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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Immune response to cancer
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Intrinsic tumor suppression (repair); Protection (extrinsic tumor suppression); Genetic instability and immunoselection (editing); The problem is that T cell response is weak since the tumor is self
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Cancer antigens
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They exist but they usually induce weak immune responses
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What is the Most important part of the immune response to cancer?
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T-cells
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Cancer cells serving as antigens
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1. Overexpressing of proteins alone can elicit such a response; 2. mutated self protein; 3. product of oncogene or mutated tumor suppressor gene 4 Oncogenic Virus 5. Post-transitionally modified proteins (abnormal processing of normal proteins; spliced, glycosylated, phosphorylated or lipidated
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How a T-cell response to cancer is generated
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CD8+ T cell responses to tumors may by induced by cross priming in which the tumor antigens are taken up by dendritic cells, processed and presented to T cells; potentially the process needs "danger" for it to occur (heat shock proteins, etc)
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What are the barriers to Cancer?
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Lack or tumor antigen/MHC I expression by tumor cell; Presence of inhibitory factors/cells in tumor; Lack of "Danger" signal to upregulate costimulatory proteins;
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What "factors" have been antagonized against to have the immune response attack cancer?
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CTLA-4 and PD1
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What "factors" have been AGONIZED against to have the immune response attack cancer?
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IL-2, CpG, IFN-a, CD40L
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Chimeric antigen receptors
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They still express their native antigen receptors; ALL the modified T cells are now able to recognize the same antigen and become very strongly activated when the antibody portion of the receptor binds to its antigen; Can result in a toxic shock like syndrome. If the tumor antigen is also expressed on normal tissues their could be autoimmunity
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Sipileucil-T
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A dendritic cell vaccine loaded with an antigen GM-CSF conjugate; approved by the FDA for prostrate cancer
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