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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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define a concussion.
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an alteration in cerebral function without associated pathologic changes in brain structure
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T or F: symptoms of a concussion will not resolve on their own and we must provide treatment for them.
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False; severe symptoms usually last 1-2 days and all symptoms usually resolve in 1-2 weeks
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what are the 3 major factors influencing recovery rate from a concussion?
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- severity (measured by length of amnesia)
- presence of post-concussion syndrome - number of prior concussions |
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what is a grade 1 concussion?
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when symptoms and abnormalities resolve in less than 15 minutes
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what is a grade 2 concussion?
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when symptoms and abnormalities resolve in greater than 15 minutes
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what is a grade 3 concussion?
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loss of consciousness
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what is the major concern with depressed cranial lesions?
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pieces of bone may break the BBB and expose CSF to the environment
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what vessel(s) is/are most likely to rupture and lead to an epidural hematoma?
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middle meningeal artery or dural venous sinus
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what will a epidural hematoma look like on CT?
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a convex or lens shape that does not cross sutures
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a 15 year old boy presents to the ER. his parents say he was hit in the temple area with a baseball during a game. the boy seems to be fine, but shortly after arriving starts to deteriorate. what is the most likely diagnosis?
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epidural hematoma
- there is a classic lucid interval where the person appears to be fine and these are most commonly caused by trauma to the temporal bone |
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which vessel(s) are most likely to rupture and cause a subdural hematoma?
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bridging cortical veins
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what will a subdural hematoma look like on CT?
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crescent shape and it may or may not cross sutures
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what it the most common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage?
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trauma
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what will a subarachnoid hemorrhage look like on CT?
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Texaco star shaped
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Diffuse Axonal Injury (DAI)
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- person will be unconscious possibly in a coma
- this is a step up from a concussion - diffuse and bilateral injury - MRI will show numerous small hemorrhagic foci |
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Cortical Contusion
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- step up from DAI
- caused by coup/contracoup injury - most likely to involve the temporal (50%) or frontal (33%) lobes |
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what is the major concern with a subfalcine herniation?
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ACA compression leading to ACA area infarct
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what is kernohan's notch?
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- when the contralateral cerebral peduncle is compress by transtentorial herniation causing hemiparesis on the side of the mass
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how does hyperventilation help increased ICP? what is the danger associated with it?
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- causes vasoconstriction of cerebral vasculature
- decreased perfusion pressure may lead to ischemia |
