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187 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Caregiver
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A role that has traditionally included those activities that assist the client physically and psychologically while preserving the client's dignity
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Case Manager
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A nurse who works with the multidisciplinary health care team to measure the effectiveness of the case management plan and monitor outcomes.
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Change Agent
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A person (or group) who initiates changes or who assists others in making modifications in themselves or in the system
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Clara Barton
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A schoolteacher who volunteered as a nurse during the Civil War. Most notably, she organized the American Red Cross, which linked with the International Red Cross when the U.S. Congress ratified the Geneva Convention in 1882
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Client
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A person who engages the advice or services of another person who is qualified to provide this service
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Client Advocate
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An individual who pleads the cause of clients' rights
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Communicator
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Nurses identify client problems and then communicate these verbally or in writing to other members of the health team
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Consumer
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An individual, a group of people, or a community that uses a service or commodity
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Counseling
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The process of helping a client to recognize and cope with stressful psychologic or social problems, to develop improved interpersonal relationships, and to promote personal growth
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Demography
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The study of population, including statistics about distribution by age and place of residence, mortality, and morbidity
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Diagnostic-Related Groups (DRGs)
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A medicare payments system to hospitals and physicians which establishes fees according to diagnosis
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Florence Nightingale
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Considered the founder of modern nursing, she was influential in developing nursing education, practice, and administration
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Governance
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The establishment and maintenance of social, political, and economic arrangements by which practitioners control their practice, self-discipline, working conditions, and professional affairs
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Harriet Tubman
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Known as "The Moses of Her People" for her work with the Underground Railroad. During the Civil War she nursed the sick and suffering of her own race.
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Knights of Saint Lazarus
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An order of knights that dedicated themselves to the care of people with leprosy, syphilis, and chronic skin conditions.
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Lavinia L. Dock
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A nursing leader and suffragist who was active in the protest movement for women's rights that resulted in the U.S. Constitution amendment allowing women to vote in 1920
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Leader
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A person who influences others to work together to accomplish a specific goal
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Lillian Wald
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Founded the Henry Street settlement and Visiting Nurse Service which provided nursing and social services and organized educational and cultural activities. She is considered the founder of public health nursing
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Manager
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One who is appointed to a position in an organization which gives the power to guide and direct the work of others
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Margaret Sanger
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Considered the founder of Planned Parenthood, was imprisoned for opening the first birth control information clinic in Baltimore in 1916.
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Mary Breckinridge
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A nurse who practiced midwivery in England, Australia, and New Zealand, founded the Frontier Nursing Service in Kentucky in 1925 to provide family-centered primary health care to rural populations
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Patient
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A person who is waiting for or undergoing medical treatment and care
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Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA)
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Legislation requiring that every competent adult be informed in writing upon admission to a health care institution about his or her rights to accept or refuse medical care and to use advance directives
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Profession
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An occupation that requires extensive education or a calling that requires special knowledge, skill, and preparation
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Professionalism
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A set of attributes, a way of life that implies responsibility and commitment
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Professionalization
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The process of becoming professional; acquiring characteristics considered to be professional
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Sairy Gamp
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A character in Dickens book Martin Chizzlewit, who represented the negative image of nurses in the early 1800s
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Socialization
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A process by which a person learns the ways of a group or society in order to become a functioning participant
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Sojourner Truth
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An abolitionist, Underground Railroad agent, preacher, and women's rights advocate, she was a nurse for over 4 years during the Civil War and worked as a nurse and counselor for the Freedman's Relief Association after the war
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Standard of Clinical Nursing Practice
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Descriptions of the responsibilities for which nurses are accountable
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Teacher
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A nurse who helps clients learn about their health and the health care procedures they need to perform to restore or maintain their health
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Telecommunications
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The transmission from one site to another, using equipment to transmit information in the forms of signs, signals, words, or pictures by cable, radio, or other systems
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Dependent Variable
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The behavior, characteristic, or outcome that the researcher wishes to explain or predict
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Confidentiality
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Any information a subject relates will not be made public or available to others without the subject's consent
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Continuing Education (CE)
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Formalized experiences designed to enlarge the knowledge or skills of practitioners
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Empirical Data
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Information collected from the observable world
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Ethnography
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Research that provides a framework to focus on the culture of a group of people
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Feasibility
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The availability of time as well as the material and human resources needed to investigate a research problem or question
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Full Disclosure
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A basic right, which means that deception either by withholding information about a client's participation in a study or by giving the client false or misleading information about what participating in the study will involve, must not occur
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Grounded Theory
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Research to understand social structures and social processes; this method focuses on generation of categories or hypotheses that explain patterns of behavior of people in the study
