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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How many people are infected with African trypanosomiasis?
Where have recent outbreaks been? |
1. 20,000 new cases/year
2. outbreaks in cameroon, ivory coast, sudan, uganda |
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What are the hosts of Trypanosomiasis Gambiense?
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man to tsetes fly to man
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What are the hosts of Tryanosomiasis Rhodesiense?
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man to tsetse to man etc. and tsetse to wild game to tsetse
wild animals=lion, hyena, hartebeest, bushback, cattle |
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What people/occupations are at the greatest risk fo Trypanosomiasis Gambiense?
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farmers
fisherman riverboaters tin miners bridge builders *waterway associated |
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What people/occupations are at the greatest risk for Trypanosomiasis rhodesiense?
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Woodlands associated:
forestry officers big game hunters military people cops missionaries honey gatherers |
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what is the incubation period for trypanosomiais?
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2-3 weeks up to 6 years
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what is the histopathology of trypanosomiasis infection? (4 features)
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1. vasculitis of small blood vessels
2. cellular infitration of surroundig tissue 3. edema 4. lesions most pronounced in the heart, brain and lymph nodes |
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What are the histiological features of trypanosomiasis infection in the brain? (4)
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1. perivascular cuffing
2. morular cell of moth 3. eosinophilic cells with eccentric nuclei 4. IgM producing cells |
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With which trypanosomiasis strain is chancre more common and who is most likely to have chancre when they are bitten?
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-chancre more common in europeans and by t. rhodesiense. it occurs 2-3 days and up to 2-3 weeks after the bite
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What are two features of the parasitaemia in trypanosomiasis?
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1. denser in Rhodesiense
2. recurs at IRREGULAR intervals (bc different surface antigens that escape immune system detection are formed) |
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What are 9 symptoms and signs associated with parasitaemia in trypanosomiasis?
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head:
1. headache 2. dizziness 3. silent grief expression organs/haematological: 4. splenomegaly 5. joint pain 6. anaemia general: 7. weight loss 8. general itching 9. malaise 10. irregular/remittent fever 11. edema |
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what are trypanosomiasis heart signs: (6)
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1. abnormalities of rhythm and HR
2. murmurs 3. hypotension 4. pericardial effusion 5. MI 6. peripheral edema |
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what are trypanosomiasis lung signs:
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pulmonary edema
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What are CNS symptoms of trypanosomiasis? (6)
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1. irritabilti
2. parasthesia 3. insomnia/somnolense/coma 4. severe headache 5. personality changes 6. psychotic manifestations |
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What are signs of trypanosomiasis? (4)
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1. hyperreflexia
2. Kerandel signs: 3. papilloedema 4. jacksonian fits |
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What is kerandel's sign (as relates to trypanosomiasis)?
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1. delayed hyperesthesia in response to slight trauma
2. severity of pain is more than stimulus |
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What are the late stages of trypanosomiasis?
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1. insomnia/somnolense/coma
2. heart failure 3. secondary infection from the edematous lungs |
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what are the causes of death in trypanosomiasis?
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1. secondary pneumonia
2. secondary bacterial infection 3. inanition |
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How is trypanosomiasis diagnosed?
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1. chancre aspiration
2. wet blood film 3. lymph gland film 4. CSF (if protein is raised, trys are present and cell count is more than 5, this is late disease) |
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What is trypanosomiasis treatment?
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1. T. gambiense: pentamidine (for 1 week)
2. T. gambinense or T. rhodesiense: Suramin 3. Late stage disease: Suramin + melarsoprol (has arsenic) 4. T. Gambiense: DFMO |
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What are adverse effect of suramin?
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1. fever (after 1st dose)
2. urticarial rash 3. renal damage *1 and 2 are from parasite destruction |
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What are the adverse effects of melarsoprol?
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1. arsenic encephalopathy (treat this with hydrocortisone/subcut adrenaline and prevent with corticorsteroids during treatment)
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Give 2 methods of tsetse fly vector control?
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1. ground spray (DDT, Dieldrin)
2. aerial spray (aerosols of endosulfan, ULV, DDT or Dieldrin) |
