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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Steric Hindrance (Rh) |
Position effect (Weak D hindered by r' in trans position) |
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Fisher-Race Nomenclature haplotypes (RHD/RHCE genes) |
DCE/dCE DCe/dCe DcE/dcE Dce/dce |
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Rosenfeld nomenclature (Rh system) |
1,2,3,4,5 (-) indicates lacking D,C,E,c,e |
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Weiner Nomenclature |
R0=Dce R1=DCe R2=DcE Rz=DCE r=dce r'=dCe r''=dcE ry=dCE |
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Weak D (Rh) |
Low expression of D on RBC (Hereditary or trans inheretance of C) must test in adults, Infants of Rh-neg moms, Prenatal screen (for mom) |
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Partial D (Rh) |
Altered D antigen, missing or modified epitopes, must transfuse D-negative |
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Prevalence (Rh) |
D (85%) c (80%) C (68%) e (98%) E (29%) |
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Secretor gene |
Se (se) Medelian pattern |
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Antigens (ABH) |
A=40% B=11% H=100% (O phenotype 45%) AB= combination of A and B antigen |
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Acquired B |
Bacterial exposure modifies A antigens |
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Acquired A
|
B enzyme non-specifically makes A antigens, resolve by using less sensitive anti-A
|
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Rh system antigen chemistry |
All protein, transmembrane |
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ABH system chemistry |
Glycolipids |
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ABO gene products |
A=N-alpha-acytylgalactosyltransferase B=N-alpha-galactosyltransferase O=Amorph (None) H=L-fucosyltrasferase h=amorph (none) |
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Kell System Antigens (Significance) |
K (yes) k (yes) Kp^a (yes) Kp^b (yes) Js^a (yes) Js^b (yes) |
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Kell System antitheticals (dosage) |
K/k (yes, but K is often excepted) Kp^a/Kp^b (yes, but Kp^a excepted) Js^a/Js^b (yes, but Js^a often excepted) |
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Kell system frequencies (white)/(Black) |
K (9%)/(rare) k (99.8%)/(100%) Kp^a (2%)/(rare) Kp^b (>99.9%)/(>99.9%) Js^a (<.1%)/(20%) Js^b (>99.9%)/(99%) |
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Kell system status at age |
Well developed at birth |
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Kell system Chemistry |
Transmembrane Protein (mostly outside cell) |
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Kell system Unique points |
Dependent on Kx antigen for proper expression (Failure of Kx results in McLeod Phenotype) can cause Acanthocytes |
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Kell system Enzyme reactivity |
Enzymes have no effect, Thiol-reducing agents destroy them |
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Kell system antibodies |
Mostly IgG, AHG phase, Do not activate complement |
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Duffy blood group system antigens (signficance) |
Fya (yes) Fyb (yes) Fy3 (yes) |
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Duffy system antitheticals (dosage) |
Fya/Fyb (yes) |
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Duffy system Phenotype frequency (white)/(black) |
Fy (a+b-) 17/9 Fy (a-b+) 34/22 Fy (a+b+) 49/1 (most common in white) Fy (a-b-) rare/68 (Most common in black) |
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Duffy system expression (age) |
Strong expression in fetus/adult |
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Duffy system Chemistry |
Transmembrane proteins, Urea pump |
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Duffy system Unique points |
Fya/Fyb receptor for P. vivax, probably a chemokine receptor |
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Duffy system enzyme reactivity |
Enzymes destroy reactivity |
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Duffy system antibodies |
IgG, AHG, some do bind complement, anti-Fya more common than anti-Fyb |
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MNS antigens (significance) |
M (no) N (no) S (yes) s (yes) U (possible) |
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MNS antigens frequency white/black |
M: 78/74 N: 72/75 S: 55/31 s: 89/93 U: 99.9/99 |
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MNS antitheticals (dosage) |
M/N (yes) S/s (yes) |
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MNS enzyme reactivity |
MN destroyed, S/s often destroyed but depends on dosage. U: resistant to blood bank enzymes |
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MNS expression (age) |
Strongly expressed at birth |
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MNS unique points |
U always expressed with S or s Receptors for cytokines and receptors for P. falciparum and E. coli |
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MNS chemistry |
Single pass membrane proteins, Glycophorin A (MN) and Glycophorin B (Ss) |
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MNS antibodies |
MN: IgM common in children, 4C reacting Ss: IgG, AHG, some complement binding (S>s) U: IgG, AHG, no complement binding (only found in S-s- phenotype) |
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P1Pk/GLOBOSIDE antigens (significant) |
P1 (yes) Pk (no) P (yes) |
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P1Pk/GLOBOSIDE phenotypes (antigens) Frequency White/Black |
P1 (P1, Pk, P) 94/79 P2 (Pk, P) 6/21 P1k (P1, Pk) rare/rare P2k (Pk) rare/rare p (none) rare/rare |
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P1Pk/GLOBOSIDE antitheticals (dosage) |
NOPE! |
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P1Pk/GLOBOSIDE chemistry |
Lipid linked Carbohydrates, adds sugars to type 2 precursor chain |
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P1Pk/GLOBOSIDE unique points |
Antigen degraded by storage, detectable in hydatid cyst fluid. P1 antigen can be soluble |
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P1Pk/GLOBOSIDE expression (age) |
poorly developed at birth, detect as adult |
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P1Pk/GLOBOSIDE antibodies |
Anti-PP1Pk (only pnull phenotype) IgG/IgM, AHG, wide range of thermal activity binds complement well. |
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P1Pk/GLOBOSIDE enzyme activity |
Enhances detection of P1, no effect for other antigens |
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Group I antigens (significance) |
I (mostly no) |
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Group I frequency |
High frequency |
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Group I chemistry |
Glycolipids (RBC), reside as residues on water soluble proteins and glycoproteins in secretions |