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Independent Variable
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The presumed cause or influence on the dependent variable
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In-Service Education
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Education that is designed to upgrade the knowledge or skills of employees
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Mean
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A measure of central tendency, computed by summing all scores and dividing by the number of subjects; commonly symbolized as X or M
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Measures of Central Tendency
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Measures that describe the center of a distribution of data, denoting where most of the subjects lie; include the mean, median, and mode
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Measures of Variability
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Measures that indicate the degree of dispersion or spread of the data; include range, variance, and standard deviation
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Median
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A measure of central tendency, representing the exact middle score or value in a distribution of scores; the median is the value above and below which 50% of the scores lie
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Mode
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The score or value that occurs most frequently in a distribution of scores
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Operational Definitions
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Definitions that specify the instruments or procedures by which concepts will be measured
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Phenomenology
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Research that investigates people's life experiences and who they interpret those experiences
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Population
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Includes all possible members of the group who meet the criteria for the study
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Range
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A measure of variability, consisting of the difference between the highest and lowest values in a distribution of scores
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Reliability
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The degree to which an instrument produces consistent results on repeated use
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Researchability
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The problem can be subjected to scientific investigation
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Risk of Self-Determination
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Subjects feel free from constraints, coercion, or any undue influence to participate in a study
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Risk of Harm
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Exposure to the possibility of injury going beyond everyday situations
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Sample
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Segment of the population from whom the data will actually be collected
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Standard Deviation
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The most frequently used measure of variability, indicating the average to which scores deviate from the mean; commonly symbolized as SD or S
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Significance
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The potential to contribute to nursing science by enhancing client care, testing or generating a theory, or resolving a day-to-day clinical problem
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Statistically Significant
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After data has been analyzed to determine whether the results were a probability less than 0.05, which is considered the acceptable level of significance
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Validity
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The degree to which an instrument measures what it is intended to measure
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Variance
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A variation or deviation from a critical pathway; goals not met or interventions not performed according to the time frame
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Case Management
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A method for delivering nursing care in which the nurse is responsible for a case load of clients across the health care continuum
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Coinsurance
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An insurance plan where the client pays a percentage of the payment and some other group (eg, employer, government) pays the additional percentage
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Critical Pathways
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Multidisciplinary guidelines for client care based on specific medical diagnoses designed to achieve predetermined outcomes
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Health Care System
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The totality of services offered by all health disciplines
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Health Maintenance Organization (HMO)
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A group health care agency that provides basic and supplemental health maintenance and treatment services to voluntary enrollees
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Independent Practice Association (IPA)
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Provide care in offices, clients pay a fixed prospective payment and IPA pays the provider. Earnings or losses are assumed by the IPA.
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Integrated Delivery Systems (IDS)
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Systems that incorporates acute care services, home health care, extended and skilled care facilities, and outpatient services
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Licensed Vocational (practical) Nurse (LVN/LPN)
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A nurse who practices under the supervision of a registered nurse providing basic direct technical care to clients
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Managed Care
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A method of organizing care delivery that emphasizes of care among all health care team members
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Medicaid
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A United States federal public assistance program paid out of general taxes and administered through the individual states to provide health care for those who require financial assistance
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Medicare
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A national and state health insurance program for United Stated residents over 65 years of age
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Patient-Focused Care
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Delivery model that brings all services and care providers to the client
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Preferred Provider Arrangements (PPA)
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Similar to PPOs but PPAs can contract with individual health care providers; the plan can be limited or unlimited
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Preferred Provider Organization (PPO)
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A group of physicians or a hospital that provides companies with health services at a discounted rate
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Supplemental Security Income (SSI)
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Special payments for people with disabilities, those who are blind, people who are not eligible for Social Security; these payments are not restricted to health care costs
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Team Nursing
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The delivery of individualized nursing care to clients by a team led by a professional nurse
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Action Stage
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Occurs when the person actively implements behavioral and cognitive strategies to interrupt previous behavior patterns and adopt new ones; this stage requires the greatest commitment of time and energy
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Contemplation Stage
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The person acknowledges having a problem, seriously considers changing a specific behavior, actively gathers information, and verbalizes plans to change the behavior in the near future
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Health Promotion
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Any activity undertaken for the purpose of achieving a higher level of health and well-being
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Health Protection
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Behavior motivated by a desire to actively avoid illness, detect it early, or maintain functioning within the constraints of illness
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Health Risk Assessment (HRA)
