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108 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Veracity
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Principle that incorporates always telling the complete truth or not intentionally deceiving or misleading patients.
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The Reformation
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This period was know as The Dark Ages of Nursing. Women were confined to the home with the duties of bearing children and caring for the home. Hospital care was relegated to drunks, prostitutes and prisoners. Negative image of nursing kept many from entering the profession.
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Florence Nightingale
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She defined nursing as an art and science, differentiating it from medicine. Created nursing education programs and published books about nursing and healthcare. The founder of modern nursing.
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Situational
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Considers the leader's style, the work group's maturity, and the situation at hand to form a comprehensive approach to management style. Basis of leadership is response of leaders to the situation.
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Abandonment
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Results when the caregiver-patient relationship is terminated without making reasonable arrangements with an appropriate person so that care by others can be continued
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International Council of Nurses (ICN)
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National nursing organizations comprise the membership of this organization. It was the first international organization of professional women. Works with issues including social and economic welfare of nurses, role of nurse in healthcare, and the roles of national nursing organizations throughout the world and their relationships to their governing bodies.
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Peplau's Interpersonal Relations Model
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Theory that states that nursing is a therapeutic, interpersonal, and goal-oriented process.
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Nursing and Nursing Education in the United States (Winslow-Goldmark Report, 1923)
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This study focused on the educational preparation of students, including public health nurses, teachers, and supervisors. It pointed out fundamental faults in hospital training schools and resulted in the establishment of the Yale University School of Nursing.
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Privacy
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The right to be left alone or free from intrusion
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Sisters of Charity
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Found in Paris in 1633, this group was a religious nursing order that developed an educational program for young women. Services were expanded to include care for abandoned children.
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Clara Barton
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She volunteered to care for soldiers during the Civil War and was the supervisor of nurses for the Army of James. She organized hospitals and nurses and established the American Red Cross.
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Transformational
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Leadership style which can create revolutionary change by inspiring and motivating others.
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Breach of Duty
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Failure to fulfill a duty, either by commission of an inappropriate action, or omission of a necessary or appropriate action. Failure to act as a reasonably prudent person.
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American Nurses Association (ANA)
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This is the professional organization for all RNs in the US. It's membership is comprised of state nurse's associations to which individual nurses belong. It establishes standards of practice, encourages research to advance nursing, and represents nursing for legislative actions. Active in issues of licensure, collective bargaining, and education.
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Henderson's Definition of Nursing
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Nursing's role is to assist the individual, sick or well, to carry out those activities he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will, or knowledge. The patient is an individual who needs help to reach independence.
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Nursing for the Future (Brown Report, 1948)
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This study was done to determine society's need for nursing. Described inadequacies in nursing schools. Resulted in recommendations that nursing education be placed in universities and colleges and encouraged recruitment of men and minorities into nursing schools.
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Confidentiality
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The nondisclosure of information except to another authorized person.
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Cadet Nurse Corps
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This group was formed during WWII to meet nursing needs. The federal government provided funds for tuition, uniforms, and expenses in exchange for military service following graduation.
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Dorothea Dix
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She was the superintendent of female nurses during the Civil War. She was responsible for recruiting and equipping a corps of army nurses. She was a pioneer in the reform of treatment for the mentally ill.
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Transactional
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Examines leadership in terms of striking a bargain in which there is a mutual exchange between leaders and followers of benefits for work. Leader diagnoses problems and facilitates worker's motivation and performance.
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1. All parties must have capacity to enter the contract. 2. An offer must be made. 3. Consideration must be exchanged. 4. The parties must be in mutual agreement. 5. The contract's object and purpose must be legal. 6. The form of the contract must meet the legal requirements.
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What are the Elements of a valid contact?
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American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN)
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This organization was formed to assist colleges to improve higher education for professional nursing. It is the national voice for baccalaureate and higher degree programs. Memberships is limited to the deans of schools that offer BSN programs. Advocate for nursing education.
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Leininger's Cultural Care Diversity and Universality Theory
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Caring is the central theme of nursing care, nursing knowledge, and nursing practice. Provides foundation of transcultural nursing care.
