Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
120 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Laceration of the cord, brain or great vessels would be considered ___ in the tri modal distribution of death.
|
1st
|
|
|
Intracranial hemorrhage, laceration of the liver or spleen with multiple injury and blood loss would be considered ___ in the tri modal distribution of death.
|
2nd
|
|
|
Infection or mutliple organ failure would be considered ___ in the tri modal distribution of death.
|
3rd
|
|
|
Trauma is the number one cause of death ages ___ to ___.
|
1 to 44
|
|
|
Level __ hospitals provide total care for all injuries, are staffed 24/7 and include a burn unit.
|
1
|
|
|
Level __ hospitals are equipped for most common traumas, staffed 24/7 and are usually in a community setting.
|
2
|
|
|
Level __ hospitals are not well equipped and usually in a rural setting.
|
3
|
|
|
If a MVA arrives, in which order would you perform the following exams: C-spine, chest and abdomen x-rays?
|
Chest, abdomen then c-spine
|
|
|
The exerted force of blood on a vessel wall is:
|
Pulse
|
|
|
What is typical male pulse?
|
70-72 bpm
|
|
|
What is the typical female pulse?
|
78-82 bpm
|
|
|
What is the typical pediatric pulse?
|
110-120 bpm
|
|
|
Adult pulse rate of ____ is considered tachycardia.
|
100 bpm or faster
|
|
|
Adult pulse rate of ____ is considered bradycardia.
|
60 bpm or slower
|
|
|
Normal adult respiration consists of ___ breaths per min.
|
15-16
|
|
|
Tachypnea is considered to be ___ inspirations or more per minute.
|
25
|
|
|
Bradypnea is considered to be ___ inspirations or less per minute.
|
12
|
|
|
Diffuculty breathing or labored breathing is:
|
dyspnea
|
|
|
Difficulty swallowing is:
|
dysphagia
|
|
|
Typical oral temperature is:
|
98.6 or 37 C
|
|
|
Typical rectal termperature is usually:
|
1/2 - 1 degree higher
|
|
|
Typical axillary temperature is usually:
|
1/2 - 1 degree lower
|
|
|
A high temperature may indicate:
|
Infection
|
|
|
A low temperature may indicate:
|
Loss of circulation
|
|
|
The top number on a bp reading stands for:
|
systole
|
|
|
The bottom number on a bp reading stands for:
|
diastole
|
|
|
The typical adult male systole is:
|
100-140 mmHg
|
|
|
The typical adult male diastole is:
|
60-90 mmHg
|
|
|
Hypertension occurs when pulse pressure is above:
|
50
|
|
|
Hypotension occurs when the pulse pressure is below:
|
40
|
|
|
This medication can be administered orally or rectally. It is a sedative that can be used for pediatric patients. It may cause decreased mental alertness and drowsiness.
|
Choral hydrate
|
|
|
This medication is injected for pain relief and may cause orthostatic hypotension.
|
Morphine
|
|
|
This medication is given orally for nausea and vomiting and may relieve allergy symptoms. It can cause dizziness.
|
Hydroxyzine
|
|
|
This medication is given orally for pain relief. It is a narcotic that may cause drowsiness and mood changes.
|
Hydrocodone
|
|
|
This medication can be injected or taken orally. It is a sedative that also helps control epilepsy. It is a barbituate that may impair ability to function.
|
Phenobarbital
|
|
|
This medication is taken orally to reduce pain and cough and may impair ability to function.
|
Codeine
|
|
|
This medication is an injected opiate analgesic used for pain relief that may cause hypotension.
|
Fentanyl
|
|
|
This pain killer is given orally and may impair ability to function.
|
Oxycodone
|
|
|
This anti-inflammatory is given orally for pain relief and may cause dizziness, vertigo and drowsiness but is nonsteroidal and less likely to cause nausea.
|
Naproxen
|
|
|
Radiographic indicators from direct or whiplash injuries include:
|
Interruption of continuous lines of column and cortical outlines
Vertebral bodies not uniform in height Reduction in spinal curves Cervical fracture may be present in up to 20% of patients |
|
|
Compression fractures most commonly occur in :
|
T11 - L1
|
|
|
Acute hyperextension can cause this type of fracture.
