/reduction reactions
Cofactor and function?
Coenzyme A

Carries fatty acids and acetyl groups
Cofactor and function?
Pyridoxal-P

Used in transamination
Cofactor and function?
FAD and FMN

Used in oxidation/reduction reactions
Cofactor and function?
Thiaminepyrophosphate (TPP)

Used in decarboxylation of alpha-ketoacids
Deficiency yields?
ASCORBIC ACID DEFICIENCY:
-Scurvy- ecchymoses (hemorrhaging) and bleeding gums (loose teeth)
-Elastic skin due to malformed collagen

>>Often seen in infants receiving artificial formula, especially when heated<<
>>Megadoses can lead to kidney stones<<
Deficiency yields?
BIOTIN DEFICIENCY:
-Alopecia, especially where raw egg protein avidin complexes with biotin, preventing uptake

>>Alcoholics and homeless especially susceptible<<
Deficiency yields?
COBALAMIN DEFICIENCY:
-Megaloblastic Anemia- different from B12 and folate deficiencies

>>Different from pernicious anemia, which is a genetic defect preventing uptake due to absence of intrinsic factor<<
Deficiency yields?
FOLIC ACID DEFICIENCY:
-Megablastic Anemia- large, non-functional, nucleated red blood cells
-Decreased DNA synthesis due to decreased THF-dependent nucleotide synthesis

>>Alcoholics especially susceptible<<
>>Deficiency during early pregnancy can cause neural tube defects<<
Deficiency yields?
DIETARY DEFICIENCY:
Pellegra- dementia, diarrhea, dermatitis, and death

GENETIC DISORDER:
Hartnup Disease- defective transport of Trp produces pellegra-like symptoms

>>Diets low in Trp (eg. corn diets) increase susceptibility due to decreased Trp-Niacin enzymatic pathway<<
Deficiency yields?
No known human cases of pantothenic acid deficiency
Deficiency yields?
PYRIDOXINE DEFICIENCY:
-Microcytic Anemia- red bloods cells are small and hypochromic; can also be caused by severe iron deficiency

>>Fairly common<<
Deficiency yields?
RIBOFLAVIN DEFICIENCY:
-Anemia, oily dermatitis, soreness of lips
-Cheilosis- lieson on mouth, cracked and magenta tongue

>>Newborns, children, and pregnant women especially susceptible<<
Deficiency yields?
THIAMINE DEFICIENCY:
Beri-beri- 4 enzymes stop working, including transketolase (yields Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome)
Wernicke-Korsakoff SYNDROME (not the genetic "disease")- Ataxia, psychosis, ophthalmoplagia, wide-eyed appearance

>>Alcoholics susceptible to thiamine deficiency because alcohol prevents thiamine uptake and alcohol itself is thiamine-deficient<<
Thiamine (B1) deficiency yields?
THIAMINE DEFICIENCY:
Beri-beri- 4 enzymes stop working, including transketolase (yields Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome)
Wernicke-Korsakoff SYNDROME (not the genetic "disease")- Ataxia, psychosis, ophthalmoplagia, wide-eyed appearance

>>Alcoholics susceptible to thiamine deficiency because alcohol prevents thiamine uptake and alcohol itself is thiamine-deficient<<
Riboflavin (B2) deficiency yields?
RIBOFLAVIN DEFICIENCY:
-Anemia, oily dermatitis, soreness of lips
-Cheilosis- lieson on mouth, cracked and magenta tongue

>>Newborns, children, and pregnant women especially susceptible<<
Niacin (Nicotinic acid) deficiency yields?
DIETARY DEFICIENCY:
Pellegra- dementia, diarrhea, dermatitis, and death

GENETIC DISORDER:
Hartnup Disease- defective transport of Trp produces pellegra-like symptoms

>>Diets low in Trp (eg. corn diets) increase susceptibility due to decreased Trp-Niacin enzymatic pathway<<
Pantothenic Acid (B5) deficiency yields?
No known human cases of pantothenic acid deficiency
Pyridoxine (B6) deficiency yields?
PYRIDOXINE DEFICIENCY:
-Microcytic Anemia- red bloods cells are small and hypochromic; can also be caused by severe iron deficiency

>>Fairly common<<
Biotin deficiency yields?
BIOTIN DEFICIENCY:
-Alopecia, especially where raw egg protein avidin complexes with biotin, preventing uptake

>>Alcoholics and homeless especially susceptible<<
Folic Acid deficiency yields?
FOLIC ACID DEFICIENCY:
-Megablastic Anemia- large, non-functional, nucleated red blood cells
-Decreased DNA synthesis due to decreased THF-dependent nucleotide synthesis

>>Alcoholics especially susceptible<<
>>Deficiency during early pregnancy can cause neural tube defects<<
Cobalamin deficiency yields?
COBALAMIN DEFICIENCY:
-Megaloblastic Anemia- different from B12 and folate deficiencies

>>Different from pernicious anemia, which is a genetic defect preventing uptake due to absence of intrinsic factor<<
Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) deficiency yields?
ASCORBIC ACID DEFICIENCY:
-Scurvy- ecchymoses (hemorrhaging) and bleeding gums (loose teeth)
-Elastic skin due to malformed collagen

>>Often seen in infants receiving artificial formula, especially when heated<<
>>Megadoses can lead to kidney stones<<