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Program for the Nursing Profession (Ginzberg Report, 1948)
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This report reviewed problems centering around the shortage of nurses. Recommended that nursing teams consisting of variously educated nurses be developed.
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Fidelity
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Obligation to be faithful to the agreements, commitments, and responsibilities that one has made to oneself and others, both implicitly and explicitly.
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Crimean War
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During this war, the British Army provided extremely poor care for the sick and injured. Nightingale's efforts reduced mortality and brought attention to nursing as a profession.
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Harriet Tubman
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She was a nurse and abolitionist who was active in the underground railroad before joining the Union army during the Civil War.
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Democratic
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Participative leadership style where decisions and activities are shared. Decision making input is encouraged.
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Respondent Superior
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"Let the master respond." The employer can be held responsible for torts committed by an employee.
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National Council of State Board of Nursing (NCSBN)
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This organization is composed of one delegate from each state nursing agency. It provides a forum for the legal regulatory bodies of all states to act together in the regulation of nursing for the protection of the public. Goal to promote uniform standards.
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Orem's Self-Care Theory
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Self-care is a human need and self-care deficits require nursing actions.
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Community College Education for Nursing (Mildreg Montag, 1959)
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This report reviewed the findings of a five year study of eight, 2 year nursing programs. It led to the development of more associate degree programs.
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Respect for Autonomy
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Involves the right to self-determination or choice, independence, and freedom.
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American Civil War
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During this war most of the nursing care was provided by volunteers as there was no nurse corps or organized medical corps. This highlighted the need for trained nurses and was a significant factor in the development of nursing in the US.
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Sojourner Truth
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A former slave who provided care for soldiers during the Civil War and worked for the women's rights movement.
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Autocratic
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Directive leadership involves the leader taking complete control over the decisions and actions of the group.
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Living Will
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Contains information on preferences regarding end-of-life issues.
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National League for Nursing (NLN)
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The goals of this organization include: education development and improvement, faculty development, education research, data collection, and assessment and evaluation. Membership is open to all individuals and agencies, including non-nursing healthcare members. Conducts yearly surveys.
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Roger's Science of Unitary Human Beings
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Emphasis on the science and art of nursing, with the unitary human being central to the discipline of nursing.
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Position Paper on Educational Preparation for Nurse Practitioners and Assistants to Nurses (ANA, 1965)
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The four major positions of this report are: Educations should take place in institutions of higher education, minimum preparation for profession nursing should be BSN, minimum preparation for technical nursing should be ASN, and training for unlicensed assistive personnel should be short, intensive programs not on the job training.
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Beneficence
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Principle that states that ones actions should promote good.
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WWI
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This war highlighted the need for uniformity in the methods of nursing education.
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Isabel Hampton Robb
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She was a leader in nursing education and organized the School of Nursing at Johns Hopkins. She limited hours and wrote textbooks. She was the first president of the ANA.
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Laissez-Faire
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Nondirective leadership where the leader relinquishes power to the group, encouraging independent activity by group members. Least amount of structure.
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Health Care Proxy
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A durable power of attorney for health care which establishes a substitutionary decision maker should the person be incapacitated.
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Sigma Theta Tau International (STTI)
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International organization to recognize those with superior ability, leadership potential, and have made significant contributions to nursing. Candidates may be asked to join during or after senior year of BSN program. Local chapters support individual research projects and hold research conferences.
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Roy's Adaptation Model
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Humans are biophysical beings existing within an environment. Needs are created within interrelated adaptive modes: physiological self-concept, role function, and interdependence. Nursing involves manipulating stimuli to promote adaptive responses.
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An Abstract for Action (Lysaught Report, 1970)
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This report looked at current practices and patterns of nursing. It suggested joint practice committees, master planning for nursing education, funding for education and research.
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Nonmaleficence
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Principle that states one should Do No Harm.
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WWII
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For the first time during this war, large numbers of women worked outside the home, becoming more independent and assertive. Nursing shortage developed as public health nurses moved into industry.
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Mary Breckenridge
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She established the Frontier Nursing Service and one of the first Nurse Midwifery Schools in the US
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Quantum
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Leadership that moves beyond the traditional modes. It was spawned by the impact of the information age on work and the worker.
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DNR
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Physician orders for life-sustaining treatments which state that no resuscitative efforts of any kind are made.
