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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is translation?
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The process of mRNA being read by a ribosome to make a protein.
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What are the different kinds of RNA?
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mRNA = messenger Ribonucleic Acid
rRNA = ribosomal RNA tRNA = transfer RNA |
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Where do you find ribosomes?
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Cytoplasm and the endoplasmic reticulum
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Why don't cells make proteins straight from DNA?
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The DNA would wear out if it ran through the ribosome.
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Why do we need proteins?
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They are enzymes that do most of the work in the cell and they are the building blocks of body and cell parts.
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What is a codon?
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Three nucleotides in a row on an mRNA molecule.
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What is an anti-codon?
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Three nucleotides in a row on a tRNA molecule.
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How many possible codons are there?
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64
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How many amino acids are there?
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20
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Why are there more codons than amino acids?
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Because more than one codon can code for a single amino acid.
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Where does translation happen?
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In eukaryotes: cytoplasm and endoplasmic reticulum
In prokaryotes: in the cytoplasm. |
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What happens at the A site in a ribosome?
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The anti-codon on a tRNA molecule matches up with a codon on the mRNA molecule.
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What happens at the P site in a ribosome?
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The tRNA moves to the P-site and releases its amino acid. The amino acid joins others to make a long chain called a peptide chain.
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What happens at the E site in a ribosome?
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The empty tRNA moves to the E-site and is ejected from the ribosome into the cytoplasm.
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How long will the translation process continue?
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Until the ribosome encounters a stop codon on the mRNA. Since there is no matching tRNA the process stops and the peptide chain is cut loose. It now folds into a protein.
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