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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is a cardinal sign of left heart failure?
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PULMONARY edema
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The left side of the heart drains the lungs.
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What is a cardinal sign of right heart failure?
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PERIPHERAL (ankle) edema
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What are the compensatory responses in CHF?
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1) increase heart rate and contractility (sympathetic activity)
2) fluid retention 3) myocardial hypertrophy |
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What drugs are used to manage CHF?
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- Vasodilators
- Diuretics - Inotropic agents (cardiac glycosides, beta agonists, phosphodiesterase inhibitors) |
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ACE inhibitors are a type of ________?
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Vasodilator
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How do vasodilators (ACE inhibitors and direct smooth muscle relaxants) work to manage CHF?
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1) dec vascular resistance
2) dec venous tone 3) dec BP 4) inc CO |
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ACE inhibitors are contraindicated in which type of patient?
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Pregnant patients
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What are some examples of direct smooth muscle relaxants?
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- NITRATES
- Hydralazine + Isosorbide dinitrate - Amlodipine + Felodipine |
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What symptoms of CHF do Diuretics help relieve?
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1) Pulmonary and Peripheral edema
2) orthopnea and dyspnea |
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How do Diuretics work to manage CHF?
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Decrease overall demand and load on heart, thereby decreasing blood pressure
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What are some examples of Inotropic drugs that are used to manage CHF?
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- Cardiac glycosides
- Beta Agonists - Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors |
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How do inotropic drugs work to manage CHF?
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1) inc intracellular Ca
2) inc cardiac contractility 3) inc CO |
Positive inotropic effects
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What are the cardiac glycosides used to manage CHF?
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Digitalis, Digoxin, Digitoxin
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Start with 'Dig'
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Which Digitalis Glycoside has the longest half-life?
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Digitoxin
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What are some side effects of Cardiac Glycosides (Digitalis)?
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- color vision problems
- blurred vision - HA - arrhythmias |
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Which conditions predispose a patient to Digitalis toxicity?
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- hypokalemia
- hypercalcemia - hypomagnesmia - hypothyroidism - hypoxia - renal failure - myocarditis |
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Which drugs predispose a patient to Digitalis toxicity?
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- Quinidine
- Verapamil - Corticosteroids - Potassium-depleting drugs (ie diuretics) |
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What is the most common inotropic drug used to manage CHF?
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Digitalis
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How do Beta agonists work to manage CHF?
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1) positive inotropic effects (inc contractility and CO)
2) vasodilation |
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What is an example of a Beta agonist used to manage CHF?
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Dobutamine
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What are some examples of Phosphodiesterase inhibitors used to manage CHF?
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Amrinone and Milrinone
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end in 'none'
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