|
Hangman's fx
|
|
|
Another name for hangman's fx is:
|
Traumatic spondylosis
|
|
|
A fracture in the arch of C2 that usually includes anterior subluxation of C2 on C3 is named:
|
Hangman's fx
|
|
|
A stable spinal injury is defined as:
|
Fracture or dislocation to the anterior OR posterior column
|
|
|
An unstable spinal injury is defined as:
|
Fracture or dislocation to the anterior AND posterior column
|
|
|
List the evaluation factors of spinal injuries.
|
Size and shape and alignment
Orientation of facets Alignment of spinolaminal lines Prevertebral swelling |
|
|
Injuries to the cord above C5 usually results in:
|
Fatality
|
|
|
Injuries below C5 usually results in:
|
Permanent paralysis
|
|
|
List the protective devices of the spine.
|
CSF
Diploic component to calvarium (spongy bone) Dura mater |
|
|
Linear fractures account for __% of skull fractures.
|
80%
|
|
|
Cerebral cortex damage results with bleeding into subarachnoid space in this type of fracture.
|
Depressed
|
|
|
How are depressed fractures caused?
|
High velocity impact with small objects
|
|
|
This type of cranial fracture is best identified by air fluid levels in sphenoid sinus or cloudy mastoid.
|
Basilar
|
|
|
Basilar fractures occur on which part of the skull?
|
Occipital bone, base of the skull
|
|
|
What are the best imaging choices for basiliar fractures?
|
Cross table lateral xray, CT, or MRI
|
|
|
If a fracture is located across an artery it may cause:
|
Epidural bleed
|
|
|
If a fracture occurs through the mastoid or sinus it may cause:
|
Infection that can lead to encephalitis
|
|
|
Rapid acceleration and deceleration defines:
|
Closed head injury
|
|
|
Widespread paralysis of brain function due to a blow to the head that is usually spontaneous and has complete recovery defines:
|
Concussion
|
|
|
Brusing of the brain after a blow to the head defines:
|
Contusion
|
|
|
Which type of cerebral hemorrhage has the highest mortality rate?
|
Epidural hematoma (30%)
|
|
|
This type of cerebral hemorrhage occurs between the skull and dura with bleed associated with skull fracture. It results from torn artery (usually middle meningeal).
|
Epidural hematoma
|
|
|
This type of cerebral hemorrhage occurs between the dura and arachnoid and is related to blunt trauma which may tear subdural veins.
|
Subdural hematoma
|
|
|
This type of cerebral hemorrhage occurs between the arachnoid and pia mater and is sometimes associated with major cerebral vessel bleed.
|
Subarachnoid hematoma
|
|
|
This type of verebral hemorrhage is caused by trauma (coup and contracoup), ruptured hemagioma and stroke.
|
Intracerebral hematoma
|
|
|
Contusion and concussion are considered what type of injury?
|
Closed head injury
|
|
|
What starts the healing process after a fracture?
|
Infiltration of blood and lymph
|
|
|
Osteoblasts appear around injury site after:
|
2-3 days
|
|
|
This type of cerebral hemorrhage occurs between the arachnoid and pia mater and is sometimes associated with major cerebral vessel bleed.
|
Subarachnoid hematoma
|
|
|
This type of verebral hemorrhage is caused by trauma (coup and contracoup), ruptured hemagioma and stroke.
|
Intracerebral hematoma
|
|
|
Contusion and concussion are considered what type of injury?
|
Closed head injury
|
|
|
What starts the healing process after a fracture?
|
Infiltration of blood and lymph
|
|
|
Osteoblasts appear around injury site after:
|
2-3 days
|
|
|
What is a delayed union fx?
|
Takes longer than usual to unite
|
|
|
What is a malunion fracture?
|
A fracture that is not properly set
|
|
|
What is a non-union fracture?
|
Fragments do not join usually due to lack of vascularization
|
|
|
An open fracture may also be known as:
|
Compound
|
|
|
A closed fracture may also be known as:
|
Simple
|
|
|
What is an impacted fracture?
