Tudor Historiography

Front 1

Mid-Tudor Crisis

Back 1

~Traditionalist: -Pollard -Weak rulers -Noak argued that Northumberland was strong, executing Somerset saved England -Economic instability -Rebellions -Factionalism (Norfolk+Gardiner vs Somerset+Parr) -Foreign policy failure -Religious upheaval -Succession crisis

~Revisionist: -Government showed strength in overcoming the problems -"Crisis" redefined, machinery of state never about to collapse -David Loades

Front 2

Wolsey + Henry VIII Foreign Policy

Back 2

~Traditionalist: -Wolsey wanted to dominate Europe -Wanted to please the pope -And eventually to become the pope -Pollard

~Revisionist: -Henry in control -The Imperial King -Wanted the French throne -Loades and Guy

Front 3

Elizabethan Government and Settlement, Traditionalist

Back 3

~Traditionalist: -Tension in Parliament and Privy Council -A strong queen battle against her government -Settlement was a compromise -Puritans were an increasing threat -Catholics were a decreasing threat -Neale

~Revisionist: -More cooperation -Settlement reflected her own religious views

Front 4

Elizabethan Government and Settlement, Revisionist Branches

Back 4

~Older view: -More cooperation -Settlement reflected her own religious views -A 'Golden Age' -Catholicism continued as a threat -Puritanism declined -Pollard, Elton, Elton -Guy: 8 core councillors

~Post-revisionist: Parliament conflict arose from privy-council conflict -Elizabeth spoiled government by ruling through personal relationships -Haigh + Doran

Front 5

Break From Rome

Back 5

~Traditionalist: -Henry in control -Like a lion -Henry's desire for power more a cause than the "Great Matter" -Pollard

~Revisionist: -Cromwell the puppeteer -Henry left detail to ministers -Cromwell motivated by politics, not religion -Elton

~Structuralist: -Church could not have remained unreformed -Revolution from below -Lollards enabled reception of Protestantism

-Dickens

Front 6

Henry VII's Effectiveness

Back 6

~Older revisionists: -Developed Elton's argument that government saw evolution not revolution

-His exile meant he did not understand how England worked -Had to rely on 15th Century methods -Christine Carpenter

~Later revisionists: -Henry brought European ideas to England -Brough country under control -Trade restored, nobles restricted, economic surplus, church reduced corruption -Starkey

Front 7

Elizabeth's Economy and Society

Back 7

~Structuralists: -Agricultural revolution -Transformation of production

~Revisionists: -Elizabeth did not tax the rich enough -Change not consistent enough -Change was not widespread enough -But there was undoubtedly change throughout society

Front 8

Elton's Thesis

Back 8

~Elton: -Constitutional revolution, Henry became head of Church + State and extended authority over Wales and Durham -Political revolution, King-in-Parliament -Bureaucratic revolution, Specialised departments, Privy council emerged

~Critics (Starkey): -Crown already had influence over the church -Parliament was used because it was needed, only later became a partner -Government remained essentially personal

Front 9

Anglo-Spanish Declines in Relations

Back 9

~Traditionalist: -A victorious period -Protestant victory over Catholic enemy -Golden era

~Revisionist: -Elizabeths' actions were reactionary and defensive -Loades

Front 10

Wolsey

Back 10

-Most historians agree he did not manage parliament well

-Guy called him 'arrogant', but the most gifted administrator of the Tudors

-Peter Gwyn argued that the Eltham Ordinances were primarily financial

-Starkey argued they were a response to the Amicable Grant, Wolsey feared he was so unpopular he would lose influence

Front 11

Henry VIII Late Foreign Policy

Back 11

-Pollard, primarily focused on Scotland, wanting to unite the British Isles

-Scarisbrick, primarily focused on France, wanting Imperial victory