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27 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What are the symptoms of Portuguese Man of War poisoning?
lethal and haemolytic components, nerve conduction disturbances, flaccid paralysis, smooth muscle contraction
How do conotoxins (from cone shells) work?
Na+ channel blocker
What is scomboid poisoning?
histamine poisoning (bacteria) from improper preservation, no endo toxin
What is anisakis simplex?
nematode infection in fish
Ciguatera poisoning versus cleopetox fish poisoning
neurotoxin (comes from seaweed that fish eat, heat stable), vs polytoxin
What is the difference between a poison and a venom?
Poison - toxic substance in tissues which must be ingested.
Venom - organisms produce a toxin in a venom gland and require a bite or sting.
How do you treat hydroid injuries?
Topical steroids and diphenhydramine, but watch for anaphylaxis.
How do Portuguese Man of War injuries appear?
Nerve conduction disturbances, flaccid paralysis, smooth muscle contraction.
Describe sea wasp injuries
Massive envenomation, full-thickness skin necrosis, respiratory paralysis, and death may occur within minutes.
Describe box jellyfish injuries
Evac immediately to MTF
What is the Sea Wasp antivenom protocol?
ABCS, 30 s vinegar, 1 ampule antivenom.

If treatment is inadequate, may be given up to 3 ampules.

6 ampules max
Describe the treatment of Portuguese Man of War injuries.
No antivenom.

Removal tentacles, liberal rinsing, sea water, (?) Epipen
Describe the treatment of stinging seaweed / limu
shower, rinse in isopropyl alcohol, steroid cream, and if necessary, oral steroids and antihistamines.
Describe annelid first aid
Irrigate with sterile solution, clean area with soap and water, cool compresses, calamine lotion, steroid cream, diphenydramine, and oral steriods.

Epi prn.
How do conotoxins work?
Na+ channel blockers
Where do conotoxins come from?
Cone shell envenomations.
What are the signs and symptoms of cone shell envenomation?
sharp pain, numbness and local swelling; loss of coordination, ataxia, and muscle weakness; speech, vision, and hearing effects; flaccid paralysis; coma and cerebral edema; DIC and cardiac failure; and respiratory paralysis, arrest, and death.
Describe disseminated Lyme disease
Skin – multiple EM, lymphocytoma cutis

Heart – AV block

Skeletal muscle – myositis

Joints – arthiritis

Peripheral nerves – neuritis, radiculitis

CNS – meningisitis
Describe late symptoms of LD
Arthiritis, memory deficit, irritability
Causative agent epidemic typhus
R. prowazacki
What borrelia burgdorferi genospecies are associated with joint involvement, skin involvement, and neurological involvement?
Joint – burdorferi
Skin – afzellli
CNS – gariniii
What clinical presentation does Typhus follow?
High fever, myalgia, headache, followed by an eschar, then macular rash in trunk and axilla. (Opposite of RMSF)
What is the Jarish Herxheimer reaction?
Spectacular deterioration in symptoms 1 – 3 hours after starting therapy (h/a, tremor, fever, tachypnea, initial hypertension; followed by hypotension and show)
What are the clinical acute presentations of filariasis?
Fever
Adenolymphangitis
Epididiymitis / orchitis
What are the clinical chronic presentations of filiriasis?
Hydrocoele
Lymph edema / elephantiasis
Chyluria
What are the complications of HGA?
Septic or toxic shock syndromve
Coagulopathy
ARDS
Acute abdominal syndrome
Rhabdomolysis
Myocarditis
Acute renal failure
Hemorrhage
Brachial plexopathy
Demyelinating polyneuropathy
Cranial nerve palsies
Opportunistic infections
death
what are the compications of |HME?
Hypotension
Respiratory failure
Acute abdominal syndrome
Acute renal failure
Coagulopathy
Hemmorhage
Cardiac failure
Myopathy
Cranial nerve palsy
Meninogoencephalitis
Death