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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the Phylum, Class, Order, and Family name for the genus Trichomonas
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Phylum: Parabasalae
Class: Trichomonada Order: Trichomonadida Family: Trichomonadidae |
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What are the species of the genus Trichomonas
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Trichomonas tenax
Trichomonas vaginalsi Trichomonas gallinae Trichomonas foetus |
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What are the characteristic morphology of the genus Trichomonas
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- prominant parabasal bodies
- jerky movements - hydrogenosomes - axostyle - costa |
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What is Trichomonas tenax
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A commensal that lives in the mouth. Common in human populations, not related to oral hygiene, and transmitted through kissing and sharing eating utensils.
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What is Trichomonas vaginalis
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A parasite of the urogenital tracts in males and females. Uses pseudopodia, its arrangement of hydrogenosomes are concentrated around the axostyle, and is transmitted by direct contact.
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What are the symptoms of T. vaginalis infection
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- Vaginal epithelium destruction
- Intense inflammation: leukocyte infiltration - Greenish and whitish vaginal discharge - Men: urethritis, prostatitis. |
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What are the proteins and receptors involved in ligand-receptor interaction with T. vaginalis
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Adhesion proteins:
- AP65, AP51, AP33, AP23, and laminin-binding proteins Receptors: - Laminin (glycoprotein) and fibronectin (glycoprotein) |
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What are the T. vaginalis immune evasion methods
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- Phenotypic variation
- Avoids Complement lysis - T. vaginalis RNA Virus |
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What is the Metronidazole mechanism of action
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Pyruvate from cytoplasm enters the hydrogenosome.
A carbon is removed from pyruvate (produces CO2), an electron from pyruvate is transferred to ferrodoxin (PFOR- pyruvate-ferrodoxin oxidoreductase). Produces acetate & ATP. Metronidazole accepts an electron from ferrodoxin ⇒ Reduces Metronidazole producing a toxic radical |
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What is Pentatrichomonas hominis
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Commensal of humans, occupies large Intestines and cecum (Survive stomach acid), feed on bacteria, and are transmitted by fecal-oral contamination.
No hydrogenosomes around axostyle, but present around costa, and have 5 anterior flagella. |
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What is Trichomonas foetus
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A parasite of cattle, zebu, and pigs causing Bovine Genital Trichomoniasis.
- Has 3 anterior flagella and 1 recurrent flagella - Paraxostylar hydrogenosomes in posterior end |
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What are the morphological characteristics of the Family Monocercomonadidae
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- Pseudopodia, no undulating membrane, reduced flagella
- Pleiomorphic: change shape in response to environmental factors. - Do not form cysts |
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What is Histomonas meleagridis
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Parasite of chicken and turkeys, causes the disease: Blackhead/ histomoniasis/ enterohepatitis.
- No mitochondria, vesicular nucleus. - Divide by binary fission and have no sexual stage. - Trophozopites do not survive outside the host. |
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What is the vector of Histomonas meleagridis and how the is parasite transmitted
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Nematode, Heterakis gallinarum: intermediate host
- H. melaegridis enter intestinal cells, invade ovary, released in environment in nematode eggs Earthworm: paratenic host - eat infected nematode eggs Turkeys feed on infected earthworms or eggs, or cloacal drinking. |
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What are the symptoms of Histomonas meleagridis
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Symptoms include droopiness, ruffled feathers, hanging wings and tails.
- Skin turns black, dark skin pigmentation (head). - Inflammation of cecum and liver leads to foul smelling plugs. - Peritonitis, intestinal perforations, necrosis, diarrhea. |