Trimseter 2 Study Guide

Front 1

what are the reasons to study history?

Back 1

history is interesting, history is never finished, you develop empathy, to be a better thinker, to learn from past mistakes

Front 2

what are the 5 founding american ideals?

Back 2

democracy, liberty, equality, opportunity, rights

Front 3

define democracy

Back 3

a system of government in which the power to rule comes from the consent of the governed

Front 4

define liberty

Back 4

freedom

Front 5

define equality

Back 5

the state of having the same privileges, rights,status ans opportunities as others

Front 6

define opportunity

Back 6

the chance of advancement or progress

Front 7

define rights

Back 7

a power or privilege granted by an agreement among people or by law

Front 8

who proposed the resolution for independence?

Back 8

Richard Henry Lee

Front 9

who was on the committee to draft the declaration of independence?

Back 9

Thomas Jefferson and Roger Sherman, Benjamin Franklin, Robert R.Livingston, and John Adams

Front 10

who wrote the declaration of independence?

Back 10

Thomas Jefferson

Front 11

what are the parts of the declaration of independence?

Back 11

statement of human rights, grievances against the king, statement of independence.

Front 12

when was the declaration of independence approved?

Back 12

July 4, 1776

Front 13

what are the branches of government?

Back 13

judicial, executive, legislative.

Front 14

explain what the preamble means.

Back 14

we the people of the united states, in order to form a more perfect union, established justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this constitution for the united states if america.

Front 15

how many articles does the constitution have?

Back 15

7.

Front 16

what are checks and balances?

Back 16

a system of where all three branches work together to help keep any one branch from becoming too powerful.

Front 17

describe the impeachment process.

Back 17

definition- to charge an official of committing a crime. the house brings the charges and senate votes. a 2/3 majority is needed to remove the official from office.

Front 18

define the legislative branch.

Back 18

congress-the law making branch-two bodies, one based on population (the house of Representatives) and the other with 2 senators for each (senate.)

Front 19

what are the jobs of the legislative branch?

Back 19

propose laws, declare war, override the presidents veto with a 2/3 vote, propose amendment with a 2/3 vote, approves treaties, approves presidential appointments.

Front 20

define the executive branch.

Back 20

president and his cabinet.

Front 21

what are the jobs of the executive branch?

Back 21

commander and chief of the military, propose laws, enforce laws, appoints supreme court judges, propose budget, grants pardons, makes treaties.

Front 22

define judicial branch.

Back 22

the supreme court- (and other federal courts)

Front 23

what are the jobs of the judicial branch?

Back 23

interpret the law, declare laws unconstitutional, declare presidents actions unconstitutional.

Front 24

what are concurrent powers?

Back 24

powers shared by both the state and federal government- examples: taxes, roads, borrow money, establish courts.

Front 25

what are delegated powers?

Back 25

powers granted to congress- examples: coin money, raise army, declare war, establish pot offices.

Front 26

what are reserved powers?

Back 26

powers reserved for the states- examples: fire, police, schools, issuing licenses, conducting elections.

Front 27

how many amendments are there?

Back 27

27.

Front 28

what are the 1st 10 called?

Back 28

bill of rights.

Front 29

what percentage is needed to propose an amendment?

Back 29

2/3

Front 30

what percentage id needed to ratify the constitution?

Back 30

3/4

Front 31

explain the impact of the following expansions to the us: Louisiana purchase, Texas, Florida and Oregon country.

Back 31

Less foreign invasions, the crops in the eats coast started to get less plentiful, and people started to think bad about the government

Front 32

what is the manifest destiny?

Back 32

the belief that god wanted the US to expand to the pacific ocean and spread democracy to country to all people.

Front 33

what was the Indian removal act?

Back 33

the plan ti clear the Indians east of the Mississippi to "Indian territory"

Front 34

what was the marshal court?

Back 34

the supreme court under the rule of chief justice john Marshall made a number of supreme court decisions that affirmed federal power.

Front 35

how did industrialization impact the westward movement?

Back 35

trains helped people go farther and faster than ever before. they also linked people together, better and faster trade was possible. mass production allowed goods to be produced at a rapid rate which made them cheaper. cotton gin allowed cotton to be cleaned at a rapid rate, thus increasing productivity.