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American Academy of Nursing (AAN)
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This organization recognizes nurses who have made significant contributions to the practice of nursing. New members are elected by current members.
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Watson's Human Caring Theory
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Nursing is concerned with promoting and restoring health, preventing illness, and caring for the sick. The central unifying focus for nursing is caring, a transpersonal value.
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National Commission on Nursing Implementation Project (1985)
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This report supported differentiation of nursing practice (structuring of nursing roles based on education, experience and competence)
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Justice
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Obligation to treat like cases similarly. Sometimes referred to as fairness.
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Korean and Vietnam
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During these conflicts, treatment centers were established close to the front lines (MASH units). Triage care evolved and flight nursing. Recruitment of nurses was a priority.
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Mildred Montag
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Associate Degree nursing education is based on a research project that she carried out to address the shortage of nurses.
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1. Unfreezing - the need for change is recognized, 2. Moving - change is initiated after careful planning, 3. Refreezing - change becomes operational
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What are the three stages in Lewin's Theory of Change?
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American with Disabilities Act (ADA)
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Provides protection to persons with disabilities. Purpose is to eliminate discrimination and to provide clear, enforceable standards addressing discrimination in the workplace.
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National Student Nurses Association (NSNA)
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This organization is composed of students enrolled in nursing education programs. Responsible for Breakthrough into nursing, student bill of rights and code of professional conduct. Students advocate for student and patient rights and take action on social and political issues.
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King's Goal Attainment Theory
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The patient is a personal system within a social system. The nurse and the patient experience each other and the situation, act and react, and transact. Nurses and patients communicate to mutually set goals and explore and agree on means to reach those goals.
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Health Professions Education for the Future: Schools in Service to the Nation (Pew Health Professions Commission, 1995)
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This report advised that nursing distinguish between the different levels of nursing. Recommended associate's degree for entry level nursing and BSN for management.
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ANA Code for Nurses
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Code which addresses specific issues and does not confine itself to matters of etiquette or broad general statements.
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Lavina Dock
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She was a nursing leader and women's rights activist who was instrumental in the Constitutional amendment giving women the right to vote.
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Case Method
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Organization Patterns
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Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA)
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Act which requires on admission to any health care service that patients be given the opportunity to make an informed decision about what life-saving or life-prolonging actions they wanted carried out.
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National Organization for Associate Degree Nursing (NOADN)
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This organizations speaks for associate degree education and practice, reinforces the value of associate degree nursing practice, maintains endorsement of RN licensure for the associate degree nurse, and retains RN licensure examination for graduates of associate degree programs.
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Neuman's Systems Model
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Nursing interventions are purposeful, using a total-person approach to patient care to help individuals, families, and groups attain and maintain wellness. Nursing care is directed toward reducing stress factors that affect optimal patient functions.
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21 Competencies for the 21st Century (Pew Health Professions Commission, 1998)
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This report contained a theme of reforming health professions and address the skills needed to function in modern health care.
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ICN Code of Ethics for Nurses
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Addresses the general responsibilities of the nursing profession as well as specific concerns of people, practice, the profession, and coworkers.
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Virginia Henderson
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She provided one of the most widely accepted definitions of nursing. Nursing's role is to assist the individual to carry out those activities that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will, or knowledge.
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Primary Nursing
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A nurse is accountable for planning, evaluating, and directing care of a patient 24 hours a day throughout the patient's stay. A method of providing comprehensive, individualized and consistent, but expensive care.
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Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
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Act which states that patients have a right to: see, copy, and update their health record; get a list of disclosures a health institution has made for the purpose of treatment, payment, and healthcare operations; restrict disclosures; and choose how to receive health information.
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American Organization of Nurse Executives (AONE)
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This is a national professional organization for nurses who design, facilitate, and manage care. Member of the Tricouncil for Nursing, which serves as information resource for legislative and government personnel.
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Healthy People 2010: The Cornerstone for Prevention (US DHHS 2000)
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Report that establishes goals to increase quality and years of healthy life and eliminate health disparities.
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Mary Mahoney
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She graduated from the New England Hospital for Women and Children as the first African American nurse
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Team Nursing
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RN and other caregivers provide care to a designated group of patients on a given shift. Modified the depersonalized approach of functional nursing and focused on individual care.