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An assessment and educational tool that indicates a client's risk for disease or injury during the next 10 years by comparing the client's risk with the mortality risk of the corresponding age, sex, and racial group
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Maintenance Stage
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The person integrated newly adopted behavior patterns into his or her lifestyle
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Precontemplation Stage
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A person typically denies having a problem, views other as having a problem and therefore wants to change the other person's behavior
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Preparation Stage
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Occurs when the person undertakes cognitive and behavioral activities that prepare the person for change
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Primary Prevention
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Activities directed toward the protection from or avoidance of potential health risks
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Secondary Prevention
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Activities designed for early diagnosis and treatment of disease or illness
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Termination Stage
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The ultimate goal where the individual has complete confidence that the problem is no longer a temptation or threat
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Tertiary Prevention
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Activities designed to restore disabled individuals to their optimal level of functioning
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Wellness Diagnosis
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(NANDA) describes human responses to levels of wellness in an individual, family, or community that have a readiness for enhancement
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Adventitious breath sounds
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Abnormal or acquired breath sounds
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Alopecia
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The loss of scalp hair (baldness or body hair
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Angle of Louis
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The junction between the body of the sternum and the manubrium; the starting point for locating the ribs anteriorly
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Antihelix
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The anterior curve of the auricle's upper aspect
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Aphasia
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Any defects in or loss of the power to express oneself by speech, writing, or signs, or to comprehend spoken or written language due to disease or injury of the cerebral cortex
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Astigmatism
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An uneven curvature of the cornea that prevents horizontal and vertical rays for focusing on the retina
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Auricle
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Flap of the ear
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Auscultation
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The process of listening to sounds produced within the body
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Blanch Test
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A test during which the client's fingernail is temporarily pinched to assess capillary refill and peripheral circulation
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Bruit
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A blowing or swishing sound created by turbulence of blood flow
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Caries
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Tooth cavities
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Cataracts
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Opacity of the lens or capsule of the eye
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Cerumen
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The wax-like substance secreted by glands in the external ear canal
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Clubbing
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Elevation of the proximal aspect of the nail and softening of the nail bed
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Cochlea
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A seashell-shaped structure found in the inner ear; essential for sound transmission and hearing
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Conduction Hearing Loss
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The result of interrupted transmission of sound waves through the outer and middle ear structures
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Conjunctivitis
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Inflammation of the bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva
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Crepitations
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(1) A dry crackling sound like that os crimpled cellophane, produced by air in the subcutaneous tissue or by air moving through fluid in the alveoli of the lungs; (2) A crackling, grating sound produced by bone rubbing against bone
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Cyanosis
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Bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by reduced oxygen in the blood
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Dacryocystitis
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Inflammation of the lacrimal sac
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Diastole
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The period during which the ventricles relax
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Dullness
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A thudlike sound produced during percussion by dense tissue of body organs such as the liver, spleen, or heart
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Duration
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The length of time that a sound is heard
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Edema
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The presence of excess interstitial fluid in the body
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Erythema
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A redness associated with a variety of skin rashes
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Eustachian Tube
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The part of the middle ear that connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx; stabilizes air pressure between the external atmosphere and the middle ear
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Exophthalmus
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A protrusion of the eyeballs with elevation of the upper eyelids, resulting is a startled or staring expression
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External Auditory Meatus
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The entrance to the ear canal
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Extinction
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The failure to perceive touch on one side of the body when two symmetric areas of the body are touched simutaneously
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Fasciculation
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An abnormal contraction or shortening of a bundle of muscle fibers
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Flatness
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An extremely dull souns produced, during percussion, by very dense tissue, such as muscle or bone
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Gingivitis
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Res, Swollen gingia (gums)
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Glaucoma
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A disturbance in the circulation of aqueous fluid; causes an increase in inrtaocular pressure
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Glossitis
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Inflammation of the tongue
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Goniometer
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A device used to measure the angle of a joint in degrees
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Helix
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The posterior curve of the auricle's upper aspect
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Hernia
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A protrusion (such as of the intestine through the inguinal wall or canal)
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Hordeolum (sty)
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A redness, swelling, and tenderness of the hair follicle and glands that empty at the edge of the eyelids
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Hyperopia
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Abnormal refraction in which light rays focus behind the retina, farsightedness
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Hyperresonance
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An abnormal booming sound produced during percussion of the lungs
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Incus
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The anvil bone of the middle ear
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Inspection