Front 36

define the following terms: uncle toms cabin, john brown raid, Missouri compromise, battle of fort Sumter, dread Scott decision, fugitive slave law, compromise of 1850, Kansas-Nebraska act

Back 36

uncle toms cabin- a novel written in 1852 about slavery, the book well described how slaves were treated that it raised the fervor with which both pro-slavery and antislavery Americans supported their causes.
john brown raid- a raid led by john brown in 1856 in hopes of seizing the federal arsenal at harpers ferry, Virginia, in order to distribute the weapons to slaves in the area and spark a slave revolt; the attempt failed when federal troops captured the men leading to Browns execution for treason.
Missouri compromise- measures passed by congress in 1820 to admit Missouri into the union as a slave state and Maine as a free state white also setting a line at latitude 36*30(Missouri's southern border) north of which all Louisiana purchase territory would be free.
battle of fort Sumter-
dread Scott decision- ruling of supreme court in the case Scott V. Sandford that legalized slavery in the territories and declared the Missouri compromise unconstitutional.
fugitive slave law- allowed the seizure and return

Front 37

what are 3 characteristics of the north during 1850-1860?

Back 37

industrial, limited slavery, greater population.

Front 38

what are 3 characteristics of the south during 1850-1860?

Back 38

relied on agriculture, predominately rural, relied on slavery as an industry.

Front 39

how did the fugitive slave law increase tension between the north and south?

Back 39

runaway slaves were forced to be returned. southerners brought charges against northerners for harboring slaves. southerners would capture freemen and claim they were runaways.

Front 40

what is the sovereignty?

Back 40

the freeing that regional interests control politics.

Front 41

which state became a battle ground for the civil war?

Back 41

Kansas

Front 42

which state was the first to succeed from the union?

Back 42

south Carolina.

Front 43

what is sectionalism?

Back 43

the differences between the north and the south.

Front 44

define the following: emancipation, proclamation, Sherman march to the sea, Gettysburg address, total war, habeas corpus, copperheads, anaconda plan, 54th Massachusetts regiment

Back 44

emancipation-the act of freeing slaves from bondage
Sherman march to the sea- during the civil war, a devastating total war military campaign, led by union general William Tecumseh Sherman, that involved marching 60,000 union troops through Georgia from Atlanta to Savannah and destroyed everything along the way.
Gettysburg address-an inspirational speech given by president Abraham Lincoln on November 19, 1863, at the civil war battle site of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, in memory of the union soldiers who died there trying, in Abraham words, to protect the ideal of freedom upon which the unites states had been founded.
total war-a military policy in which one side in a conflict decides it is willing to make any sacrifice necessary to completely defeat the opposing side.
habeas corpus- the right of a person being detained to appear in court so that a judge may determine whether the person has been imprisoned lawfully.
copperheads- during the civil war, a nickname the republicans used to describe those northerns,

Front 45

what are the advantages of the north?

Back 45

more troops, more money, more industrial, more resorces

Front 46

what were the advantages of the south?

Back 46

fought a defensive war, on their own terrain

Front 47

what were the bloodiest battles?

Back 47

Gettysburg, Antietam, bull run

Front 48

what were the challenges in government for the north?

Back 48

hard time gaining support, troop shortage.

Front 49

what were the challenges in th south government?

Back 49

shortage of troops, shortage of money, lack of supplies

Front 50

what were the effects of the war on the soldiers (north and south)?

Back 50

harsh conditions, boredom, homesick, disease spread throughout camp

Front 51

what were conditions like in the south for the slaves?

Back 51

harsher conditions, plantations owners afraid slaves would runaway.

Front 52

what was life like for the African-Americans in the north?

Back 52

given manual jobs, discriminated against, earned less money

Front 53

what were some contributions of women in the war?

Back 53

ran business, worked as nurses, spies, disguised themselves as men and fought as soldiers

Front 54

where was the end of the civil war?

Back 54

Appomattox, Virginia.

Front 55

who were the commanders of each side?

Back 55

north-Ulysses S. Grant
south- Robert E. Lee

Front 56

when was the surrender?

Back 56

April 9, 1865

Front 57

how many steps did the confederacy have to take to rejoin with the union?

Back 57

5

Front 58

what are the southern state requirements?

Back 58

write a new state constitution, elect a new state government, repeal its secession act, canceled war debts, ratify the 13th amendment.

Front 59

what freedoms did the slaves get after the civil war?

Back 59

travel, marriage, education, own land.

Front 60

what was the purpose of the freedman bureau

Back 60

to provide medical care, food, clothing, education, legal assistance and acted as a court of law in some situation for former slaves and poor whites in the south.

Front 61

how many purposes did the black codes serve?

Back 61

3.

