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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When was Mary proclaimed Queen in London? |
19th July 1553 |
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When was Pole appointed legate to England |
1553 |
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When was the Wyatt rebellion? |
1554 |
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When was the execution of Lady Jane Grey? |
1554 |
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When did Mary and Philip marry? |
25th July 1554 |
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When was the Heresy Act and the Act of repeal passed? |
1555 |
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How many protestants were burnt? |
289 237 men 52 women |
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When was the burning of Cranmer? |
1556 |
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When was Poles legatine commission revoked? |
1557 |
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When did the war against France begin? |
1557 |
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When was the loss of Calais |
1558 |
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When was Mary's death? |
17th November 1558 |
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What reasons have been given for Mary's popularity on her accession to the throne? |
Traditionalists- The English respected legitimate succession, though they had been well-disposed to the religious reforms of Edwards reign. Haigh- The scale of Mary's popularity reflected the devotion to the Catholic faith held by most English people. 'Religion may now be recognized as on of the elements of Mary's appeal. |
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What was presumed when Mary came to the throne? |
The restoration of Catholicism. Altars were rebuilt and mass was said. |
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Where was there trouble in response to the Catholic restorations? |
Dorest, Kent, London, Essex and Norfolk |
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What were the problems Mary faced at the beginning of the reign? |
Religious divisions She had not been brought up to rule. Lacked political instinct. Most of her loyal supporters were not from the political front line so she had to rely on Edwards Councillors. |
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How many Councillors did Mary appoint, and what did historians believe this resulted in? |
50. Inefficient and faction-ridden government. He working council was much smaller, dominated by Winchester, Gardiner and Paget. |
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Mary was never at ease with her Councillors, why an what were the consequences? |
Paget opposed the restoration of Catholicism. Gardiner hadn't supported her mother during the break with Rome. She took the advice of two Councillors, Philip and Renard. |
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Why was Mary anxious to get married as quickly as possible? |
To produce a heir. She was 37. |
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Who were the candidates? |
Courtenay - Lacked political skill Philip - Mary's preference. |
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Why was a treaty drawn up over Mary's marriage and what did it state? |
Mary insisted on the marriage, but the English people were against the marriage. Philip would be King only in name. No foreigners would be given English offices. If Mary predeceased Philip he would have no claim on the English Crown. |
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What were the motives of the Wyatt rebellion? |
Religion of the ordinary people, many came from Maidstone in Kent which was a protestant stronghold. Xenophobia. Decline of the Cloth industry. Those who had lost office. |
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Why was the rebellion significant? |
Although protestants were in the minority, their religious opinions could not be ignored. Demonstrated suspicion against the Spanish marriage. Lady Jane Grey was executed. Liz was arrested. |
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What did Philip think of England? |
Weather was foul. The people hostile. He would spend as little time in England as possible. |
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Was the marriage successful? |
No. Mary failed to get pregnant & England was drawn into war with Spain. |
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When did the legislative attack on Protestantism begin? |
Her first parliament, Oct. 53. Repealed the Edwardian Laws reversing the order of service to that of Henry's reign. |
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What was the problem of the status of the CofE |
It was enshrined in law. Wasn't removed by removing Edwards laws. This created a dilemma for Mary, should she reply on Parliament to reverse the original laws she would acknowledge the legal supremacy of statute law over divine law. |
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Why was there a delay in resolving the status of the church? |
There was an argument over what should happen to the monastic lands in privet hands. It was made clear to Pope Julius and Pole there was no chance of them being returned, and when Pole came to England he must bring confirmation of their continued ownership in secular hands. Pole and Julius insisted that the English church should return to Rome, then dispensations may be awarded on individual cases. Charles persuaded Julius this was politically impossible and would result in parliament blocking the return to Rome. |
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What made religious matters worse for Mary? |
Pop Julius died in 55, replaced by anti-Spanish pope Paul. This was demonstrated in the war with France. She was effectively at war with Spain. |
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Name three famous clergy who were burnt. |
Cranmer, Hooper & Ridley. |
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Why was Poles legatine commission removed? |
Paul believed Pole was a heretic. |
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The relationship between Mary and parliament was what? |
One of cautious cooperation, though 80 Mps did oppose the reversal of the Edwardian legislation. |
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How did Pollard describe Mary's reign? How did Haigh respond to this? |
Pollard- Her reign was sterile Haigh- This view is cruel and inaccurate. |
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What financial reforms did Mary make? |
New book of rates. Re-minting of the smaller (value) coins. |
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What Naval reforms were made? |
6 new ships commissioned. Peace time allocation of £14,000. Basis of the organisation of the Armada. |
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Which historians agree with a 'mid-tudor crisis' |
Pollard & Bindoff Jones- the 11 years were marked by religious strife, inefficiency in government, economic and social distress and failures in foreign policy. |
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Which historians are against a 'mid-tudor crisis'? |
Dale Hoak- believed Nothumberland and by extension Edwards reign had positives. Tittler and Loades- Mary's reign contained much worthy of Credit. Duffy and Haigh demonstrate Mary was working with public opinion. |
