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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Periodic trends
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-A trend is a predictable change in a particular direction.
-Trends in the periodic table depend on the electron configurations of the element. |
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Trends help us to make predictions about the chemical behavior of the elements.
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Ionization energy
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The ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion.
Li + energy------------->Li + + e- ( neutral atom) (Ion ) |
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Electron shielding
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The shielding effect describes the decrease in attraction between an electron and the nucleus in any atom with more than one electron shell
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Ionization energy in a group
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(picture is i.e down a group)
Ionization energy tends to ↑ as you move from left to right across a period. The electrons get added to same shell. Electron shielding effect remains same. |
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Atomic radius
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-Bond radius is half the distance from center to center of two like atoms that are bonded together.
-The bond radius can change slightly depending on what atoms are involved. |
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Bond length
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Bond Length is the average distance between nuclei of two bonded atoms in a molecule.
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Trends of atomic radius
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Electronegativity
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-The ability of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons.
-The atom with ↑ E.N will pull the electrons more strongly. |
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-Electrons are added to the next shell.
-Electron shielding is high in smaller elements and electrons are attracted by the nucleus more strongly. |
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-Electrons are added to the same shell.
-Electron shielding does not change. -Effective nuclear charge increases, electrons are -attracted more strongly. -Electronegativity is ↑. |
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An atom loses electron to become ( + )ve ion. ( cation)
An atom gains electron to become ( – ) ve ion. ( anion) -As atomic radius ↑ ionic radius ↑. -Down a group Ionic radius ↑ -Across a period, ionic radius ↓. |
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It is the energy change that occurs when a neutral atom gains an electron.
Down a group E.A ↓. Across a period E.A ↑. |
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-Melting point – the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid.
-Boiling point - the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the atmospheric pressure. |
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MP & BP trends
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In a period, mp & bp ↑ at first and then ↓
Tungsten (W) is the element with ↑mp & bp. Mercury ( Hg) is the element with ↓ mp & bp. |
