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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Give the eye disease effect of:
heat and sun |
catarct, pterygium, solar keratopathy, BCC
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Give the eye disease effect of:
insect vectors: |
onchocerciasis
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Give the eye disease effect of:
warm, humid climate |
fungal and bacterial keratitis
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Give the eye disease effect of:
malnutrition |
xerophthalmia
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poor hygiene
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trachoma, epidemic conjunctivitis
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Which are the easily preventable causes of blindness in the tropics?
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1. trachoma
2. xerophthalmia 3. onchocerciasis |
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Which are the easily treatable causes of blindness in the tropics?
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cataract
uncorrective refractive errors |
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Which are less easy to prevent?
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1. glaucoma
2. corneal scar 3. uveitis 4. injury 5. diabetic retinopathy |
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What are childhood causes of blindness?
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1. xerophthalmia
2. measles, congenital rubella (vaccine) 3. retinopathy of prematurity 4. congenital cataract |
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what is the leading cause of blindness in africa?
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cataracts because of UV light and metabolic disorders (but surgery is fast, cheap and safe)
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What is the treatment for trachoma? SAFE
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1. Surgery: trachiasis
2. Antibiotics: tetracycline, zithromax (single dose) 3. Facial cleanliness 4. Enviromental |
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What is onchocerciasis and what causes it?
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river blindness, caused by nematode worm onchoncerca vovulus...it is the world's second leading cause of infective blindness
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How is onchocerciasis transmitted?
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black fly that lives near rivers transmits the onchoncerca worm to people.
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what are features of onchocerciasis infection?
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1. snowflake corneal opacities
2. sclerosing keratitis 3. pupil irregularity 4. iris atrophy 5. skin nodules (these can be snipped and investigated with DNA probe or Mazotti test) |
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What is the treatment for the onchocerciasis infection?
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ivermectin-kills the microfilaria and sterilises the female worm, but doesn't restore blindess
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What causes xerophthalmia?
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vit A deficiency from fruits, veg
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What are sings of vitamin A def?
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1. dryness
2. creamy white debris on cornea 3. pigmented changes on the white of the eye with foamy deposit 4. thickening of conjunctiva |
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What are signs/symptoms of vit. A toxicity?
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headaches, vomiting, nausea
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How does HIV contribute to blindness?
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1. CMV retinits and HSV infections are facilitated (because of low CD4)
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How is CMV treated?
How is CMV diagnosed? |
gancyclovir
fully dilated fundus |
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How does CMV retinitis appear on fundoscopy?
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1. dense retinal whitening ranging from: fluffy to dry and granular
2. it spreads centrifugally (like brush-fire) 3. characteristic small white satellite lesions |