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Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs)
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This is a prepaid, group managed care plan that allows subscribers to receive all the medical services they require through a group of affiliated providers.
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Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA)
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Federal budget act which places restrictions on people and organizations receiving federal funds. Establishes Conditions of Participation for nursing homes who receive reimbursement through Medicare and Medicaid.
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Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE)
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This organization provides accreditation for BSN and higher degree programs. It was formed by the AACN.
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Hildegard Peplau
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She was a theorist who believed that nursing should be viewed as an interpersonal process involving interaction between two or more individuals which has as its common goal assisting the individual who is sick or in need of health care.
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Functional Nursing
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Nurses and other staff are assigned to specific tasks for a group of patients. Specialization increases efficiency but results in impersonal care. Assembly line.
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Managed care
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A system for financing and organizing the delivery of health care in which costs are contained by controlling the provision of services.
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Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)
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This act provides job security for unpaid leave while the employee is caring for a newborn or other family healthcare needs.
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National League for Nursing Accrediting Commission (NLNAC)
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This organization provides accreditation for nursing programs of all types.
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Linda Richards
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She was the first trained nurse in the US. She was a superintendent of Bellevue Hospital and began the practice of documentation and writing orders.
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Case Management
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One nurse is responsible for overseeing the quality and financial outcomes of patient care. The nurse works collegially with physicians, caregivers, and payers to manage patients along an agreed-upon clinical pathway.
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Medicare
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Established under the Social Security Act to establish national and state health insurance programs for the elderly. Payment based on DRGs.
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Occupational Safety and Health Act
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This act ensures that healthful and safe conditions exist in the workplace.
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Martha Rogers
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She was an American nurse, researcher, theorist, and author who is best known for developing the Science of Unitary Human Beings and her landmark book, An Introduction to the Theoretical Basis of Nursing.
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Partnership Model
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Patient care is provided to a group of patients by an RN and either an LPN or UAP. RN / LPN - patient care is shared and RN is responsible for planning and directing care. RN / UAP - UAP does non-nursing tasks only.
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Medicaid
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Established under the Social Security Act to provide funds for healthcare for those dependent on public assistance and certain other low-income individuals.
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Margaret Sanger
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She opened the first birth control clinic in the United States and established Planned Parenthood.
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Differentiated Practice
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A model of nursing care that recognizes the difference in the level of education and competency of each RN. Differentiation is based on education, position, and clinical expertise.
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Diagnosis-related groups (DRGs)
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A plan that pays the hospital a fixed amount that is predetermined by the medical diagnosis or specific procedure rather than the actual cost of care.
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Lillian Ward
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She established a neighborhood nursing service for the sick poor of the Lower East Side in NYC. She is the founder of public health nursing.
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Resource utilization groups (RUGs)
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These are the categories used to determine prospective payment for nursing home clients. Each group represents residents which require similar amounts of care and will have a similar cost to support that care each day.
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Fee-for-service
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Traditional method of healthcare payment based on generating a fee every time a service is provided. The more services provided, the more fees charged.
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Capitation
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A method of determining payment in which a fee is paid to a provider organization for each person signed up for the plan, regardless of whether or not that person uses any health care services.
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Independent practice associations (IPAs)
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An association that contracts with independent physicians, and provides services to managed care organizations at a negotiated rate
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Preferred Provider Organizations (PPOs)
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This plan allows a third-party payer to contact with a group of healthcare providers to provide services at a lower fee in return for prompt payment and a guaranteed volume of patients and services.
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The Joint Commission
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A nonprofit, voluntary organization which provides accreditation for hospitals, nursing homes, and related organizations and sets standards for hospital care.
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The National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA)
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This organization reviews and evaluates HMOs. Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set (HEDIS) was developed to standardize comparison and evaluation.
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Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
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This administration mandates actions and prescribes safety equipment to improve the health and safety of the working environment.
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Equal Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
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This agency enforces laws prohibiting discrimination based on gender, age, race, religion etc.
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Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)
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Agency that administers the Medicare program and works in partnership with state governments to administer Medicaid, the State Children's Health Insurance Program, and health insurance portability standards
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