|
Jamming together
|
|
|
What is a comminuted fracture?
|
Fragments separate
|
|
|
What is a complete noncomminuted fracture?
|
The fracture line follows direction of force (spiral)
|
|
|
A spiral fracture is an example of:
|
Complete non-comminuted fx
|
|
|
With this type of fracture a ligament or tendon tears the bone.
|
Avulsion (gatekeepers)
|
|
|
Greenstick fractures are more common amongst:
|
Children under 10 years and patients with osteoporosis
|
|
|
A greenstick fx with a bulging cortex is a:
|
Torus or buckle fx
|
|
|
What does ORIF stand for?
|
Open reduction internal fixation
|
|
|
What type of fracture may take several days before it appears on x-ray?
|
Occult
|
|
|
A "burst" fracture of the atlas is called:
|
Jefferson's fx
|
|
|
Another name for a buckle fracture is:
|
Torus fx
|
|
|
What does SCFE stand for?
|
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
|
|
|
What type of fracture usually occurs as a result of an abnormal degree of repetitive trauma?
|
Stress fractures
|
|
|
What type of fracture occurs at sites of maximal strain on a bone and are usually in connection with unaccustomed activity?
|
Fatigue fractures
|
|
|
An avulsion fx of the ulnar styloid process occurs with most _________ fractures.
|
Colles'
|
|
|
What type of fracture is a reverse Colles' with internal displacement?
|
Smith's
|
|
|
What type of fracture occurs when the 5th metacarpal as a result of a blow to or whith the hand?
|
Boxer's
|
|
|
What type of fracture involves both malleoli with dislocation of the ankle joint?
|
Pott's
|
|
|
What type of fracture consists of a severe ankle sprain with a fracture of the proximal third of the fibula?
|
Maisonneuve
|
|
|
What type of fracture occurs from a direct blow to the front of the orbit that transfers the force to the orbital walls and floor?
|
Blowout fracture
|
|
|
A partial dislocation is a :
|
Subluxation
|
|
|
Bone death resulting from inadequate blood supply?
|
Avascular necrosis
|
|
|
____________ is a common form of vascular necrosis affecting the femoral head.
|
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
|
|
|
Free air trapped in the pleural space and compresses lung tissue is:
|
Pneumothorax
|
|
|
__________ is incomplete expansion of the lung as a result of partial or total collapse.
|
Atelectasis
|
|
|
What is Legg-Perthes disease?
|
Most common form of ischemic necrosis
Result of hypoxia Common in male children ages 5-10 |
|
|
The most frequently broken facial bone is the:
|
Nasal bones
|
|
|
What is the most common fracture of the cerebral column?
|
Compression
|
|
|
What is the best imaging modality for ligament damage?
|
MRI
|
|
|
What type of fracture would most likely cause subarachnoid bleeding?
|
Depressed
|
|
|
What type of pneumothorax does not allow air to be released?
|
Tension
|
|
|
The healing process starts immediately with infiltration of blood and lymph into a fracture site. When does a provisional callus start to form?
|
Within a week
|
|
|
Identify that procedure commonly used to restore height to compressed vertebra.
|
Kyphoplasty
|
|
|
Difficulty breathing is:
|
Dyspnea
|
|
|
Difficulty swallowing is:
|
Dysplagia
|
|
|
A fracture resulting from repetitive stress, usually difficult to visualize on x-ray can be better imaged with:
|
Nuclear medicine
|
|
|
Multiple images over periods of time may be required to diagnose some traumatic chest pathology but _________________ should require only one subsequent image is:
|
Pseudopneumothorax
|
|
|
What is the most common location of a compression fracture?
|
T11-L1
|
|
|
Small inhaled objects usually fall into the :
|
Right main stem bronchus
|
|
|
What radiographic finding would indicate possible ligament injury without bony involvement?
|
Reduction of spinal curves
|
|
|
An injury of the base of the 5th metatarsal where the ligaments pull away small attachments from their bony origin occurs with:
|
Jones fx
|
