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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Trachea |
Beginning: lower border of cricoid cartilage (C6), lower end of larynx Termination: Thorax at sternal angle - T4 into bronchi Course: Descends vertically in midline Structure: 16-20 cartilagenous rings (c shaped bound by trachialis muscle |
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Constrictions of Trachea |
1. At Thyroid Gland 2. On Right side by brachiocephalic artery 3. Left Side by arch of aorta |
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Relations of Thoracic part of Trachea |
Ant: Manubrium sterni, sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thymus gland, brachiocephalic v, inf thyroid vein, arch of aorta, brachiocephalic and common carotid artery, pretrachial lymph nodes Post: oesophagus and left recurrent laryngeal n. Right: R vagus n, brachiocephalic a, mediastinal surface of R lung and pleura, arch of azygos v, R tracheobronchial LN Left: L recurrent laryngeal n, L common carotid, L subclavian, arch of aorta, L tracheobronchial LN |
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Blood Supply to the Trachea |
Cervical: Inferior Thyroid Artery Thoracic Part: Bronchial Arteries R Bronchial artery - from 3rd R post intercostal a L Bronchial artery - from the descending aorta |
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Venous drainage of Trachea |
Cervical Part: Inf thyroid veins Thoracic part: Bronchial beins -R bronchial vein - into azygos L bronchial vein - into the hemiazygos veins |
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Nerve supply |
autonomic fibers from the 2 vagi and the 2 sympathetic chains |
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Differences between Right and Left Main Bronchus |
Length: R- 1inch (shorter) L - 2 inches Size - R - Wider, L-Narrower Direction: R-more vertical Division: R divides before entering the hilum Arterial Supply: R - one bronchial artery from the 3rd R post intercostal a. L - 2 bronchial arteries from the descending aorta Venous: R - in azygous, L into sup and inf hemiazygos Nerve: Both from ant and post pulmonary plexus |
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Relations of Bronchi |
Ant: R- R pulmonary artery, SVC, ascending aorta L- L pulmonary artery, L atrium Post: R - Azygos vein, oesophagus, R bronchial vessels and R post pulmonary plexus L- descending aorta, oesophagus, L bronchial vessels, L post pulmonary plexys Sup: R - arch of azygos L-arch of aorta |
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Oesophagus |
Begin: lower border of C6 as continuation of pharynx Termination: Below diaphragm below oesophageal opening at T10 by joining cardiac end of stomach Parts: Cervical, thoracic, abdominal |
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Course of the Esophagus |
Descends in midline deviating to the left at the inlet of the thorax and to the opening in diaphragrm. |
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Constrictions of the Oesophagus |
1. Beginning - at beginning in neck 2. Where crossed by L main bronchus and arch of aorta 3. Lower end as it passes through the diaphragm |
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Relations of Oesophagus |
Ant: Trachea, L bronchus, R pulmonary artery, pericardium, diaphragm Post: vertebral column, post intercostal arteries, azygos vein, thoracic duct, descending thoracic aorta Left: Left recurrent laryngeal n, thoracic duct, arch of aorta, descending thoracic aorta, mediastinal surface of L lung and pleura Right: Mediastinal surface of R lung and pleura, arch of azygos |
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Blood Supply of Oesophagus |
Cervical: inf thyroid artery and veins Thoracic: oesophageal branches of descending thoracic aorta and bronchial arteries and drained into azygos and hemiazygos veins Abdominal: inf phrenic br of abdominal aort and oesophageal br of the left gastric artery. Drain into the left gastric vein into portal vein |
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Lymphatics of Oesophagus |
Cervical Part: deep cervical lymph nodes Thoracic Part: Bronchial and preaortic LN Abdominal Part: paracardiac group of gastric LN |
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Nerve Supply of Oesophagus |
Cervical: Para: recurrent laryngeal nn Sympathetic - plexus around inf thyroid a Thoracic: Para: from R and L Vagus Sympathetic - upper 4 ganglia and splanchnic nn Abdominal: Para: ant and post gastric nn Sympathetic: Sympathetic chain and splanchnic nn |
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Lymphatic Drainage of Thoracic Wall |
Superficial: deep cervical LN, pectoral group (axillary) LN, scapular LN, internal thoracic LN.
Deep: Internal thoracic LN, intercostal LN, Diaphragmatic LN |
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Lymphatic Drainage of Thoracic Contents |
1. Ant Mediastinal (brachio-cephalic) LN 2. Post Mediastinal LN 3. Tracheo-bronchial LN - paratracheal LN, tracheo-bronchial LN, bronchopulmonary LN, pulmonary LN |
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Thoracic Duct |
Largest lymphatic vessel from upper part of abdomen to lower part of neck. Begin: as continuation of citerna chyli T12 Course: Enters thorax through aortic opening in diaphragm. Ascends infront of vertebral column between aorta and azygos vein. Crosses oesophagus from R to L at T5 and ascends on L border of esophagus. End: opening into angle between L subclavian v and L internal jugular vein |
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Tributaries of the Thoracic Duct |
1. Lymphatics from post intercostal LN 2. L Jugular lymph trunk 3. L subclavian lymph trunk 4. L bronchomediastinal lymph trunk |
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Right Lymphatic Duct |
Lies in the root of the neck Formed by union of: R jugular lymph trunk, R subclavian lymph trunk, lymph from upper surface of liver. Ends: junction between R subclavian and R internal jugular vein |
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Cisterna Chyli |
Lies in front of the upper 2 lumbar vertebrae between abdominal aorta and azygos vein Receives: intestinal lymph trunk, R and L lumbar lymph trunkshoT Ends: Continues as the thoracic duct |
