Translation

Front 1

Translation

Back 1

process in which mRNA attaches to the ribosome and protein is assembled

Front 2

Transcription

Back 2

process in which mRNA is synthesized from the template dna

Front 3

Test Cross

Back 3

Breeding that can be used to determine an organisms genotype

Front 4

Selective Breeding

Back 4

directed breeding to produce plants and animals with desired traits

Front 5

Restrictive Enzyme

Back 5

bacterial protein that cuts Dna into fragments

Front 6

Recombinant DNA

Back 6

newly generated dna fragments containing exogenous DNA

Front 7

Polygenic Trait

Back 7

characteristics such as eye color or skin color that results from the interaction of mulitiple gene pairs

Front 8

phenotype

Back 8

observable characteristic that is expressed as a result of a allele pair

Front 9

pedigree

Back 9

diagrammed family history that is used to study inheritance patterns of a trait through several generations and can be used to predict disorders in future offspring

Front 10

operon

Back 10

section of dna containing genes for proteins required for a specific metabolic pathway

Front 11

okazaki fragmentation

Back 11

short segment of dna synthesized discontinuously in small segments in the 3 to 5 direction by dna polymerase

Front 12

nondisjunction

Back 12

cell division which the sister chromatids do not separate correctly, resulting in gamete s with a abnormal number of chromosomes

Front 13

mutation

Back 13

permanent change in cells DNA ranging from changes in a single base pair to deletions of large selections of chromosomes

Front 14

mutagen

Back 14

substance such as a chemical that causes mutations

Front 15

meiosis

Back 15

one diploid cell produces 4 haploid cell that are not genetically identical

Front 16

law of segregation

Back 16

mendelian law stating that two alleles for each trait separate during meiosis

Front 17

law of independent assortment

Back 17

mendelian law stating that a random distribution of alleles occurs during the formation of gametes

Front 18

karyotype

Back 18

micrograms in which the pairs of homologous chromosomes are arranged in decreasing size

Front 19

incomplete dominance

Back 19

complex inheritance pattern in which the heterozygous phenotype isintermediate between those of two homozygous parent organisms

Front 20

homozygous chromosome

Back 20

chromosome pairs that are the same length

Front 21

homozygous

Back 21

organism with two of the same alleles for a specific trait

Front 22

heterozgous

Back 22

a organism with two different alleles for a specific trait

Front 23

haploid

Back 23

cell with half the number of chromosomes as a diploid

Front 24

genotype

Back 24

an organisms allele pairs

Front 25

genome

Back 25

total dna in each cell nucleus of an organism

Front 26

genetics

Back 26

science of heredity

Front 27

genetic engineering

Back 27

technology used to manipulate an organisms dna by inserting the dna of another organism

Front 28

gene therapy

Back 28

technique to correct mutated disease causing genes

Front 29

dna polymerase

Back 29

enzyme that catalyzes synthesis of new dna molecules

Front 30

dna fingerprinting

Back 30

dna fragments that can observe distinct banding patterns

Front 31

diploid

Back 31

having 2 copies of each chromosomes

Front 32

crossing over

Back 32

exchange of chromosomal segments

Front 33

codominance

Back 33

complex inheritance patterns that occurs when neither alleles are dominant and both are expressed

Front 34

codon

Back 34

three based code in dna or rna

Front 35

carrier

Back 35

individual heterozygous for a recessive disorder

Front 36

autosome

Back 36

chromosome that is not a sex chromosome

Front 37

allele

Back 37

the form that a single allele gene may have that particular trait