Tsl Vocabulary

Front 1

Abstract Noun

Back 1

*states, concepts, feelings, qualities--no physical existence
*treated non-countable

Front 2

Concrete Noun

Back 2

*nouns that exist physically
*countable/non-countable

Front 3

Accuracy

Back 3

*

Front 4

Active Voice

Back 4

*person or things performing action is subject of verb
eg. I wrote the letter.

Front 5

adjective

Back 5

*modifies nouns, comes before/after
*comes after Verbs: be,seem, become, look, etc
*used as complement to Noun

Front 6

adjective complement

Back 6

*the sentence is completed by ADJ
ex. They'll be happy.
They'll be happy to see us.

Front 7

ADJECTIVE
/RELATIVE CLAUSE

Back 7

*contains S + V
*doesnt express complete thought
*funct as ADJ answering:
what kind
how many
which one
*begins with: who, whom, whose, that, which, when, Where, why

Front 8

ADVERB OF FREQUENCY

Back 8

*modifies: V,ADJ,N, Noun phrase, determiner, numeral, pronoun, PREP phrase
* formed by adding LY

Front 9

ADVERBS OF TIME

Back 9

*show when action done, or duration, or frequency
*yesterday, permanently, never

Front 10

ADVERBIAL

Back 10

*group words functions like adverb
ex. Before the play

Front 11

AGENT

Back 11

*person who performs Verv.
*most used in passive voice without "BY"

Front 12

Agent/agency

Back 12

*

Front 13

Antecedent

Back 13

*

Front 14

APPOSITIVE

Back 14

*noun, noun phrase
*placed next to another, gives info, explanation, renames

Front 15

ASPECT

Back 15

*VERB showing action/state, complete or incomplete
^^She's doing a puzzle. (Inc)
^^She's cleaned up. (Comp)

Front 16

AUXILIARY VERBS
BASE FORM

Back 16

*same as infinitive form of verb without "TO"
ex. come, see

Front 17

CAUSATION

Back 17

*use this form when we dont carry out action but are cause of action
"She had her car "serviced" last week.
* have + get+noun phrase + past participle

Front 18

CLAUSE OF CONCESSION

Back 18

*

Front 19

COLLECTIVE NOUNS

Back 19

*nouns that define groups
ex: army, audience, board, cabinet, public, jury, team, etc.
*if used singular, Verb is S or P

Front 20

COLLOQUIAL

Back 20

*informal lang, not used in formal speech or writing
*nicer than slang or swearing

Back 21

*

Front 30

COMMA SPLICE

Back 30

A comma splice occurs when you use a comma to join two complete sentences without placing an appropriate joining word between them. The comma just isn't strong enough to do the job of making one grammatical sentence out of two.

Front 31

COMMON NOUNS

Back 31

nouns that aren't capitolized

Front 32

COMMUNICATIVE PURPOSE

Back 32

1

Front 33

COMPARATIVE
SUPERATIVE FORMS ADJ

Back 33

form of an adjective or adverb used to compare two things. short adjectives add -er to the end,
longer ones use more before the adjective: EG: The Nile is longer than the Amazon.

Front 34

COMPLEMENT

Back 34

a word or phrase needed to complete the meaning of the sentence.
ex. The man saw "the dog".

Front 35

COMPLEMENTS

Back 35

nouns, adjectives,adverbs, prepositional phrases, reflective pronouns, subject

Front 36

COMPOUND NOUNS

Back 36

2 or more nouns put together to form new words:
fire+man, butter+fly, black+board

Front 37

COMPOUND /
COMPLEX SENTENCES

Back 37

contains two independent clauses joined by a coordinator. The coordinators are as follows: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. (Helpful hint: The first letter of each of the coordinators spells FANBOYS.) Except for very short sentences, coordinators are always preceded by a comma.

Front 38

CONDITIONAL CLAUSES/
PHRASES

Back 38

IF clauses:
If it rains today, I will need my umbrella.

Front 39

CONJUGATION

Back 39

inflection of verbs
I walk, you walk, he/she/it walks, we walk, they walk

Front 40

COMPLEX SENTENCES

Back 40

is a sentence with at least one dependent clause (subordinating clause). The dependent clause is introduced by either a subordinate conjunction such as although or because , or because, or a relative pronoun such as who or which.

Front 41

CONNECTIVE/CONNECTORS

Back 41

Addition Sequence Consequence Contrast
in addition
and similarly
likewise as well as
besides further more
also moreover and then too not only ... but even besides this/that



first(ly) initially
second(ly) etc.to begin with then
next earlier/later
after this/that
following this/that
afterwards


as a result thus so therefore
consequently
it follows that
thereby
eventually
then in that case
admittedly

however on the other hand despite in spite of
though although but
on the contrary
otherwise yet instead of
rather whereas
nonetheless even though
compared with in contrast alternatively
Certainty Condition Definition Summary
obviously certainly
plainly of course
undoubtedly



if unless whether
provided that for
so that whether
depending on


is refers to
means that is
consists of
Transition words"
ex. first, second, next, lastly, finally, however, by the way, fortunately, in summary, etc.