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The visual examination i.e. assessing by using the sense of sight
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Intensity
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The loudness of softnedd of a sound, amplitude
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Intention tremor
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Involuntary trembling when an individual attempts a voluntary movement
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Jaundice
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A ywlloeish color of the sclera, mucous membranes, and/or skin
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Lift
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An abnormal anterior movement of the chest related to enlargement of the right ventricle
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Lobule
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Earlobe
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Malleus
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Hammer bone of the middle ear
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Manubrim
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The handlelike superior part of the sternum that joins with the clavicles
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Mastoid
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A bony prominence behind the ear
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Miosis
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Constricted pupils
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Mixed Hearing Loss
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A combination of conduction and sensorineural loss
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Mydriasis
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Enlarged pupils
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Myopia
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Abnormal refraction in which light rays focus in front of the retina
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Normocephalic
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Normal head size
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One-point Discrimination
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The ability to sense whether one or two areas of the skin are being stimulated by pressure
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Ossicles
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The three middle ear bones of sound transmission
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Otoscope
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An instrument used to examine the ears
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Pallor
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The absence of underlying red tones in the skin and may be most readily seen in the buccal mucosa
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Palpation
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The examination of the body using the sense of touch
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Parotitis
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Inflammation of the parotid salivary gland
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Percussion
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The forceful striking of the chest with cupped hands to loosen secretions in the lungs
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Perfusion
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Passage of blood constituents through the vessels of the circulatory system
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Periodontal Disease
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Disorder of the supporting structures of the teeth
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Pitch
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The frequency or number of the vibrations heard during auscultation
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Plaque
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AN INVISIBLE SOFT FILM CONSISTING OF BACTERIA, MOLECULES OF SALIVA, AND REMNANTS OF EPITHELIAL CELLS AND LEUKOCYTES THAT ADHERES TO THE ENAMEL SURFACE OF TEETH
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Pleximeter
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In percussion, the middle finger of the dominant hand placed firmly on the client's skin
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Plexor
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In percussion, the middle finger of the non-dominant hand or a percussion hammer used to strike the pleximeter
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Point of Maximal Impulse
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(PMI) The point where the apex of the heart touches the anterior chest wall
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Precordium
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An area of the chest overlying the heart
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Presbyopia
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Loss of elasticity of the lens and thus loss of ability to see close objects as a result of the aging process
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Proprioceptors
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Sensory receptors that are sensitive to movement and the position of the body
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Pyorrhea
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Purulent periodontal disease
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Quality
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A subjective description of a sound (e.g., whistling, gurgling)
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Reflex
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An automatic response of the body to a stimulus
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Resonance
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A low-pitched, hollow sound produced over normal lung tissue when the chest is percussed
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Resting Tremor
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A tremor that is apparent when the client is at rest and diminishes with activity
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S1
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The first heart sound which occurs when the atrioventricular valves (mitral and tricuspid) close
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S2
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The second heart sound which occurs when the semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonic) close
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Semicircular Canals
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In the inner ear; contain the organs of equilibrium
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Sensorineural Hearing Loss
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The result of damage to the inner ear, the auditory nerve, or the hearing center in the brain
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Sordes
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Accumulation of foul matter (food, microorganisms and epithelial elements) on the teeth and gums
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Stapes
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Stirrups bone of the middle ear
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Stereognosis
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The ability to recognize objects by touching and manipulating them
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Sternum
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The breastbone
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Systole
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The period during which the ventricles contract
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Tartar
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A visible, hard deposit of plaque and dead bacteria that forms at the gum lines
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Thrill
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A vibrating sensation over a blood vessel which indicated turbulent blood flow
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Tragus
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The cartilaginous protrusion at the entrance to the ear canal
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Tremor
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An involuntary trembling of a limb or body part
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Triangular Fossa
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A depression of the antihelix
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Tympanic Membrane
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The eardrum
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Tympany
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A musical or drumlike sound produced during percussion over an air filled stomach and abdomen
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Vestibule
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Contains the organs of equilibrium; found in the inner ear
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Visual Acuity
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The degree of detail the eye can discern in an image
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Visual fields
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The area an individual can see when looking straight ahead
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Vitiligo
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Patches of hypopigmented skin, caused by the destruction of melanocytes in the area
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