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Group I deveopment (age) |
find unrelated i antigen in newborns, see I antigen in >18 months |
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Group I unique chracateristics |
Both anti-I and anti-i are found in cold agglutinin disease. I and i are not antithetical and are not part of the same group (i has no group) Anti-i associated with cataracts in adult asian population |
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Group I antitheticals (dosage) |
NOPE |
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Group I enzyme activity |
Varies |
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Group I antibodies |
Usually IgM, anti-I reacts to complexed I and H as an anti-IH |
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Lewis System Antigens (significant) |
Lea (yes, but only sometimes) Leb (no) |
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Lewis System Phenotype prevalence white/black |
Le (a+b-) 22/23 Le (a-b+) 72/55 Le (a-b-) 6/22 Le (a+b+) rare/rare |
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Lewis System Antitheticals (dosage) |
NONE |
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Lewis System Development (age) |
Poor at birth |
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Lewis System Chemistry |
Galactosetransferase (antigen is the modified glycolipid that comes from the same stuff as the ABO system) |
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Lewis System Unique Characteristics |
Naturally Occur, called FUT3. Lea converts precursor substance, Leb is converted type 1 (secreteor) H substance. Will have Leb if also have Se gene. Antigen mostly found in secretions and doesn't attach well to red cell |
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Lewis System Antibodies |
Naturally occuring IgM, mostly found in Le(a-b-), antibodies have low avidity and are often neutralized by Le antigens in plasma before ever reaching cells |
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Lewis System Enzyme Activity |
INCREASED by enzymes |
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Lutheran System antigens (significant) |
Lua (no) Lub (yes) |
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Lutheran System phenotype prevalence white/black |
Lu (a+b-) .2% Lu (a-b+) 92.4% Lu (a+b+) 7.4 % Lu (a-b-) rare |
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Lutheran System antithetical (dosage) |
Lua/Lub (yes, but Lu^a often excepted) |
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Lutheran System enzyme activity |
Varies, usually not |
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Lutheran System antibodies |
Anti-Lua is IgM and naturally occurring (stringy agglutinates, most often found in XM because screening cells are usually negative), anti-Lub is IgG and IAT. |
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Lutheran System chemistry |
Single-pass membrane glycoprotein, related to cell adhesion. Only found on RBC's |
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Lutheran System unique characteristics |
3 reasons for null phenotype: No Lu gene, have In(Lu) inhibitor gene (DOM), X linked supressor XS2 (RECESSIVE).
|
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Lutheran System development (age) |
Adults (poorly expressed on fetus, but can lead to HDFN)
|
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Kidd System antigens (significant) |
JKa (yes) JKb (yes) Jk3 (yes, but only in a-b-) |
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Kidd System antitheticals (dosage) |
Jka/Jkb (yes) |
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Kidd System phenotype prevalence white/black |
Jk (a+b-) 26.3/51.1 Jk (a-b+) 23.4/8.1 Jk (a+b+) 50.3/40.8 Jk (a-b-) rare/rare |
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Kidd System enzyme activity |
Enhanced |
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Kidd System chemistry |
Multipass membrane protein, Urea transport protein. |
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Kidd System antibodies |
Always IgG, AHG, do bind complement, don't store well, titers drop to undetectable after initial development |
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Kidd System unique characteristics |
2 Molar urea solution destroys all RBC's but Jk(a-b-) cells. |
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Kidd System expression (age) |
Strongly expressed at birth |
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Antigen systems that have significant antigens |
Rh Kidd (all) ABO Kell (all) Duffy (all) MNS (Only S/s/U) P1Pk (Only P/P1) Lewis (Only Lea) Lutheran (Only Lub) |
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Antigen systems that express dosage |
Rh (Cc/Ee) Kell (all, but K/Ksa/Jsa excepted in rule-outs) Duffy MNS (MN, Ss) Lutheran (Lua excepted in rule-outs sometimes) Kidd |
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Antigen systems that are enhanced by enzyme reactivity |
Kidd Lewis Rh P1Pk/Globoside (Only P1, destroys others) |
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Antigen systems unaffected by enzymes |
MNS (only U and S/s) P1Pk/Globoside Lutheran (usually no) I (varies) Kell (Thiol-reducers destroy) |
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Antigen systems destroyed by Enzymes |
Duffy MNS (M/N) P1Pk/Globoside (P, Pk) |
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Antigen systems expressed strongly at birth |
ABO Rh Kell Duffy MNS i (not a system, but fetal antigen) |
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Kx/Kell chromosome location |
7 |
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Lewis system chromosome Location |
19 |
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Lutheran system chromosome location |
19 |
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MNS system chromosome location |
4 |
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P1Pk system chromosome location |
22 |
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Duffy system chromosome location |
1 |
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Kidd system chromosome location |
18 |
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I system chromosome location |
6 |
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MNS system genetics |
2 Genes, M/N and S/s |
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Kell System genetics |
KEL gene codes for antigens, dependent on XKS expression of Kx antigen |
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Kidd system Genetics |
JK gene |
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Lewis System genetics |
LE gene codes for both antigens |
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Duffy system genetics |
Duffy gene? |
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I system genetics |
Eh |
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P1Pk/Globocide genetics |
P1 gene |
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Lutheran System genetics |
1 gene on chromosome 19 linked to FUT2, LU gene |