Tudor Period 1

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The characters of More, Giles, and Morton all correspond in biographical background to actual historical people, Sir Thomas More (author _____), the Humanist thinker Peter Giles, and former Chancellor of England Cardinal John Morton.

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UTOPIA -Sir Thomas More

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4 Major Characters in Utopia are:

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Thomas More, Peter Giles, Cardinal Morton, and Raphael Hythloday

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More travels to Antwerp as ambassador to:

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King Henry 8th

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a nation based on rational thought, with communal property, great productivity, no rapacious love of gold, no real class distinctions, no poverty, little crime or immoral behavior, religious tolerance, and little inclination to war. It is a society that Hythloday believes is superior to any in Europe.

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Utopia-- Socialism

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Le Morte D'Arthur was written by?

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Thomas Malory

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During this Lancastrian monarch's reign, Joan of Arc prospers, and the French experience a number of victories over the English. The English capture and burn Joan of Arc in 1430. The monarch goes mad in 1453, and Queen Margaret gives birth to his heir, Edward, Prince of Wales.

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Henry 6th

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This monarch's father challenges Henry 6th's reign. A brutal civil war ensues. The Lancastrians are victorious at first and the Duke of York is beheaded, however, his eldest son is victorious. Margaret, Edward, and Henry 6th escape to Scotland, but eventually Edward and Henry 6th were killed. Edward 5 should have come to the throne, however, he and his brother (the two young princes) were sent to the Tower by this monarch.

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Richard 3 Duke of York

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Toward the end of the War of the Roses the Tudor line was all that was left of the Lancastrians. Richard 3 leads a charge to cut down this monarch but was himself cut down by this monarchs guards. Richard 3's naked body was slung over a horse, and exhibited to the people. He was buried in an unmarked grave in Lester.

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Henry 7th (Tudor)

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The Tudors tried to recreate the Athurian age because of this book and author.

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Le Morte De Athur, Thomas Mallory

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Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick was also known as:

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The Kingmaker

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1415-1471

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Sir Thomas Mallory

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between 1569 and 1584 --- was keptby the Earl of Shrewsbury and his wife, Bess of Hardwick. The stress and expense of her captivity ruined their marriage.

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Mary Queen of Scots

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1569 The Northern Rebellion:

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The Catholic earls of Westmorland and Northumberland rebelled against Elizabeth, celebrated Mass in Durham Cathedral and eventually dispersed their forces. They fled to Scotland. Northumberland was eventually captured and beheaded at York.

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1570 Regnans in Excelsis:

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a papal bull (proclamation that takes the heir of St. Peter's authority) issued by Pope Pius 5 that declared Elizabeth a heretic and excommunicated any subject who obeyed her.

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1571 Ridolfi plot

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The Duke of Norfolk plotted to marry Mary and depose Elizabeth. Norfolk was finally executed in 1572

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1583 Throckmorton plot:

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duc de Guise would invade England and crown Mary

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1584 Bond of Association;

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assassination of William of Orange, leader of Protestant rebels, in the Netherlands. Plans for English aid to the Dutch rebels are laid.

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The Babington Plot

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Chief was Anthony Babington, a Catholic page to the earl of Shrewsbury. He planned an urising of English Catholics, Elizabeth's assassination, and a Spanish invasion. Babington communicated with Mary using letters smuggles in beer barrels. Walsingham's agents intercepted all correspondence. Mary committed herself wholeheartedly and in writing to the plot- this was her downfall.

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Trial at Fotheringhay Castle

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Mary was tried by a council of English peers on Oct 14,15 1586, at Fotheringhay Castle. In Star Chamber she was condemned to death for plotting Elizabeth's assassination. Parliament called for Mary's execution; Elizabeth resisted. On Feb. 1, 1587, Elizabeth signed the warrant for Mary's execution, and gave it to William Davison, a recently appointed Secretary of State, to be sealed by the Lord Chancellor. Fearful of being blamed for Mary's death, Davison informed other privy councilors, including Sir Christopher Hatton, Robert Dudley, earl of Leicester, and Sir Francis Walsingham...

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Mary's Execution

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1587 Mary was executed in the great hall at Fotheringhay Castle. She dressed all in black, carrying a crucifix and a Latin prayer book. She and her attendants prayed loudly, drowning out the Protestant prayers of Dr. Richard Fletcer and the ealrs of Shrewsbury and Kent, first in Latin and then in English. Before her execution she removed her robes to reveal a dress of tawny velvet- the color of martyrdom in the Catholic Church. The execution was carried out by the headsman from the Tower. It took two strokes. After the beheading, he picked up the head by her auburn curls, intoning, "God save the Queen." Mary's lips continued to move. The head then fell to the ground.

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The Scottish Response to Mary Queen of Scots beheading:

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Mary's son, James 6, had prostested her sentence, but his own desire to succeed Elizabeth preserved Anglo-Scottish amity.

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When Elizabeth received news of the execution on Feb. 9. what did she do?

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She became enraged. She refused to see Burghley for four months. She had Davison committed to the Tower on Feb 14, claiming that he had delivered the warrant to the Privy Council against her instructions. He was sentenced in Star Chamber to Imprisonment at the Queen's pleasure, and fined 6,666 pounds. Davison was released from the Tower on Ocotber 1588; he continued to be paid his salary as Secretary until his death. In 1594 Elizabeth granted him lands worth 200pounds per annnum. He apparently never paid his fine.