Front 62

what are the 3 purposes of the black codes?

Back 62

1. denied the right to vote and be part of a juries.
2. Required freedmen to sign yearly contracts with plantation owners
3. Limit upward mobility of African American
Limited to only farm work Children denied entry to schools

Front 63

Who were the Radical Republicans?

Back 63

Abolitionists before the war, now determined to reconstruct the nation for equality for all

Front 64

Who were the leaders of the Radical Republicans?

Back 64

Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner.

Front 65

what happened with a collision course with Johnson?

Back 65

-Extended the Freedman’s Bureau beyond it’s one year charter and gave the Bureau greater power
-Passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866- took aim at Black Codes

Front 66

What happened to invoke a “collision course?”

Back 66

Johnson vetoed both bill/Radicals overrode both

Front 67

What was the 14th Amendment?

Back 67

Gave all former slaves citizenship.

Front 68

What was the significance of the 1866 election?

Back 68

Radicals gained a 2/3 veto-proof in both house

Front 69

what were the reconstruction acts?

Back 69

-broke south into 5 districts controlled by federal troops
-election boards were set by loyal supporters
-wrote states new constitution
-required to ratify 14th amendment
-command of the army act- limited Johnson's powers as command in chief
-tenure to office act- barred the president from firing officers without senate consent.

Front 70

what event provoked the impeachment process?

Back 70

-Johnson fires the secretary of war Edwin Stanton (appointed by Lincoln and radical republican supporter).

Front 71

what did the senate charge Johnson with?

Back 71

he brought the office of "president into contempt, ridicule and disgrace, to the great scandal of all governments".

Front 72

what did Johnson's lawyer argue?

Back 72

all he did was defy congress.

Front 73

what was the final vote?

Back 73

36 to 25, just one vote short of the 2/3rds needed : (

Front 74

how many new voters groups were there in the south?

Back 74

3

Front 75

what were they?

Back 75

-freedmen- new voters
-Republican- poor southerners who opposed secession
-northern- know as scalawags

Front 76

why did the northerns flock to the south?

Back 76

make money off the south.

Front 77

what did the southerners call them?

Back 77

carpetbaggers

Front 78

who won the election of 1868?

Back 78

Ulysses S. Grant

Front 79

what was the significance of the election?

Back 79

-marred by violence
-grant won the popular vote with a half million new black voters.

Front 80

what was the 15th amendment?

Back 80

all men have the right to vote regardless to race, color or previous servitude.

Front 81

what percent of the new delegates of the south African american?

Back 81

about 1/4

Front 82

by what year had all the southern states been readmitted to the union?

Back 82

1870

Front 83

what was segregation?

Back 83

separation of races in public places.

Front 84

what happened to the money that was to be used to rebuild the south?

Back 84

fell into the hands of corrupt officials

Front 85

what were tenant farmers?

Back 85

land that was divided into small plots and rented to workers who would grow the crops

Front 86

what is sharecropping?

Back 86

paying your share of the rent with the crops you grow.

Front 87

what is debt peonage?

Back 87

debtors forced to work for the person they owed money to until they pay off their debt.

Front 88

what were some reason southern whites were angry?

Back 88

-former confederates were not allowed to run for office
-government was raising taxes to pay for schools and improvements
-corrupt officials

Front 89

list 3 different terror groups.

Back 89

-white brotherhood nights
-white Camellia
- Ku Klux Klan

Front 90

what were some of their tactics?

Back 90

burning schools, attacks on freedman's bureau agencies and murder in some cases.

Front 91

what were some ways northerns tried to end reconstruction?

Back 91

-sent troops to stop terror groups
-amnesty act- granted to former confederates and allowed them once again to hold office.

Front 92

what was the significance of the election of 1876?

Back 92

-grant did not run for reelection
-many states results disputed
-Hayes won the electoral college but not the popular vote
-compromise of 1877- Hayes appointed a southerner to his cabinet
-removed federal troops

Front 93

what ways did the African Americans lose ground under the new government?

Back 93

-poll taxes- required citizen to pay taxes in order to vote
-literal tests- test made difficult that almost none could pass
-whites were excused due to the "grandfather clause".

Front 94

what were the Jim crow laws?

Back 94

segregation in public places

Front 95

Plessey v. Ferguson- segregation was constitutional as long as the facilities provided were equal to those whites

Back 95

facilities were not equal, none really enforced the law

Front 96

many Africans

Back 96

they chose to move up to the north, while southerners banded together in th south to build schools and communities.