Front 42

CONSCIOUSNESS RAISING

Back 42

?

Front 43

COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

Back 43

joins two similarly constructed and/or syntactically equal words or phrases or clauses within a sentence. The coordinating conjunctions are and, but, for, nor, or, so, yet.

Front 44

COPULA

Back 44

also spelled copular) verb is a verb that connects the subject to the complement. They are sometimes called linking verbs.

Front 45

DEMONSTRATIVES

Back 45

pronoun or adjective which points out which item is being referred to. ... In English there are only four demonstratives: this, that, these, and those.

Front 46

DEPENDENT CLAUSE

Back 46

A dependent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and verb but does not express a complete thought. A dependent clause cannot be a sentence. Often a dependent clause is marked by a dependent marker word.

Front 47

DERIVATIONAL SUFFIXES

Back 47

used to make (or derive) new words. In particular, they are used to change a word from one grammatical class to another.

Front 48

DESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR

Back 48

the structure of a language as it is actually used by speakers and writers.

Front 49

PRESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR

Back 49

refers to the structure of a language as certain people think it should be used

Front 50

DETERMINERS

Back 50

used in front of nouns to indicate whether you are referring to something specific or something of a particular type
a--an--the + this, that,these, those

Front 51

DIRECT OBJECTS

Back 51

A direct object is a noun or pronoun that receives the action of a verb in a sentence. It answers the questions what? or whom? about the verb

Front 52

INDIRECT OBJECTS

Back 52

An indirect object precedes the direct object and tells to whom or for whom the action of the verb is done and who is receiving the direct object. There must be a direct object to have an indirect object.

Front 53

DIRECT SPEECH

Back 53

used to give the exact words used by another speaker. The words are given between quotation marks (" ")

Front 54

INDIRECT SPEECH

Back 54

referred to as 'reported speech') refers to a sentence reporting what someone has said. It is almost always used in spoken English.

He said the test was difficult.
She said she watched TV every day.

Front 55

DISCRETE-ITEM TEST

Back 55

An item that tests only one thing (e.g. a verb form or the use of an ARTICLE) at a time.

Front 56

DUMMY SUBJECT

Back 56

When we use the words it and there to begin a sentence without a referent (a noun the pronoun is referring to), we’re using a dummy subject.
It is apparent that oil reserves will be exhausted by 2050.
“It” has no referent, and is therefore a dummy subject.

Front 57

COUNTABLE NOUNS

Back 57

nouns that can be singular or plural. They can be counted.

Front 58

NON-COUNTABLE NOUNS

Back 58

nouns that cant be counted.
jury

Front 59

DANGLING MODIFIER

Back 59

a phrase or clause which says something different from what is meant because words are left out. The meaning of the sentence, therefore, is left "dangling."

Front 60

DETERMINERS

Back 60

used in front of nouns to indicate whether you are referring to something specific or something of a particular type
a--an--the + this, that,these, those

Front 61

DIRECT OBJECTS

Back 61

A direct object is a noun or pronoun that receives the action of a verb in a sentence. It answers the questions what? or whom? about the verb

Front 62

INDIRECT OBJECTS

Back 62

An indirect object precedes the direct object and tells to whom or for whom the action of the verb is done and who is receiving the direct object. There must be a direct object to have an indirect object.

Front 63

DIRECT SPEECH

Back 63

used to give the exact words used by another speaker. The words are given between quotation marks (" ")

Front 64

INDIRECT SPEECH

Back 64

referred to as 'reported speech') refers to a sentence reporting what someone has said. It is almost always used in spoken English.

He said the test was difficult.
She said she watched TV every day.

Front 65

DISCRETE-ITEM TEST

Back 65

An item that tests only one thing (e.g. a verb form or the use of an ARTICLE) at a time.

Front 66

DUMMY SUBJECT

Back 66

When we use the words it and there to begin a sentence without a referent (a noun the pronoun is referring to), we’re using a dummy subject.
It is apparent that oil reserves will be exhausted by 2050.
“It” has no referent, and is therefore a dummy subject.

Front 67

COUNTABLE NOUNS

Back 67

nouns that can be singular or plural. They can be counted.

Front 68

NON-COUNTABLE NOUNS

Back 68

nouns that cant be counted.
jury

Front 69

DANGLING MODIFIER

Back 69

a phrase or clause which says something different from what is meant because words are left out. The meaning of the sentence, therefore, is left "dangling."