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102 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the reasons to study history?
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History is interesting, History is never finished, You develop empathy, To be a better thinker, To learn from past mistakes.
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What are the 5 founding American Ideals?
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Democracy, Liberty, Equality, Opportunity, Rights.
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Define Rights
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civil-rights: a rights worker
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Define Opportunity
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a good position, chance, or prospect, as for advancement or success
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Define Equality
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the state or quality of being equal
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Define Liberty
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freedom from external or foreign rule; independence
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Define Democracy
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government by the people; a form of government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised directly by them or by their elected agents under a free electoral system
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Who proposed the resolution for independence?
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Richard Henry Lee
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Who was on the committee to draft the Declaration of Independence?
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Thomas Jefferson, Roger Sherman, Benjamin Franklin, Robert R. Livingston, John Adams
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Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
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Thomas Jeffereson
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What are the parts to the Declaration of Independence?
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Statement of human rights, Grievances against the king, Statement of Independence
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When was the Declaration of Independence approved?
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July 4, 1776
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What are the branches of government?
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Executive, Judicial, Legislative.
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"Preamble" -Explain what it means
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We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.
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How many articles does the Constitution have?
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7
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What are checks and balances?
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A system of where all three branches work together to help keep anyone branch from becoming too powerful.
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Describe the impeachment process
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To charge an official of committing a crime the house brings the charges and the Senate votes. A 2/3 majority is needed to remove the official from office
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define the legislative branch
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Congress- the law making branch- two bodies, one based on population (The House of Representatives) and the other with 2 senators for each (Senate)
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What are the jobs of the legislative branch?
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Propose laws, Declare war, override the presidents veto with a 2/3 vote, propose amendments with a 2/3 vote, approves treaties, approves presidential appointments
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Define the executive branch
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President and his cabinet
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what are the jobs of the executive branch?
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Commander and Chief of the military, propose laws, enforces the laws, appoints supreme court judges, proposes budget , grants pardons, makes treaties
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Define the Judicial branch
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The supreme court- and other federal courts
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what are the jobs of the Judical branch
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interpret the law, declare laws unconstitutional, declare presidents actions unconstitutional
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What are concurrent powers?
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Powers shared by both the state and the federal government- examples: taxes, roads, borrow money, establish courts
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what are delegated powers
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Powers granted to congress- examples: coin money, raise army, declare war, establish post offices
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what are reserved powers?
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Powers reserved for the states- examples: fire, police, schools, issuing licenses, conducting elections
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how many amendments are there?
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27
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what are the 1st 10 called
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Bill of Rights
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What percentage is needed to propose an amendment?
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2/3
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what percentage is needed to ratify the Constitution
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3/4
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What percentage is needed to propose an amendment?
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???????????????????????????
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What is Manifest Destiny?
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The belief that God wanted the US to expand to the Pacific Ocean and spread democracy across the country to all people.
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What was the Indian Removal Act?
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plan to clear the Indians east of the Mississippi to “Indian Territory”
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What was the Marshall Court?
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The Supreme Court under the rule of Chief Justice John Marshall made a number of Supreme Court decisions that affirmed federal power
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How did industrialization impact the Westward Movement?
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Trains helped people go farther and faster than ever before. They also linked people together, better and faster trade was possible. Mass Production allowed goods to be produced at a rapid rate which made them cheaper. Cotton gin allowed cotton to be cleaned at a rapid rate, thus increasing productivity.
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Define the following terms: Uncle Tom’s Cabin, John Brown Raid, Missouri Compromise, Battle of Fort Sumter, Dread Scott Decision, Fugitive Slave Law, Compromise of 1850, Kansas-Nebraska Act
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??????????????
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What are 3 characteristics of the North during 1850-1860?
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Industrial, Limited slavery, Greater population
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What are 3 characteristics of the South during 1850-1860
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relied on agriculture, predominately rural, Relied on slavery as an industry
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How did the Fugitive Slave Laws increase tension between the north and south.
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runaway slaves were forced to be returned. Southerners bought charges against Northerners for harboring slaves. Southerners would capture freemen and claim the were runaways.
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What is popular sovereignty?
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The feeling that regional interests control politics
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Which state became a battle ground for the civil war?
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kansas
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Which state was the 1st to succeed from the union?
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South Carolina
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What is sectionalism
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the difference between the north and south.
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Emancipation Proclamation
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the proclamation issued by President Lincoln on January 1, 1863, freeing the slaves in those territories still in rebellion against the Union.
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Sherman's March to the sea
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A movement of the Union army troops of General William Tecumseh Sherman from Atlanta, Georgia, to the Georgia seacoast, with the object of destroying Confederate supplies. The march began after Sherman captured, evacuated, and burned Atlanta in the fall of 1864. His men, numbering about sixty thousand, destroyed railroads, factories, cotton gins, houses, livestock, and anything else that might be useful to the South in the war
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Gettysburg Address
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the notable short speech made by President Lincoln on November 19, 1863, at the dedication of the national cemetery at Gettysburg, Pa.
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total war
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a war in which every available weapon is used and the nation's full financial resources are devoted
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habeas corpus
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a writ requiring a person to be brought before a judge or court, especially for investigation of a restraint of the person's liberty, used as a protection against illegal imprisonment.
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Copperheads
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a Northern Democrat who opposed the civil war, advocating peace and restoration of the Union even if slavery continued.
