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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the symptoms of Portuguese Man of War poisoning?
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lethal and haemolytic components, nerve conduction disturbances, flaccid paralysis, smooth muscle contraction
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How do conotoxins (from cone shells) work?
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Na+ channel blocker
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What is scomboid poisoning?
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histamine poisoning (bacteria) from improper preservation, no endo toxin
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What is anisakis simplex?
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nematode infection in fish
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Ciguatera poisoning versus cleopetox fish poisoning
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neurotoxin (comes from seaweed that fish eat, heat stable), vs polytoxin
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What is the difference between a poison and a venom?
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Poison - toxic substance in tissues which must be ingested.
Venom - organisms produce a toxin in a venom gland and require a bite or sting. |
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How do you treat hydroid injuries?
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Topical steroids and diphenhydramine, but watch for anaphylaxis.
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How do Portuguese Man of War injuries appear?
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Nerve conduction disturbances, flaccid paralysis, smooth muscle contraction.
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Describe sea wasp injuries
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Massive envenomation, full-thickness skin necrosis, respiratory paralysis, and death may occur within minutes.
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Describe box jellyfish injuries
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Evac immediately to MTF
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What is the Sea Wasp antivenom protocol?
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ABCS, 30 s vinegar, 1 ampule antivenom.
If treatment is inadequate, may be given up to 3 ampules. 6 ampules max |
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Describe the treatment of Portuguese Man of War injuries.
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No antivenom.
Removal tentacles, liberal rinsing, sea water, (?) Epipen |
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Describe the treatment of stinging seaweed / limu
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shower, rinse in isopropyl alcohol, steroid cream, and if necessary, oral steroids and antihistamines.
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Describe annelid first aid
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Irrigate with sterile solution, clean area with soap and water, cool compresses, calamine lotion, steroid cream, diphenydramine, and oral steriods.
Epi prn. |
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How do conotoxins work?
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Na+ channel blockers
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Where do conotoxins come from?
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Cone shell envenomations.
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What are the signs and symptoms of cone shell envenomation?
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sharp pain, numbness and local swelling; loss of coordination, ataxia, and muscle weakness; speech, vision, and hearing effects; flaccid paralysis; coma and cerebral edema; DIC and cardiac failure; and respiratory paralysis, arrest, and death.
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Describe disseminated Lyme disease
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Skin – multiple EM, lymphocytoma cutis
Heart – AV block Skeletal muscle – myositis Joints – arthiritis Peripheral nerves – neuritis, radiculitis CNS – meningisitis |
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Describe late symptoms of LD
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Arthiritis, memory deficit, irritability
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Causative agent epidemic typhus
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R. prowazacki
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What borrelia burgdorferi genospecies are associated with joint involvement, skin involvement, and neurological involvement?
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Joint – burdorferi
Skin – afzellli CNS – gariniii |
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What clinical presentation does Typhus follow?
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High fever, myalgia, headache, followed by an eschar, then macular rash in trunk and axilla. (Opposite of RMSF)
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What is the Jarish Herxheimer reaction?
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Spectacular deterioration in symptoms 1 – 3 hours after starting therapy (h/a, tremor, fever, tachypnea, initial hypertension; followed by hypotension and show)
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What are the clinical acute presentations of filariasis?
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Fever
Adenolymphangitis Epididiymitis / orchitis |
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What are the clinical chronic presentations of filiriasis?
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Hydrocoele
Lymph edema / elephantiasis Chyluria |
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What are the complications of HGA?
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Septic or toxic shock syndromve
Coagulopathy ARDS Acute abdominal syndrome Rhabdomolysis Myocarditis Acute renal failure Hemorrhage Brachial plexopathy Demyelinating polyneuropathy Cranial nerve palsies Opportunistic infections death |
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what are the compications of |HME?
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Hypotension
Respiratory failure Acute abdominal syndrome Acute renal failure Coagulopathy Hemmorhage Cardiac failure Myopathy Cranial nerve palsy Meninogoencephalitis Death |