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The Spanish Armada

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Philip 2 of Spain (once married to Mary Tudor) began planning in 1586 to invade England and depose Elizabeth, a heretic queen. Other goals: to halt English support for Dutch rebels and English privateers. Pope Sixtus 5 viewed the planned invasion as a cruseade. The armada was comprised of 130-150 ships; over 2400 guns; and 18000 soldiers.

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The Battle of Gravelines July 1588

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prevented the Armada from transporting Parma's army. The Armada circled the British Isles in retreat and lost many ships in the Atlantic. English ships were more advanced technologically. The English outmaneuvered the ships.

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Queen Elizabeth's Tilbury Speech, delivered-

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August 9, 1588

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Sir Thomas Mallory birth and death dates and where is his family from?

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1415-1371 Ancient Norman family with several lines; Sir Thomas came from a manor in Warwickshire. He served in France during the 100 years war. He had connections to two of the most powerful magnates in the realm: The Beauchamp earls/dukes of Warwick and the Stafford earls/dukes of Buckingham

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What was Mallory's demise?

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Malory was knighted by 1441 and served the crown. In 1450-51 Malory allegedly committed a series of crimes, including theft, rape, cattle rustling, and attempted assassination. He was charged by Buckingham (his intended victim). Malory may have affiliated himself with the duke of York (which would have made him a member of the opposition party and eventually a traitor).

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Malory was imprisoned in London in:

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1452

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After Malory's imprisonment he was sent to the tower for and he wrote:

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1468 involved in a plot against Edward, formented by Richard Neville, earl of Warwick (the Kingmaker). He was imprisoned in the Tower and wrote Le Morte Darthur.

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a prose romance compendium of Arthurian legends, explores chivalric virtue and values in the context of the development and eventual failure of Arthur's kingdom.

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Le Morte Darthur

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Edmund Spencer/ wrote /in what year/ what's the story about:

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Faerie Queene, 1590, the search of Prince Arthur for his beloved Gloriana Queen of Fairyland.

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Sir Thomas More dates

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1478-1535

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Sir Thomas More was a humanist which meant:

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a. a renewed interest in classical texts

b. Philological efforts to recover classic texts

c. The embrace of the active life, and the intersection of scholarship with political service.

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**Mary Tudor's Reign dates:

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1553-1558

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A love poem with 14 lines with some sort of rhyme-scheme:

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sonnet

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Sedinger's favorite pizza topping

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black olives

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The Defense of Poetry is what kind of text?

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Humanist

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**Utopia is published in Latin in 1516 and not published in English until:

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1551

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More was canonized by the Catholic church in:

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1935

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More was excecuted for refusing to swear to the King's supremacy in:

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1535

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Sir Thomas Wyatt/ dates/ what he wrote

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1503-1542/ poetry "Whoso list to hunt" "They flee from me" "My lute awake" "Blame not my lute" "Mine own John Poyns"/ his father was a successful courtier who supported the Tudors.

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Thomas Cromwell Earl of Essex, An architect of the Supremacy, Cromwell had encouraged Protestantism to grow in England; both Anne Boleyn and Anne of Cleves were "reformed" Christians. He's connected to Wyatt as his master. His dates

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1485-1540

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Name Henry the 8th's wives and how they stopped being his wives:

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Katherine of Aragon/divorced

Anne Boleyn/beheaded

Jane Seymour/died in childbirth

Anne of Cleves/divorced

Katherine Howard/beheaded

Katherine Parr/survived

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Children of Henry the 8th

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Katherine of Aragon- Mary Tudor

Anne Boleyn- Elizabeth

Jane Seymore- Edward

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Sir Thomas Wyatt was accused of adultery with which Queen?

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Anne Boleyn

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Anne Askew dates

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1521-1546

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Anne Askew's general story

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she married Thomas Kyme. After she converted to Protestantism, he rejected her. She came to London in 1544 seeking a legal separation from her husband. A Catholic informer began to spy on her, probably for connections to powerful noblewomen at court. She was examined for heresy twice.

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After Askew's conviction for heresy she was:

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racked in the Tower by Sir Tomas Wriotheseley, Chancellor; and Sir Richard Rich. She was burned at the stake and died a martyr death.

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John Bale's: The Image of Both Churches (1547) identifies what?

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the Anti-Christ with the Church of Rome.

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John Foxe wrote Acts and Monuments also known as? in what year?

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The Book of Martyrs 1563

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Sir Philip Sidney dates and wrote:

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1554-1586, Astrophil and Stella

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Astrophil and Stella are characters believed to be:

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Penelope Devereux- married to Richard Rich and

Sir Phillip Sidney

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Penelope Devereux may have said no to Sidney but she was famous for her affair to:

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Charles Blount 1605

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Sydney died of

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gangrene and blood poisoning. His father-in-law went bankrupt to celebrate Sidney's funeral.

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Sidney's works:

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1590 New Arcadia

1591 Astrophil and Stella

1595 The Defence of Poesie/ An Apology for Poetry