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Anaconda plan
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A plan to squeeze the south
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54th Massachusetts regiment
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????????
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what are the advantages of the north
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more troops, more money, more industrial, more resources
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what were the advantages of the south
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fought a defensive war, on their own terrain
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what were the bloodiest battle?
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Gettysburg, Antietam, Bull run
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What were the Challenges in government the North?
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Hard time gaining support, troop shortage
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What were the challenges in the government in the south
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shortage of troops, shortage of money, lack of supplies
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What were the effects of war on the soldiers (north and south)
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harsh conditions, boredom, homesick, disease spread, throughout camp
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What were conditions like in the South for the slaves?
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Harsher conditions, plantation owners afraid slaves would run away
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What was life like for African Americans in the North?
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given manual jobs, discriminated against, earned less money
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What were some contributions of women in the war?
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ran business, worked as nurses, spies, disguised themselves as men and fought as soldiers.
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where was the end of the civil war
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Appomattox, Virginia
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who were the commanders of each side?
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North-Ulysses S. Grant
South- Robert E. Lee |
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When was the surrender
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April 9, 1865
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How many steps were the Southern States required to take in order to rejoin the Union?
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5
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What were they?
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Write a new state constitution
Elect a new state government Repeal its secession act Canceled its war debts Ratify the 13th Amendment |
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List new freedoms for slaves
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Travel
Marriage Education Own land |
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What was the purpose of the Freedmen’s Bureau?
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Assist former slaves and poor whites in the South
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Black Codes
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Across Southern States new laws passed to restrict freedom and opportunity for freed slaves. While they were allowed to own property, work for wages and marry; they were denied other civil rights
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How many purposes did the Black Codes they serve?
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3
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Give their 3 main purposes
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Denied the right to vote and serve on juries Required freedmen to sign yearly contracts with plantation owners Limit upward mobility of African American
Limited to only farm work Children denied entry to schools |
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Who were the Radical Republicans
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Abolitionists before the war, now determined to reconstruct the nation for equality for all
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Who were the leaders of the Radical Republicans
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Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner
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A collision course with Johnson
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Extended the Freedman’s Bureau beyond it’s one year charter and gave the Bureau greater power Passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866- took aim at Black Codes
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What happened to invoke a “collision course?”
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Johnson vetoed both bill/Radicals overrode both
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What was the 14th Amendment?
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Gave all former slaves citizenship
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What was the significance of the 1866 election?
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Radicals gained a 2/3 veto-proof in both house
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What were the Reconstruction Acts?
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Broke South into 5 districts controlled by Federal Troops
Election boards were set up by loyal supporters Wrote states new constitutions Required to ratify 14th Amendment Command of the Army Act- limited Johnson’s power as commander in chief Tenure of Office Act- barred the president from firing certain federal officers without Senate consent |
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What event provoked the impeachment process?
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Johnson fires Secretary of War, Edwin Stanton (appointed by Lincoln and Radical Republican supporter)
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What did the Senate charge Johnson with?
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He brought the office of “president into contempt, ridicule and disgrace, to the great scandal of all good citizens
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What did Johnson’s lawyers argue?
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All he did was defy Congress
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What was the final vote?
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36 to 25, just one vote short of the 2/3rds needed
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How many voting groups were there in the South?
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3
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What were they
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Freedmen- new to voting
Republicans- Poor Southerners who opposed Secession Northerners- known as scalawags |
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Why did Northerners flock to the South?
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Make money off of the South
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What did Southerners call them?
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Carpetbaggers
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Who won the election of 1868?
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Ulysses S. Grant
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What was the significance of the election?
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Marred by violence
Grant won the popular vote with a half a million new black voters |
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15th amendment
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All men have the right to vote regardless of race, color or previous servitude
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What percentage were African-Americans?
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1/4
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By what year had all Southern states been readmitted to the Union?
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1870
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What was Segregation?
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Separation of races in public places
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What happened to money that was to be used to rebuild the South?
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Fell into the hands of corrupt officials
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What were tenant farmers?
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Land that was divided into small plots and rented to workers who would grow the crops
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What is Sharecropping
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Paying your share of the rent with the crop that you grow
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What is debt peonage
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Debtors forced to work for the person they owed money to until they pay off their debt.
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What were some reasons Southern whites were angry?
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Former Confederates were not allowed to run for office
Government was raising taxes to pay for schools and improvements Corrupt officials |
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List 3 different terror groups
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White Brotherhood Nights
White Camelia Ku Klux Klan |
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What were some of their tactics?
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Burning schools, attacks on Freedman’s Bureau Agencies and murder in some cases
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What were some ways the Northerners tried to end Reconstruction?
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Sent troops to stop terror groups
Amnesty Act- granted to former Confederates and allowed them once again to hold office |
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What was the significance of the election of 1876?
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Grant did not run for reelection
Many states results were disputed Hayes won the electoral college but not the popular vote Compromise of 1877- Hayes appointed a Southerner to his cabinet Removed federal troops |
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What ways did African-Americans lose ground under the new government?
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Poll Taxes- required citizen to pay a tax in order to vote
Literacy Tests- tests were made difficult that almost no one could pass Whites were excused due to a “grandfather clause” |
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What were the Jim Crow Laws?
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Segregation in public places
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